A STUDY OF THE GENUS LATHYRUS 



The Genus Lathyrus 

The Sweet Pea in Botany and Horticulture 
I Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 
Winter Flowering Sweet Peas 



A THESIS 

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate SchooIv 
OF Cornell University for the degree of 

DOCTOR OF PHIIvOSOPHY 



BY 



ALVIN CASEY BEAL, B.S., M.S.A. 



[Published as Bulletins 319, 320 and 342 of the Agricultural Experiment Station 
of the College of Agriculture of Cornell University.} 



A STUDY OF THE GENUS LATHYRUS 

The Genus Lathyrus 

The Sweet Pea in Botany and Horticulture 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 
Winter Flowering Sweet Peas 



A THESIS 

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School 
OF Cornell University for the degree of 

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 



BY 



ALVIN CASEY BEAL, B.S., M.S.A. 



[Published as Bulletins 319, 320 and 342 of the Agricultural Experiment Station 
of the College of Agriculture of Cornell University.] 



<v 






m ft>^' 



4W »9 Au ^ 



PREFACE 

This study was begun in the autumn of 1909. It has been carried 
on continuously under glass during two winters, and outdoors in the 
summer of 19 10. A collection of the obtainable species of Lathyrus, as 
well as a very extensive collection of the varieties of sweet peas, was grown 
at Ithaca. In addition to the above the writer was enabled to study the 
exhibits of outdoor-grown sweet peas at the annual exhibition of the 
National Sweet Pea Society at New York in July, 19 10, and of the winter- 
flowering varieties at Boston in March, 1 9 1 1 . 

The investigation was begun with a view of studying the various species 
of Lathyrus for the purpose of monographing them, and particularly of 
detennining their value as ornamental plants. The studies on sweet peas 
included the evolution of the flower, as well as the preparation of careful 
descriptions and the detection and elimination of synonyms among pres- 
ent-day varieties. The descriptions of the garden varieties will appear 
in a later publication; those of winter-flowering varieties are included in 
Bulletin 3 1 9 of this station. 

The author wishes to extend his thanks and grateful acknowledgments 
to Professor John Craig, who has given great encouragement, kindly 
advice, and all possible facilities for carrying on the investigation; to the 
National Sweet Pea Society for their cooperation in the variety tests; 
to the United States Department of Agriculture for seeds of species of 
Lathyrus; and to the seedsmen of the United States and Great Britain 
who contributed seeds for the trials. Among the latter, mention should 
be made of the assistance rendered by Messrs. C. C. Morse & Co. in 
contributing a collection of seventy-two varieties, representing various 
types and old or obsolete varieties, for the study on the evolution of the 
sweet pea. 



659 



CONTENTS 

Page 

Part I. The genus Lathyrus 66 1 

Botany of the genus 66 1 

Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus 663 

Descriptions of the species 667 

History of the cultivated lathyrus 673 

Descriptions of cultivated species 674 

Part II. The sweet ])ea in botany and in horticulture 678 

History of the sweet pea 678 

Botanical history 678 

British horticultural history 6S4 

American horticultural history 691 

Evolution 693 

Pollination 695 

Dwarf sweet peas 697 

Varieties of cupid sweet peas 698 

Unpopularity of the type 699 

Garden culture of the sweet pea 700 

The soil 700 

The seed 701 

Planting 702 

Supports 706 

Cultivation 709 

Summary 710 

Insects and diseases 710 

Insects 710 

Diseases 711 

Exhibiting sweet peas 711 



660 



SWEET PEA STUDIES — III 
CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA 

Alvin C. Beal 
PART I. THE GENUS LATHYRUS 

BOTANY OF THE GENUS 

The genus Lathyrus (a name used by Theophrastus for some leguminous 
plant) belongs to the important family Leguminosae, which embraces 
three suborders, eighteen tribes, and one hundred and twenty-seven 
genera of plants cultivated in North America. The suborder Papilioneae 
is distinguished from the suborder Mimoseae in having irregular or 
zygomorphic flowers, and from the suborder Caesalpineae in having 
papilionaceous flowers — that is, the standard outside the other petals, and 
enclosing them in the bud. 

Among the most important genera that contain ornamental plants are 
Thermopsis, Lupinus, Laburnum, Genista, Cytisus, Cladrastis, Hedysarum, 
Lespedeza, Lotus, Dolichos, Pueraria, Erythrina, Apios, Centrosema, 
Wisteria, Rohinia, Clianthus, Swainsona, Caragana, and Glycyrrhiza. 
Then there are the genera of economic importance, Arachis, Onobrychis, 
Desmodium, Vicia, Pisum, Lens, Phaseolus, Vigna, Mucuna, Glycine, 
Trifolium, Medicago, Melilotus, and Indigofera. 

The plants of the tribe Vicia, which includes the genera Abrus, 
Lens, Vicia, Pisum, and Lathyrus, are typically climbing herbs, with 
evenly pinnate leaves, which raise themselves by m^eans of tendrils 
at the tips of the petioles. The varieties of Phaseolus, the other tribe 
of typically climbing herbaceous plants, have twining stems and three 
leaflets. 

Abrus diflfers from the other genera of this tribe in having woody stems, 
and nine stamens instead of ten. Lens (lentil) has flowers with the wings 
adherent to the keel. Vicia (vetch), Pisum (pea), and Lathyrus are 
closely allied and somewhat difficult to distinguish. Vicia is usually 
known by the sheath of the stamens being oblique at the mouth, and the 
style being slender and bearded at the apex or only around the upper 
part ; Pisum and Lathyrus have the stamen sheath even at the mouth, but 
are distinct from each other in that in Pisum the calyx lobes are leafy 

66 1 



662 Bulletin 320 

and the style is flattened laterally and bearded down the inner edge, 
while in Laihyriis the style is flattened on the back and front and is 
bearded down one face. 

The flowers of Lathyriis are solitary or racemose, on long, axillary 
peduncles. The calyx is oblique, campanulate, five-parted, the teeth 
nearly equal or the upper two shorter than the lower. The corolla con- 
sists of five parts. The upjjcr, or odd, petal, known as the vexillum, or 
standard, is larger than the others and encloses them in the l^ud. There 
is a notch at the apex and ordinarily a short claw. The form is broadly 
obovate or roundish and the jjetal is usually turned backward or si)reading. 
The colors are dark blue or ]Au-plc, \-iolct, rose, white, or yellow. The 
two lateral petals, or wings, arc falcate, obovate, or oblong, oblique and 
exterior to the lower two, which arc shorter, incurved, conni\-ent, and 
more or less coherent along their anterior edge, fomiing the keel, or carina. 
The keel encloses the stamens and pistil. 

The stamens are diadclphous (9 and i), or monodelphous below. The 
style is curved, sometimes twisted, flattened, hairy along the inner side 
(next the free stamen) ; ovary sessile, or stalked with numerous ovules, 
becoming a one-celled pod. This is flat or terete, dehiscent, two-valved, 
continuous between seeds. 

The seeds arc globose or angular, with a hard, smooth testa. The 
radicle is curved inward. The cotyledons are accumbent. 

The plants are herbaceous vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnate, 
mostly tendril-bearing leaves. The old genus Orobits, which originally 
was created to include all the erect forms without tendrils, has since been 
included in the genus Lathyrus by Bentham and Hooker and by later 
botanists. 

Species of Lathyrus are found in Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Sicily, 
and North and South America. 

The genus is generally divided into two sections: 

1. Eulathyrus (from eu, well, and lathyrus; genuine species). Vexillum 

toothless at the base. Leaves opposite or wanting. Petioles 
narrow-winged. 

2. Clymenum (dymenos, clear). Vexillum furnished with a conical 

gibbosity on each side at the base. Lower petioles leafless; upj^er 
ones bearing two to six usually alternate leaflets. Petioles usually 
winged. 

Horticulturally the species may be di\4ded into perennial and annual 
species. The following classification of the species is based in part on the 
artificial key to the American species, published by Theodore G. White 
in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. XXI, 1S94: 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 663 



Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus 

I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing. 
A. Eulathyrus. 
B. Annuals. 

C. Petioles leafless. . 
L. aphaca L. 
L. Nissolia L. 
CC. Leaflets one pair. 
D. Stems wingless. 
L. pusillus Ell. 
L. subulatus Lam. 
L. inconspicuus L. 
L. sphaerictis Retz. 
L. micranthns Gerard. 
L. angulatus L. 
L. leptophyllus Bieb. 
L. setifolius L. 
L. hirtiis Lam. 
DD. Stems winged. 
L. sativus L. 
L. etc era L. 
L. hirsutus L. 
L. annuus L. 
L. odoratus L. 
L. Tingitaniis L. 
CCC. Leaflets 2-3 pairs. 

L. clymenoides DC. 
L. cirrhosus DC. 
L. turgidus Lam. 
L. purpureus Presl. 
L. ciliatus Guss. 
BB. Perennials. 

C. Leaflets one pair. 
D. Stipiiles narrow. 
E. Stems wingless. 
L. pratensis L. 
L. tuber osus L. 
L. sessilijolius Tenore. 
L. roseus Stev. 
L. tomentosus Lam. 
L. sericeus Lam. 



664 Bulletin 320 

I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing — {Continued). 
EE. Stems winged. 

L. sylvestris L. 
L. pubescens Hook. 
L. grandiflorus Sims. 
L. rotundifolius Willd. 
L. undidatus Boiss. 
DD. Stiijules broad. 

E. Stems wingless. 

L. Magellanicus Lam. 
L. nervosus Lam. 
EE. Stems winged. 

L. latifolius L. 
CC. Leaflets more than one pair. 
D. Stems winged. 
L. palustris L. 
L. Watsoni White. 
L. Jepsoni Greene. 
L. heterophyllus L. 
DD. Stems wingless. 

E. Plant glabrous. 
F. Stipules large. 

G. Leaflets 2-5 (mostly 3) pairs. 
L. ochroleuctis Hook. 
L. myrtifoliiis MuW. 
L. paucifiorus Fernald. 
L. parviflorns S. Watson. 
L. pisiformis L. 
L. Bolanderii S. Watson. 
GG. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. 

L. sidphureiis Brew. 
L. Alefcldii White. 
L. polyphyUus Nutt. 
L. maritiynus Bigel. 
L. vestitus Nutt. 
FF. Stipules narrow. 

L. laetiflorus Greene. 
L. splendcns Kellogg. 
L. decaphyllus Pursh. 
L. violaceus Greene. 
L. coriaccus Wliite. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 665 

I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing — (Continued). 
FF. Stipules narrow — (Continued) . 
L. venosus Muhl. 
L. Ion gi pes White. 
L. graminifolius White. 
L. Macraei Hook. 
EE. Plant densely silky villous all over. 
L. litoralis. 
AA. Clymenimi. 

L. difusus. 
L. clymenum L. 
L. articulatus L. 

n. Plant erect or nearly so, tendrils wanting or much reduced. (Orobus.) 
A. Peduncles 2 -several-flowered. 
B. Flowers white or yellowish. 
L. montanus Bernh. 
L. Arizonicus Britton. 
L. Cusickii S. Watson. 
L. obovatus Torr. 
L. rigidus White. 
BB. Flowers purple. 

C. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. 
L. ornatus Nutt. 
L. Nuttallii S. Watson. 
L. niger Bernh. 
L. Oregonensis White. 
L. vernus Bernh. 
CC. Leaflets 1-2 pairs. 

L. bijugatus White. 
AA. Peduncles i -flowered. 
L. Torreyi A. Gray. 

Previous to White's monograph only two attempts had been made 
to enumerate the species of the genus. The first was by Alefield (Bon- 
plandia, June, i860), who placed all the American species in the genus 
Orobus; the second attempt was by Watson (Amer. Jour. Sci., Feb., 1876), 
who enumerated thirteen species. * 



* Mention should be made of the more recent monographs on the genus Lalhyriis, namely: 
Uber einige Orobus-Arten und ihre geographische Verbreitung. Series I Lutei. Ein Beitrag 

zur Systematik der Viceen. Von Dr. Karl Fritsch. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. 

Kl. CIV Band (1895)- 

tJber einige Lathyrus-Arten aus der Section Eulathyrus und ihre geographische Verbreitung. 

August Ginzberger. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. Kl. CV Band (1896), pp. 281- 

353i plates and maps. 



666 Bulletin 320 

Some one hundred and thirty other species, which arc considered good 
by the Index Kewensis but not included in the writer's classification, 
are as follows: 

Acuttis, Alberjilla, albus, Algeridus, Allardii, alpestris, altaicus, amoenus, 
aphyllus, Artneneus, asphodeloides, astrophia, aurantius, hijugus, blephari- 
carpus, brachydon, brachyptenis, Brownii, campestris, canescens, cassius, 
chloranthus, cicerella, cicenda, cinctus, coerulescens, colchicus, crassipes, 
cryophilus, cyaneus, Davidii, debilis, dicirrhus, dielsianus, Dinklagei, 
diver sifolius, Dnunmondii, dumetorum, ecirrhosus, elegans, Emodi, Engel- 
manni, epetiolaris, erectiis, Ewaldii, filiformis, fissus, Jruitescens, Gold- 
steinae, Gorgoni, gracilis, graciUimtts, Craphiosa, helodes, hierosolymitanus , 
hygrophyllus, incurvus, intricatus, italicus, kilamandschariais , laetifolius, 
laevigatus, lanceolatus , lancifolins, Layardii, Ledebounii, leiicanthns, Libani, 
linearifolius, lusitanicus , luteus, lycius, macrorrhizus, niagnifiorns, malo- 
samts, marmoratus, Messerschmidtii, Mexicamis, microphyllus , miniatus, 
mollis, Midkak, multiceps, midtiflorus , mutabilus, nervatus, neurolobus, 
nitens, Numidicits, occidentalis, ochraceus, ovalifolius, pallescens, pan- 
noniciis, parisiensis, Parreiszii, pentaphyllus , pisaster, platystylis, poly- 
anthos, pseudo-aphaca, pterocatdos, puberulus, pnrpureo-coendeus, quadri- 
niarginatus, Sanbergii, Schniiperii, setiger, Shaffneri, sinensis, spatlmlatus, 
spatulima, speciosus, spectabilis, stenobolus, stenophyllus, stipidaris, strictus, 
siibandiniis, subrotiindus, Szowitsii, Tanakee, tetrapterus, trachycarpus, 
trachyspermus, trichocalyx, Utahensis, variabilis, varius, venetus, villosus, 
vinealis, and Volckmanni. 

The Encyclopedia of American Horticulture describes sixteen species 
in the American trade. These are: odoratiis, Tingitanus, grandijlorus, 
sylvestris, rotundijolius, undulatus, latijolius, Magellanicus, palitstris, 
maritimus, venosus, splendens, montanus, polymorphus, niger, and vernus. 

The writer has been unable to find maritimus, undidatus, palustris, 
splendens, inontanus, rotund if alius, polymorphus, grandijlorus, and venosus 
in the present-day lists. 

Through the courtesy of Professor A. V. Piper, there has been received 
at this station the following reputed species from the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture: L. cicera, L. sativus, L. sativus azureus, L. sativus 
coccineus, L. sylvestris, L. sp. (India), L. Tingitanus, L. ochrus, L. praten- 
sis, L. nervosus, L. sp., and L. sp. (not named). 

The following s]5ecics and varieties were received from dealers in seeds 
and plants: 

Lathyrus latijolius, Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia 
Lathyrus latijolius albus, Henry A. Dreer 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 667 

Lathy rus latifolius White Pearl, Henry A. Dreer 

Lathyrus latijolms Delicata, Peter Henderson, New York 

Lathyrus latifolius roseiis, A. T. Boddington, New York 

Lathyrus latifolius Pink Beauty, A. T. Boddington 

Lathyrus latifolius albus, A. T. Boddington 

Lathyrus latifolius White, J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York 

Lathyrus latifolius Pink Beauty, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 

Lathyrus latifolius splendens, R. & J. Farquhar, Boston 

Lathyrus latifolius Giant White, R. & J. Farquhar 

Lathyrus latifolius Perennial Pea, Red, James Vick's Sons, Rochester 

Lathyrtis latifolius Perennial Pea, Rose, James Vick's Sons 

Lathyrus latifolius Perennial Pea, White, James Vick's Sons 

Lathyrus sylvestris, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 

Lathyrus pubescens, A. T. Boddington 

Lathyrus grandiflorus, Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester 

Lathyrus Lord Anson's Blue, A. T. Boddington 

Lathyrus Lord Anson's Blue, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 

Lathyrus Lord Anson's White, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 

Orohus niger, J. ]\L Thorburn & Co. 

Orobus lathyroides, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 

Orobus albus roseus, Henry A. Dreer 

Orobus superbus, Henry A. Dreer 

Orobus vernus, Henry A. Dreer 

Orobus vernus, R. & J. Farquhar 

Only a few of the above, mostly annual species, flowered the first year. 

Descriptions of the species 
LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. 

Annual 

Stems branching, smooth, winged, 2 feet high; leaflets linear-oblong; 
tendrils trifid; stipules semisagittate-ovate, ciliated, not so long as 
the petioles; peduncles i-flowered, longer than the petioles (1^-2 inches 
long), bracteolate and articulate at the apex; calyx lobes lanceolate, 
fcliaceous, almost three times length of tube; legumes ovate, short, broad, 
irregularly reticulated, winged on the back; seeds trigonal, smooth, trun- 
cate. Native of Spain, France, and Italy. Flowers blue, sometimes 
white, f-i inch in diameter. L. sativus, L. sativus azureus, and L. sativus 
coccineus were found at this station to be a mixture of white and blue 
forms. 



668 



Bulletin 320 




Fir,. 178. — Lathyriis sativus L. 

LATHYRUS CICERA L. 

Stems smooth, 2 feet high, branching, winged; leaflets linear; tendrils 
branched; stipules semisagittate, narrow, much shorter than the petioles; 
peduncles 1-2-flowercd, length of the leaves; bracteoles small; calyx 
segments lanceolate, nearly three times length of tube; legumes oblong, 
irregularly channeled on the back, not winged; seeds trigonal, truncate, 
smooth. Native of Spain. Flowers ])urple or red, variable. 

LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS L. 

Stems winged, 2 fcCt high; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 3-ner\'ed; stipules 
semisagittate, linear, about equal the petiole in length; peduncles usually 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 



669 



2 -flowered; calyx hairy, segments ovate-acuminate, length of tube; legumes 
oblong, hairy; seeds globular, warted. Native of southern Europe, in 




Fig. 179. — Lathyrus hirsutus L. 



grainfields. Flowers with a bright crimson standard, pale blue wings 
and white keel. 



670 



Bulletin 320 




Fig. iHo.—Lulliyrus Tinoitanus L. Tangier scarlet pea 

LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. 

Stems spreadiiiK-wingcd. quite glabrous, 3 feet long; leaflets linear- 
lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate; stipules lanceolate, much shorter than. 



Ph 



pq 




&^ 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 671 

the petioles; peduncles 2 -flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx teeth 
nearly equal; legumes linear, 4-5 inches long, much reticulated, compressed, 
sutures thick; seeds not angular. Native of the west Mediterranean 
region at Tangier. Flowers i inch long, dark red-purple : standard large, 
purple ; wings and keel bright red. 

LATHYRUS ODORATUS L. 

Stems rough-hairy, winged oval or oblong, mucronate; stipules lan- 
ceolate, much shorter than the petioles; peduncle 2-4-flowered, much 
longer than the leaves; calyx teeth broad, longer than the tube; legumes 
compressed, linear, 1-3 inches, hairy; seeds round, sometimes angled, 
black, white, or mottled. Native of Sicily. Flowers large, showy, in 
shades of blue, red, yellow, and white. Standard large-expanded, hooded 
or wavy. 

LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. 

Stems 4-angled, winged; petioles winged, lower ones leafless, upper 
ones with two leaflets; leaves glaucous; lower stipules wanting, upper 
ones ovate; peduncle i -flowered; calyx teeth unequal, superior lobes 
shortest, length of tube; legumes with membranous wings, few-seeded; 
seeds globular. Native of southern Europe. Flowers pale yellow. 

LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. 
Perennial 

Stems straggling, 3-5 feet, stout, winged, glabrous, with creeping 
rootstocks; petioles winged, with one pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets; 
stipules narrow; peduncles 3-6-flowered, equaling the leaves; legumes 
compressed, reticulated, lanceolate, 2-3 inches long; seeds round, dotted. 
Native of Europe, in woods and hedges. Flower with one-half-inch-long 
standard: standard rose, with a green spot on the back; wings purple 
at the tips; keel greenish. 

LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. 

A soft, hairy, diffuse-branching herb; stems 3-5 feet high; stems, 
branches, and peduncles 4-angled, the angles forming stout ribs; petioles 
with one pair, rarely two pairs, of leaflets, sessile, 1-2^ inches long, oblong- 
lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, dark green, strongly ribbed beneath; stipules 
variable in size and form; peduncle longer than the leaves, many-flowered 
in lax or dense racemes; calyx tube broadly campanulate, upper teeth 
shorter; legumes linear, 2-2 1 inches long, hairy, flat; seeds very small, 
ellipsoid. Native of South America, from Bolivia and southern Brazil 
to the Straits of Magellan. Flower variable in size, sometimes ij inch 
broad, violet-blue: standard round, notched at the tip, margins recurved, 



672 



Bulletin 320 



violet-blue; wings broad, spreading, pale lilac dorsally, nearly white in 
front; keel petals falcately curved, with red tips. 




Fig. 181. — Lalhvnis ochrus DC. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 673 

LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. 

Seeds of this species were received from two American seedsmen, but 
they proved to be the annual species, Lathyrus sativus L. The Cyclopedia 
of American Horticulture describes this species as follows: " Stem 3-5 
feet long, smooth, angled, somewhat branched; leaflets ovate or oblong- 
linear; tendrils branched; stioules cordate-sagittate, broad; peduncles 
long, 3-4-fiowered ; flowers dark purple-blue. June, July. Straits of 

Magellan A strong-growing, woody, almost evergreen species 

covered with a bluish bloom Var. albus Hort. ... is the 

white form." 

LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. 

Stems winged, 4-8 feet, glabrous; leaflets one pair, ovate-lanceolate, 
rather glaucous, mucronate, 2-3 inches long; tendrils branching; stipules 
broad ovate; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves; legumes 
long, flat, reticulated lengthwise, 4-5 inches long; seeds roundish, smooth. 
Native of Europe, in woods. Flowers large, rose-colored, but horti- 
cultural varieties occur with white, dark purple, and striped flowers. 

LATHYRUS NERVOSUS LAM. 

Stems triangular, striated, 1-2 feet long; petioles with one pair of ovate, 
acute, mucronate, nerved, glaucous, glabrous leaflets, longer than the 
intemodes; petioles very short; tendril branches long; stipules sagittate, 
nearly two thirds size of leaflets, nerved; peduncles many-flowered; calyx 
teeth unequal, upper ones shortest; pod 2^ inches, linear, glabrous, 
containing 7-8 seeds; seeds irregular in form, brown, with smooth coats. 
Native of the region about Montevideo. Flowers large, purple. 

LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L. 

Stems smooth, tetragonal, 2-3 feet; petioles with one pair of oblong- 
linear or lanceolate leaflets; tendrils usually unbranched; stipules ovate, 
shorter than the leaflets; peduncles many- flowered, twice the length of 
leaves; calyx nerved, teeth nearly equal; legumes compressed, obliquely 
reticulated ; seeds globular, smooth. Native of Europe, in moist mead- 
ows. Flowers yellow. 

history op the cultivated LATHYRUS 

The word " Lathyrus " is from the Greek Aa, la, augmentative, and 
»9ov/9o?, thouros, anything exciting, having reference to the qualities of 
the seeds of certain species. In Europe the species of Lathyrus are 
known as ''Gesse,'" the sweet pea being known as Gesse odorante. The 
French know the plant under this name, or occasionally as Pois odorante 



674 Bulletin 320 

and latterly as Pots de Senteiir. The common Gesse of central Europe 
is Lathyrus sativiis. 

Of the one hundred or more species of Lathyrus, very few are in cul- 
tivation. Some — as, for example, the sweet pea — are of ornamental 
value; others, such as Lathyrus sativus, are of economic value as forage 
crops. 

The species are all propagated by seed, and the perennial species by 
division also. Occasionally cuttings have been used, and possibly the 
method could be extensively adopted. 

With the excei:)tion of the sweet pea, which requires the best of soil 
and culture, the Laihyri are not exacting as to soil. Some of the perennial 
species appear to thrive in a rather poor, dry soil and are useful in covering 
banks. The perennial species have long, fleshy roots, and when estab- 
lished they thrive for years without special care. In fact, these species are 
best left alone. 

Descriptions of cultivated species 

LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. 

Blue-flowered lathyrus, or chichling vetch. An annual species, of 
easy culture. The flowers are sky-blue [Repertoire de Couleurs, the 
standard and wings forget-me-not blue 2-3 (217), back of the standard 
heliotrope i (188)] or pure white. The plant grows to a height of 2 feet 
and flowers early and profusely. The season is not long, but probably 
successive sowings would provide for a longer display of the bright 
blue flowers. At least two crops a year can be grown. 

Don has the following to say of this species, which is a native of Italy, 
Spain, and France and has probably been cultivated from the earliest 
times: " In several parts of the continent a light, white, pleasant bread 
is made of the flower of this pulse, but it produced such dreadful effects 
in the seventeenth century that the use of it was forbidden by an edict 
of George, Duke of Wiirttemberg, in 167 1, which was enforced by two 
other edicts under his successor, Leopold, in 1705 and 17 14. Divemoy 
Fabbroni says that in 1786 the government there cautioned the peasants 
against its use." 

The effect of the use of the bread or seeds was that men and animals 
suffered from a rigidity of the limbs, which came on suddenly without 
any previous pain. The disease was regarded as incurable. Swine, 
horses, and pigeons suffered in this way, cattle grew lean; while poultry 
would not eat the food. Strange to relate, it appears that geese suffered 
no ill effects. It is recorded that if these seeds are mixed with one fourth 
or one half wheat flour, the bread made from them is harmless. The 
foregoing possibly explains the origin of the generic name. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 675 

LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. 

Tangier pea. This species is very distinct from the sweet pea, L. 
odoratus, and is sometimes cultivated in gardens with other annuals. 
Its culture is similar to that of the sweet pea, but, while the flowers are 
freely produced, they lack the range of color and the agreeable fragrance 
of the sweet pea. The species begins to bloom with the earliest of the 
sweet peas, but experience last year at this station would indicate that it 
does not produce flowers over so long a period. Success is dependent 
on prompt removal of the pods, for they develop rapidly. This plant 
comes from northern Africa. 

LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. 

This species has pale yellow flowers, hence the common name, pale 
yellow pea. The plant was formerly known as Ochrus pallida Pers. 
Linnasus described it as Pisum ochrus and De Candolle as Lathyrus ochrus, 
the latter being now the accepted name. The species is of the easiest 
culture, but is not very showy nor attractive in bloom. It does not remain 
in bloom very long, but is of some interest botanically. 

LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. 

This species is inferior ornamentally to other species, but is of some value 
as a forage crop. It grows well on poor, sandy soil, which it improves 
if plowed under. 

LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. 

One of the most ornamental species, but is not hardy. The flowers 
are a beautiful blue — in fact they are said to surpass Lord Anson's Blue 
— and are borne several in a cluster. The species was first cultivated 
by M. Andre in his garden at La Croix, France. The plant attains a 
height of 3 to 5 feet in ciiltivation. Early-sown seeds give plants that 
bloom the same season. This species may be increased from cuttings in 
the fall. In England the variety is apparently not hardy except in favored 
locations, and is recommended as a greenhouse plant. It was exhibited 
before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society March 20, 1906. Color 
plates are found in The Garden, Vol. 54, p. 353, and in Revue Horti- 
cole, 1895, p. 40. The latter is a better representation of the color of 
our species. 

LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. 

In the old seed lists we find Lord Anson's Blue and Lord Anson's White. 
The plant most frequently sold under this name is Lathyrus sativus. The 
true species is a perennial, with woody stems 3 to 5 feet long bearing 
long, 3-4-flowered peduncles. The color is a purple-blue. 



676 Bulletin 320 

" The history of the species," says C. Wolley-Dod, " dates from the 
celebrated voyage around the world of Lord Anson in the ship Centurion 
in 1 740-1 744. The Centurion, with the crew in a dreadful condition 
from scurvy, reached the southeastern point of South America in the 
beginning of March, 1741 (equivalent in our season to September). The 
weather was then mild and bright, and it seems to have been at the en- 
trance of the Strait Le Maire that this pea was first found." 

Martyn's edition of Miller's Dictionary says of it: " Mr. Miller has 
a perennial pea, which he calls Pisum Americanum, or Cape Horn pea, 
from its having been brought by Lord Anson's cook when he passed that 
cape, where this pea was a great relief to sailors ; but it is not so good for 
eating as the worst sort cultivated in England." 

The plant is known to gardeners from the beautiful portrait in Sweet's 
British Flower Garden, Scries II, Table 344. It seems that after its 
cultivation in the Chelsea Garden it was lost until Sweet's time, when 
his illustration was made from a living plant in Messrs. Osborn's nur- 
series at Fulham. After this it was again lost sight of for a long time, 
until it was reintroduced in 1899. 

The Reverend Mr. Wolley-Dod says that the plants do not prove to be 
really perennial. Sweet makes the suggestion that, being a maritime 
]:)lant native of a very stormy coast, it may require sprinldings of salt. 

LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. 

One of the most valuable of the ornamental species, and the best known 
of the perennial species in this country. This plant is one of the best 
hardy perennials, being a vigorous, rank-growing climber bearing many- 
flowered peduncles in great profusion. The plant is suitable for covering 
low trellises or as a cover for rough places, low walls, rocks, and banks. 
It succeeds well in shade and grows rapidly. The plants resent frequent 
removal. There are several variety names in the trade, but the best, 
so far as we can determine them at present, are Pink Beauty, Delicata, 
Albus, and Splendens. Another name is Grandifiorus, which is confused 
with the species L. graudiflorus. The latter can be distinguished by 
the two (rarely three) -flowered peduncles, as the varieties of L. latifolius 
bear many-flowered peduncles. 

LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L. 

Common yellow vetchling, meadow vetchling, or tare everlasting. The 
old authors describe this as an ineradicable weed because of its creeping 
rootstocks. Later authorities recommend it as a food for cattle, since 
the quality is good and it produces a considerable quantity of succulent 
forage. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 677 

LATHYRUS NERVOSUS LAM. 

This species, under the conditions at this station, made stems i foot 
long and did not flower. It is quite distinct in its plant characters. The 
species was discovered by Mr. Cameron, growing on rocky places near 
Montevideo in South America. It was first described by Doctor Vogel 
in Linnaea, Vol. 13, under the names L. nervosus and L. trigonns. It was 
first cultivated in England in the gardens of the Duke of Bedford, from 
seeds sent from Porto Bravo in southern Brazil. It is said to make a very 
satisfactory greenhouse subject, grown in pots and trained. 



678 Bulletin 320 

PART II. THE SWEET PEA IN BOTANY AND IN 
HORTICULTURE 

" Here are sweet peas, on tip-toe or a/light, 
With wings of gentle flush o'er delicate white. 
And taper fingers catching at all things. 
To bind them all about with tiny rings.'' 

Keats. 

HISTORY OF THE SWEET PEA 

Botanical history 

The earliest mention of the sweet pea was made in " Sillabus Plantarum 
Sicillffi-nuper detectarum a P. F. Franciscus Cupani " (Panormi, 1695). 
It is a very small work — duodecimo — and among the plants newly dis- 
covered is the " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et pera- 
moeno flore odoro." In 1696 the same writer issued " Hortus Catholicus 
Neapolitanus " (Ncapoli). Father Cupani* exhibited considerable zeal 
in distributing this Lathyrus and in 1699 sent seed to Dr. Uvedale at 
Enfield, England, and to Caspar Commelin at Amsterdam, Holland. 

Commelin published an illustration and description of the plant in his 
" Hort-Medici Amstelodamensis " (i 697-1 701). In his description he says: 

" I am sowing seeds of this most elegant and very pleasant plant 
lately received from the Reverendo Patri Francisco Cupani, who was 
pleased to communicate with me and to send me these from Panormo, 
together with other somewhat rare seeds, in the beginning of 1699; which 
being sown, in the same year produced flowers and seeds, of which plant, 
for the sake of the elegance and pleasantness which it possesses, I have 
wished to set forth a delineation and description by that name which the 
Revendus Pater Cupani has proposed for it in the catalogue of the most 
learned and excellent Catholic Prince. 

" This Lathyrus, an annual, rises to a height of 6 or 7 feet; the root is 
thin, the stalks compressed, solitary, projecting on both sides on these 
stand two wnde and oblong leaves on a foot stalk, which is compressed, 
foliated, and raised, which footstalk ends in tendrils. From the wings 
of the leaves on longer pedicels spring butterfly-like flowers which are 
large and have a ])urple standard, the remaining petals are sky-blue. 
These flowers have a very pleasant smell." 

Commelin adopted Cupani's name for the plant. 



* Father Cupani was a very devout and learned monk and an enthusiastic naturaUst. He was born 
in 1657 and became a monk in 1681, his order being located in the vicinity of Panormi. In addition to 
the two purely botanical works mentioned above he prepared an illustrated natural history of plants, 
fishes, animals, and so on, entitled " Pamphytum Siculum." This work was published in 1712, following 
the death of Cupani in 1711. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 



679 



The most noticeable thing about CommeKn's drawing is the way in 
which the wings are spread laterally, possibly due to the liberties 
taken by the artist, for we also discover a seed pod near the top of 
the stem above the flowers. 







c\ /Q^^ 


fe 


M^ 


q 




J^"' 


m 


m 




9^ 


1 * V- 


L^ 




V/^to 


v 


vfi 


l-4£ 


^^^^ 




^ 


•9 M^S!^ 


fcr' 


4 


X 






/-^ 


^S 




^pBB^- . 



Fig. 182. — The oldest drawing of the sweet pea, 1700. Commelin s draw- 
ing in Hort-Medici Amstelodamensis 

Dr. Leonard Plukenet,* in his " Almagesti Botanici Mantissa " (1700), 
gives a description of the sweet pea. A dried specimen of buds, flowers, 

* Dr. Leonard Plukenet (i 642-1 706). Apothecary at Westminstfr, where he had a botanic garden. 
Became superintendent of the gardens at Hampton Court, and Re. al Professor of Botany. Published 
several botanical works. 



68o Bulletin 320 

and leaves, preserved in Plukonct's Herbarium which forms a part of the 
Sir Hans Sloane Collection, is the oldest specimen of the sweet pea in 
existence. This specimen must date from about 1700 and undoubtedly 
came directly or indirectly from the garden of Dr. Uvedale. 

John Ray,'" author of " Historia Plantarum Generalis " (1688-1704), 
describes in the third volume of this work, which appeared in 1704: 
" Lathyrus Major e SiciHae; a very sweet-scented SiciHan flower, with 
a red standard; the lip-like petals surrounding the keel are pale blue. 
Its seed pod is hairy." In the same connection he refers to the plant as 
" Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
odoratissimo purpureo." The last word has been added to Cupani's 
description on the authority of D. Shcrard. 

In 1 7 13 Mr. Pctiver mentioned the i:)lant in the Philosophical Trans- 
actions, in a paper entitled " Botanicum Hortense III " giving an account 
of divers rare plants observed that summer ^ — -A. D. 1713- — -in several 
curious gardens about London, particularly in the Society of Apothe- 
caries Physick Garden at Chelsea. Pctiver calls the plant Lathyrus 
Sictilus, citing Boerhaave's " Index Plantanma quae Horto Academico 
Lugduno Batavo " (17 10) as authority. The great Dutch naturalist 
considered his plant as identical with Cupani's L. distoplatyphyllos. 
Petiver describes the plants as coming from Sicily and having large, broad, 
sweet-smelling flowers, with a red standard (vexillum) and blue wing 
petals, or, as he describes them, " petalis labialibus," wrapping around the 
" rostrum," or young ovary. " This elegant sweet-flowered plant," 
continues Petiver, " I first observed with Dr. Plukenetf in Dr. Uvedale's 
most curious garden at Enfield, and since at Chelsea and elsewhere. 
Neither Gerard nor Parldnson mentions the plant, which must have been 
introduced after their time." 

H. B. Ruppii, in " Flora Jenensis " (Francfort, 171S), places in a class 
of plants with irregular flowers, Lathyrus Siculus Ravini, and states: 
" In gardens they generally call it the musk-scented Lathyrus (L. mos- 
chatimi). Sometimes it varies with a white flower." Now if we examine 
Ravini's " Introductio Generalis " (Lipsiac 1 690-1699), we find that he 
figures " Lathyrus Siliquis hirsutis A., annual." He merely calls attention 
to the hairy pods, and this reference is extremely doubtful since there is 
a L. hirsutis, which is an annual, with hairy calyx and legume. 

Thus far all the authorities give Sicily as the original habitat of the sweet 
pea ; and the forms then known were a variety with a red or purple standard 
and blue wings, and, according to Ruppii, a variety with white flowers. 



*John Ray (1627-1705). One of the most distinguished of English naturalists. Author of many 
works, chief of which was " Historia Plantarum." 

t Plukenet died in 1706, therefore this sentence doubtless refers to observations made between 1 700 
and 1706 and not to the summer of 1713. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 68 i 

Burmann, in 1737, published his " Thesaurus Zeylanicus," wherein he 
mentions: " Lathyrus Zeylanicus odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro 
vario, Nobis. Lathyrus Zeylanicus hirsutis flore variegato odorato Herb. 
Hart. This plant differs from the L. odorato of Cupani only in the 
variety of the flower, and since it has been well described and set forth 
in Hort. Amst., part 2, p. 159, Fig. 80, we do not further describe it here, 
since also, in addition, these plants are well known to all since they fre- 
quently occur in our gardens." 

Regarding the reference to Herb. Hart., Burmann says: " Hartog, or 
Hertog, is a herbarimn which I keep and which contains very many most 
elegant Zeylanian plants, and was sent once by him from Zeylona to 
Cornelius Vossus, the gardener at Leyden." Burmann did not visit 
Ceylon, but received his specimens from others; and the early death of 
John Hartog,* who explored the island, prevented any correction of errors. 

Linnaeus, in " Hortus Cliff ortianus," 1737, p. 368, gives the following: 

" Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis. 

" Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 

" Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80, Boer. lugd. 2, p. 42. 

" Crescit in Si cilia. Sii nomini sides." 

Linnaeus published a work on the plants of Ceylon in 1747, but did not 
mention the sweet pea. In his " Hortus Upsaliensis, Stockholmiae " 
(1748) he referred to the sweet pea as follows: 

" 4 Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis, 
leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. CHff., 368. 

" a Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 

" Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80. 

"/S Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro vario. 
Burm. Zeyl., 138. 

" Habitat: « in SiciHa, [s in Zeylona. 

" Hospitatur in oUis annua. 

" Obf. Hacc coronaria, sauveolus, in /3 vexillum rubrum alae albae carina 
alba apice rusescente." 

From the above it will be seen that the great botanist makes two varie- 
ties, and recognizes first the Lathyrus Siculus of Boerhaave but gives the 
name of Commelin, who adopted that of Cupani, as a synonym; second, 
he admits the Zeylanian Lathyrus wholly on the authority of Burmann. 
It is thought by some that the omission of this plant from his work 
on Zeylanian plants led the botanists to call the attention of Linnaeus 

* John Hartog was trained in the Leyden Garden and made a journey to Ceylon at the instigation of 
Boerhaave and of William Sherard, Director of the Garden. He sent plants and seeds to Voss. He died 
in the prime of life from exposure and unsuitable food. 



682 Bulletin 320 

to the fact and that the above classification was made to correct this 
omission. 

PhiHp Miller, 1752, gives " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, 
magno et pcramocno florc odoro, Hort. Cath. Broadleaved, hairy, soft 
chichling with large and \'cry beautiful, sweet -smelling flower, commonly 
called sweet-scented peas." 

Linnaeus, 1753, in his great " Systema Plantarum Europae," classifies 
the sweet pea as follows: 

" Odoratus 11. Lathyrus pcdunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foUis 
ovato-oblongis, leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. Cliff. 368, Hort. Upsal. 
216, Roy. lugd. 363. 
" Siciilus « Lathyrus Siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 

Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno 
flore odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 219, t. 80. 
" Zeylanicus /8 Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et 
rubro vario. Burm. Zeyl., 138. 
" Habitat: « in Sicilia; jS in Zeylona." 

Here is the first use of the term " Odoratus " as a distinctive name. 

Kniphof, in his " Botanico in Originali " (i 757-1 763), gives colored 
illustrations of the pressed flowers of Painted Lady sweet pea. In Vol. II 
the stems bear two flowers, and in Vol. V there is only one flower on a stem. 
S. B. Dicks, who has written much on the history of the sweet pea, thinks 
that the first illustration is from a dried specimen, sent from Ceylon. 
He says: " The colors are those of the Painted Lad}' as now grown, but 
the standards are small and of poor r,ubstance, the wings being in each 
case the most prominent parts of the flowers." 

Mr. Dicks, who is an English authority on the history of the sweet pea, 
says that no mention is made of the sweet pea in Paoli Bocconi's " Icones 
Plantarum Siciliae " (Oxford, 1674), which he regards as a rather re- 
markable fact. The writer has had an opportunity to examine this work, 
among others, and he finds that Bocconi does not mention Lathyrus, 
Vetch, Orobus, or, in fact, any of the Leguminosae. As proof that the 
Lathyrus odoratus did not occur in Sicily this work is worthless. However, 
Mr. Dicks called the attention of G. Sprenger to the facts regarding the 
origin of the sweet pea, and the latter undertook an investigation. Mr. 
Sprenger reported to Mr. Dicks as follows:* 

" I retain that the plant is really a native of the two most important 
Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia. I have just come from Sicily, where 
I could see the ])lant in the neighborhood of Corleone, a town lying in 
the interior on a range of hills, and in several other wild regions round 



* " All about Sweet Peas," p. 21. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 



683 



about, together with other Papilionaceae. The plant has all the appearance 
of being of spontaneous form, and not an imported one. The above 
locality has been but very rarely visited and it is apparently to be ex- 
cluded that L. od. w^as brought there. It is surprising that the Lathyrus 
has been found Jn but a few places, but this does not mean much. From 
what I could de- 
duct, the plant 
grows in three or 
four places in Sic- 
ily and it has also 
been found in Sar- 
dinia. 

" Our most 
learned men re- 
tain that the La- 
thyrus is really an 
indigenous kind in 
Sicily, because it 
presents all the 
characters of 
being of spontane- 
ous growth. The 
flowers of our kind 
are purple (pur- 
purea), while 
those of Ceylon 
are rose-colored . 
This could be a 
variation due to 
the climate, but I 
was unable to find 
out if the Lathy- 
rus varies or if the 
white-flowered 
variety is found 
growing spontane- 
ously." 

It has already been noted that the early writers considered Sicily as 
the native country of the sweet pea. Bumiann was the first to catalog 
a sweet pea from Ceylon, which he admitted differed only in the color of 
the flowers from the Lathyrus described by Cupani. However, he pro- 
ceeded to found a new species upon the sole character of difference in 




Fig. 183. — Kniphof s figure of the sweet pea. (Kniphof, Botanico 
in Origlnali, 1757-1763) 



684 Bulletin 320 

color of the flowers. Linna?us, writing a flora of Ceylon ten years later, 
did not describe a sweet pea from there. Neither of these botanists 
visited the island, and none of the later works on the plants of Ceylon, 
including those of Trimen, niention Lathyrns odoratus as native of that 
island. 

The great mass of e\-idence, therefore, is in favor of Sicily as the original' 
home of the sweet pea. The question arises as to how Burmann could 
have been misled. May it not have happened that Voss had seeds of 
the sweet pea which were accidentally mixed or included with the col- 
lection of Ceylon seeds? The color of the flowers was different from 
existing varieties, being red and white. That this would naturally be the 
direction of variation is shown by the fact that the first Cupid was white, 
while the second variety, Pink Cupid, was red and white. The first of 
Burpee's bush form was of this color, wliich is an extremely precocious 
color. It would appear, since the sweet pea is never found in Ceylon, 
and also from the fact that Burmann was aware that his plant differed 
only in color of the flowers from Cupani's plant, that Lathyriis Zeylanicus 
Burm. was only a variation from the original fomi received from Sicily 
in 1699. 

British horticultural history 

The earliest trade mention of sweet peas, according to Beale,* is found 
in the catalog of Benjamin Townscnd (1724), who subscribes himself 
late gardener to Lord Middleton. He merely quotes sweet pea seed. 

Robert Ftu-ber offered seed of the purple variety of sweet pea. 

In " Twelve Months of Flowers " (1730), a set of engravings designed 
by Peter Casteels from the collection of Robert Furber, gardener at 
Kensington, and engraved by H. Fletcher, is to be found probably the 
first colored illustration of the sweet pea. The purple sweet pea is shown 
in the bouquet for the month of June. The fomi of the flower is very 
loose and irregular, with a small reflexed standard and \'cry large wings. 

In Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, first folio edition, 1731, is found the 
following, referring to the culture of Lathyrus Tingitanus and Lathyrus 
distoplatyphyllos : 

" The fifth and sixth sorts are annual plants which arc propagated only 
by seeds: these may be sown in March in the place where they arc to 
remain for good; being plants that seldom will grow, if transplanted, 
except it be done when they are ver\' young. These should be sown near 
a Pale, Wall, or Espalier, to which they may be trained, or, if sown in 
the open borders, should have stakes placed by them, to which they should 
be fastened; otherwise they will trail upon the ground and appear very 
unsightly; which is the only culture these plants require; except the 

* Gilbert Beale, in Gardeniiig World, 1900, pp. 741, 742, and 7f>S- 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 685 

cleaning of them from weeds. They produce their flowers in July and 
their seeds are perfected in August and September. But the best method 
to have them ver}' strong is, to sow their seeds in August under a warm 
wall or hedge where they will come up in the autumn and abide the winter 
very well; and these will begin to flower in May and continue to produce 
fresh flowers until July or later, according to the heat of the season; and 
one of these autumnal plants will be as large as fotu" or five of those sown 
in the spring and produce ten times the number of flowers; and upon 
these plants you will always ha\'e good seeds, when sometimes the other 
win miscarry; however, it is ver}^ proper to sow seeds at two or three 
different seasons in order to continue their flowers the longer ; for the late- 
planted ones "^dll continue blowing until the frost prevents them. 

" The sweet-scented sort is the most valuable both for beauty and 
fragrancy of its flowers. Of this sort there are two other varieties: one 
of these has pale red flowers, which are called by gardeners Painted Lady 
peas; the other hath entire white flowers; both these may be allowed a 
place in the borders of the flower garden for the sake of variety." 

From the preceding it is clear that three varieties were known at least 
as early as 173 1. In the eighth edition of the Gardeners Dictionary, 1768, 
the same varieties are again noted. 

James Justice, in the Scots Gardeners' Director (1754), criticised the 
catalogs of the Dutch seedsmen and nurserymen who were sending their 
catalogs tliroughout England. He says, " They are neither rightly named 
botanically or otherwise," and for illustration proceeds to quote from the 
*' Caalogus van Schoone Bloem-Zaaden te Vinden," by Dirk and Pierre 
Voorhelm, " Bloemists te Haarlem": "No. 176 Lathyrus odorante flore 
albo et rubro variegato"; "No. 177 Lath}ans odorante flore purp. et 
rubro variegato." 

Justice then proceeds as follows: " The first named is the Lathyrus 
angustifolius flore ex albo et rubro variegato odorato, mentioned by 
J. Bauhinus, 1650. This is the Painted Lady pea vulgo, a variety seminal 
of the 177 but not so sweet-smelled." Regarding No. 177 he says: " This 
is the Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos of Hort. Cathol., the sweet-scented pea 
■vulgo ; of this kind of pea there is both the purple and the white flowered 
forms." 

In the catalog for 1778 of W. Malcolm, seedsman, of Kensington Turn- 
pike, there were offered white, purple, and Painted Lady sweet peas. 

The Universal Gardener and Botanist of Mawe and Abercrombie, 1778, 
gives under La//z;TM5 : " Varieties of, are, purple-flowered sweet peas, white- 
flowered sweet peas, variegated or Painted Lady sweet-scented pea." 

The first evidence of improvement is noticed in the catalog of John 
Mason (original founder of the business of Cooper, Taber & Co.), published 



686 Bulletin 320 

in 1793 at The Sign of the Orange Tree in Fleet Street. He offered black, 
purple, scarlet, white, and Painted Lady peas. 

In Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, 1807, the sweet 
pea, with its varieties, is classified with the Lathyri: 

"With two-flowered peduncles: 

" Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Lathyn,is or pea 

L. Spec. 1032, Reich. 3. 465, Hort. Cliff. 368, Upsal. 216, Curtis Mag. 60 

Floribus albus White-flowered sweet pea 

Alis carinaque albis, vexillo carneo Old Painted Lady pea 

Alis carinaque carncis, vexillo rubro New Painted Lady pea 

Alis carinaque pallide coeruleus, vexillo atropurpiirea . . . . Common sort 
Carina pallide violacea, alis faturate violaceis, vexillo atropurpureo 
Peduncles two-flowered, tendrils two-leaved, leaflets ovate-oblong, 
legumes hirsute. 

" The sweet pea, as it is commonly called, is an annual plant which 
rises from three to four feet high by means of its long, clasping tendrils. 
The flower stalks come out at the points, are about six inches long, and 
sustain two large flowers which have a strong odour; and are succeeded 
by oblong, hairy pods having four or five roundish seeds in each. 

" In the common sort the corolla has dark purple standards, with the 
keel and wings of a Hght blue. Other varieties are the white; the pink 
with a white keel and wings pale blush color; the rose-coloured standard 
with keel and wings pale blue ; these that have a mixture of red with white 
or a pale blue are called Painted Lady dies. There is also a variety of the 
common dark sort with the keel pale violet and the wings dark violet, etc." 

Page, in his " Prodromus " (18 17), mentions a striped variety. 

Thorburn, in 1824, catalogued the following \-arieties of sweet peas: 

" Painted Lady — Lathyrus odoratus fl. carnea 
White — Lathyrus odoratus fl. albo 
Black — Lathyrus odoratus fl. obscuro 
Purple — Lathyrus odoratus fl. purpureo 
Scarlet — Lathyrus odoratus fl. roseo " 

A yellow sweet pea is designated as Lathyrus aphaca. In 1827 the same 
firm offered a striped variety. 

Roland Green, whose " Treatise on the Cultivation of Ornamental 
Flowers " (Boston, 1828) was the first distinctly floricultural book pub- 
lished in North America, speaks of sweet peas as follows : 

"Pea, sweet (Lathyrus odoratus) — There are many species as to color 
and fragrance. These are annual. The Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus C. 
folius) is perennial and produces many clusters of showy flowers, and 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 6S7 

remains in bloom a long time. The seed should be planted early in the 
spring." 

Edward Sayers, whose book " The American Flower Garden Com- 
panion " (Boston, 1838) was the second floricultnral book published in 
America, gives in the appendix of the book the following list: 

"Sweet pea. Painted Lady, Lathyrus odoratus. . . 4 ft. fleshed color 

White sweet pea Lathyrus alba 2 ft. white color 

Purple sweet pea Lathyrus fl. piirpurea 2 ft. piirple color 

Scarlet sweet pea Lathyrus fl. rosea 2 ft. scarlet color 

Striped sweet pea Lathyrus fl. striata 2 ft. striped color " 

Thus we see that all the varieties were known in this country previous 
to 1840. 

Mr. Carter (foimder of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. of Holborn) offered 
in 1837 the five varieties previously offered by Mason, and also the striped 
variety. 

In Mrs. London's " Ladies' Flower Garden of Ornamental Annuals " 
(1840) descriptions are given of a number of annual species of the genus 
Lathyrus, among them L. odoratus. Under the head of " Varieties " 
occurs the following: " There are six distinct kinds of sweet peas in 
constant cultivation, all of which, with very few exceptions, come true 
from seed. There are the purple, which has a standard of deep reddish 
purple, the wings pinkish, and the keel nearly white, and is a native of 
Sicily; the New Painted Lady, which has the standard deep rose colour, 
the wings pale rose, and the keel pure white, and is a native of Ceylon; 
the white sweet pea, which has flowers a pure white; the Old Painted 
Lady, which has the wings and keel white and the standard flesh-coloured ; 
the blue, which has the wings and keel a pale blue and the standard dark 
bluish purple; and the violet, which has the keel a pale violet, the wings 
a deep violet, and the standard a dark reddish purple." 

Between 1845 and 1849 the firm of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. introduced 
a New Striped Sweet Pea and a New Large Purple Sweet Pea. 

In 1850 Messrs. Noble, Cooper & Bolton (predecessors of Cooper, 
Taber & Co.) introduced a New Large Dark Purple. 

In i860 Mr. Carter offered nine varieties, besides a yellow-flowered 
variety and the variety Blue Edged. The last-named variety was white, 
with a well-marked blue edge, and it was stated that it was the result of 
many experiments made by Major Trevor Clarke, of Daventry, in cross- 
ing a pure white sweet pea with the perennial bright-blue-flowered Lord 
Anson's pea, L. Magellanicus. Later, in 1883, under the name " Blue 
Hybrid," this variety received the First Class Certificate of the Royal 
Horticultural Society. 



688 Bulletin 320 

It was in 1865 that the First Class Certificate of the Royal Horticultural 
Society was first awarded to a new sweet pea. This was the variety 
called Scarlet Invincible, exhibited by Steven Brown, of Sudbury, and 
offered in Carter's catalog for 1866, where it was both described and 
illustrated. This was the first illustration of a sweet pea novelty ever 
published in a seedsman's catalog. 

James Vick's " Illustrated Catalogue and Flower Guide " for 1870, 
under the division of Ornamental Climbers, gives the following varieties 
of sweet peas: Scarlet, Scarlet striped with White, White, Ptuplc striped 
with White, Painted Lady, Blue Edged, Black, Black with Light Blue, 
and Scarlet Invincible. 

The prices may be of interest, for Mr. Vick says: " I am so desirous to 
encotirage the general culture of this sweet flower that I have made the 
price very low — the papers are large and the price by the pound and ounce 
about cost." The first five varieties were offered at 10 cents per packet, 
20 cents per ounce, $3 per pound; Blue Edged, 30 cents per ounce, $4.50 
per pound; the last three, 15 cents per packet, 40 cents per ounce, $6 per 
pound; mixed seed, 10 cents per ounce, $1 per pound. 

About this time (previous to 1870) Messrs. Haage & Schmidt, of Erfurt, 
sent out Crown Princess of Prussia, the beautiful light pink variety. In 
1873-1874 the same firm sent out Fairy Queen, which was a leading 
variety for many years. Butterfly, quite similar to Blue Edged, was 
introduced by Sutton & Sons in 1878. A color plate of this appeared in 
The Garden, Vol. 13, 1878, p. 44. 

Messrs. Carter had the honor of publishing the first colored illustration 
of a new sweet pea to appear in a seedsman's catalog, when they sent 
out Violet Queen in 1877. 

Prior to 188 1 the following varieties had appeared: Purple, White, 
Painted Lady, Scarlet, Black, Piu-ple, Striped White, New Painted Lady, 
Large Dark Purple, Yellow, Blue Edged, Scarlet Invincible, Scarlet 
striped with White, Black Invincible, Crown Princess of Prussia, Fairy 
Queen, Purple Invincible, Invincible Striped Violet Queen, Heterosperma, 
The Queen, Captain Clarke, and Imperial Purple. The opening decade 
(1880), however, was to witness great things for the sweet pea, for about 
this time two capable florists began work on the improvement of the flower. 
Those men were Thomas Laxton and Henry Eckford. 

Mr. Laxton, of Bedford, commenced about 1S77 and for several years 
worked assiduously in this field. In 1883 he won a First Class Certificate 
from the Royal Horticultural Society for the excellent variety Invincible 
Carmine. It is said that this variety is the earliest recorded from cross- 
fertilization, for, although the exact varieties are unknown, it was a cross 
of a red-flowered with a. purple-flowered variety. Mr. Laxton appears 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 689 

to have made many crosses, using the best varieties known at the time 
as well as his own best seedHngs. Among the varieties introduced by him 
are Etna, Madame Camot, Invincible Blue, Carmen Silva, and Rising Sun. 

After Mr. Laxton's death the work was carried on by his sons, who 
introduced Princess May and Sultan. They also made crosses of the 
Cupids, of which mention is made under that division of our subject. 

Mr. Eckford began his work of improving sweet peas about 1870, while 
in charge of the gardens of Doctor Sankey at Boreatton. His collection 
consisted of the varieties known as White, Scarlet, Black, Painted Lady, 
and Butterfly. Later he started in business for himself at Wem, Shrop- 
shire, a small village but a place which he has made famous throughout 
the world. Here he worked, crossing and intercrossing all the varieties. 
His first notable result was Bronze Prince, which was exhibited before, 
and awarded a First Class Certificate by, the Royal Horticultural Society, 
August 8, 1882. This variety was sent out by W. Bull. Year by year 
the introduction of new varieties was forwarded, despite the claims of 
some persons during the earlier years that Mr. Eckford's varieties were 
no better than existing varieties. Steadily he kept at work, bringing out 
new varieties that were of improved size, form, or color. In the early 
nineties his varieties caused a sensation in America, and under the leader- 
ship of the Reverend W. T. Hutchins there was great enthusiasm in growing 
sweet peas for exhibition, and above all for hoine decoration. This 
supplied the required stimulus, largely lacking at home, for Mr. Eckford 
to put forth his best efforts, and the result is the remarkably long list of 
meritorious varieties that he sent out. 

Aside from Bronze Prince, the following are some of the early Eckford 
varieties: Blue King, Charming, Duchess of Albany, Princess, Grandeur, 
Emperor, Black Prince, Leviathan, Rosalind, Maggie Ewing, Salmon 
Queen, Lavender Gem, Empress Victoria, Queen of Roses, Queen of 
Stripes, Purple Queen. How many of these were introduced we have 
been unable to ascertain. 

In 1885 Mr. Eckford introduced Queen of the Isles and Grand Blue; 
in 1886 or previously. Cardinal, Indigo King, Princess of Wales, and 
Miss Ethel. These were offered in the United States by Joseph Breck 
in 1886. The varieties introduced in 1885, together with Miss Ethel, 
were also offered by Peter Henderson. 

In 1887 Mr. Eckford sent out Duchess of Edinburgh, Imperial Blue, 
Isa Eckford, Orange Prince, and The Queen. These were offered by 
Breck the same year. Miss Hunt was also probably sent out this year. 
The following varieties were sent out in succeeding years: 

In 1888, Apple Blossom, Boreatton, Mauve Queen, Queen of England, 
and Splendour. 



Gqo Bi'lletin 320 

In 1889, Captain of the Blues, Deli<j;ht, Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. Sankey, 
and Purple Prince. 

In i8qo. Alba Magna, Countess of Radnor, Lottie Eckford. 

In 1 89 1, Dorothy Tennant, Duke of Clarence, Empress of India, Mon- 
arch, Princess Victoria, and Senator. 

In 1892, Emily Eckford, Her Majesty, Ignea, Lemon Queen, Mrs. 
Eckford, and Waverly. 

In 1893, Blushing Beauty, Firefly, Gaiety, Lady Beaeonsfield, Lady 
Penzance, Ovid, Peach Blossom, Royal Robe, Stanley, and Venus. 

In 1894, Blanche Burpee, Duke of York, Duchess of York, Eliza Eck- 
ford, Meteor, Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain, Novelty, and The Belle. 

In 1895, Alice Eckford, Captivation, Countess of Aberdeen, Crown 
Jewel, Little Dorrit, and Mikado. These were offered by the Reverend 
Mr. Hutchins in 1896. 

In 1896, Coquette, Countess of Shrewsbury, Lovely, Mars, Prima Donna, 
and Royal Rose, which were offered in the United States in 1897 by Burpee 
and the Reverend Mr. Hutchins. 

In 1897, Countess of Powis, Lady Nina Balfour, Prince Edward of 
York, Queen Victoria, Triumph, Salopian, and Shahzada. 

In 1898, Black Knight, Chancellor, Colonist, Duchess of Sutherland, 
Lady Grizel Hamilton, Lady Mary Currie, and Prince of Wales. 

In 1899, Countess Cadogan, Duke of Westminster, The Honorable 
F. Bouvcrie, Lady Skelmersdalc, Mrs. Dugdale, Othello, and Sadie Burpee. 

In 1900, Calypso, Countess of Lathom, Duchess of Westminster, 
Fascination, Lord Kenyon, and Mrs. Fitzgerald. 

The two-hundredth anniversary of the introduction of the sweet pea 
was celebrated by the Sweet Pea Bi-Centcnary Celebration in London in 
1900. Including the introductions of that year, there had been two 
hundred and sixty-foiir varietal names of the tall-growing type of sweet 
peas catalogued. This included all the indeterminate variety names, as 
Purple, Purple Black, Purple Brown, Purple Striped, Light Blue and 
Purple, Red Striped, Striped Red and White, Striped Scarlet, Scarlet, 
Dark Red, Red striped with White, and so on; also, slight variations in 
color, form, and the like, as Striped Celestial, Light Gaiety, Extra Early 
Blanche Ferry, New Countess, and others, as well as the double sweet peas. 

Out of this extensive list not more than one hundred and seventy-five 
varieties had been catalogued by any seed firm; the remainder were scat- 
tering introductions, some of which were not listed for more than one 
year. Mr. Eckford is responsible for one hundred and fifteen varieties. 
The relative superiority of the Eckford varieties is seen when we examine 
the lists of this period, for we find, for example, in Burpee's catalog for 
1899, one hundred and forty varieties exclusive of doubles and cupids, 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 691 

and eighty of those are varieties originated at Wem. One fifth of the 
remainder are of the old varieties introduced prior to 1880. As late as 
1907 we find that in Mr. Morse's list of the fifty leading varieties, based 
on the amount of seed of each demanded by the trade, twenty-eight of 
the varieties originated on Eckford grounds. In his selection of the best 
fifty varieties Mr. Morse included thirty-one Eckford varieties — a truly 
remarkable record of achievement for one man as against the field, espe- 
cially when we take into consideration also the fact that after Mr. Eckford 
had " broken the type " many of the results obtained in CaUfomia were 
rendered possible. 

Mr. Eckford's further introductions are as follows : 

1 90 1, Coccinea, George Gordon, Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon, Lady 
Onnsby-Gore, Miss Wilmott. 

1902, Gracie Greenwood, JeanrJe Gordon, Lord Rosebery. 

1903, Agnes Johnston, Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VII, Mrs. 
Walter Wright. 

1904, Mrs. Knights-Smith, Marchioness of Cholmondeley. 

1905, Black Michael, David R. Williamson, Princess Maud of Wales, 
Romolo Piazzani. 

1006, Henry Eckford, Queen Alexandra, Sybil Eckford. 

1907, Agnes Eckford, Earl Cromer, Horace Wright, Maud Guest, Queen 
of Spain. 

1908, H. J. R. Digges, James Grieve, May Perrett, Mima Johnston, 
Primrose Waved, Purple King, White Waved. 

1909, Annie B. Gilroy, Dodwell F. Browne, Mrs. Charles Masters. 

1 9 10, Mary Vipan, Mrs. E. Gilman, Vicomte de Janze. 

American horticultural history 
The first American variety of sweet peas was that epoch-making variety, 
Blanche Ferry, introduced by D. M. Ferry & Co. in 1889. It was de- 
lineated by a colored plate, which was the first colored plate of a sweet 
pea to appear in an American seed catalog. This variety was derived 
from the Old Painted Lady.* Then followed Captain Sharkey (Breck, 
1889), Joanna Theresa (Breck, 1889), Alba Magnifica (Henderson, 1891), 
Blushing Bride (Breck, 1891), and Emily Henderson (Henderson. 1893). 
The last-named variety was for many years the standard white, and 
florists especially preferred it. In 1894 W. Atlee Burpee & Co. intro- 
duced American Belle, and Breck sent out Harvard. In 1895 D. M. 
Ferry & Co. introduced Extra Early Blanche Ferry and Katherine Tracy. 
In 1896 Burpee sent out Daybreak, originated by the Reverend Mr. 
Hutchins, and also Grey Friar, Juanita, Oddity, and Ramona. The 

* For an account of the origin of Blanche Ferry, see Bulletin 319 of this station, page 625. 



692 Bulletin 320 

same year James Vick's Sons introduced the first of the double class in 
Bride of Niagara, which was a double strain of Blanche Ferry or its 
prototype. The sensational novelty Cupid, which is the most extraordinary 
departure }'et found among sweet peas, was sent out in this year also. 

Mr. Burpee's introductions for 1897 included Aurora, Brilliant, Creole, 
Golden Gate, Maid of Honor, and Wawona. Mr. Lynch distributed 
California, Emily Lynch, and the Bride. The Sunset Seed Company 
introduced Golden Gleam and Red Riding Hood — the latter being the 
first of the Snapdragon type. Mr. J. C. Vaughan sent out America, 
the best of the stripes. Mr. Walker sent out Coronet. Mr. Brock dis- 
tributed Snowflake, and the Reverend Mr. Hutchins sent out Columbia. 

The new varieties introduced by Messrs. Burpee in 1898 were Dolly 
Varden, Lottie Hutchins, Modesty, Oriental, Sensation, and Stella Morse. 
In 1899 the same firm sent out Fashion, Gorgeous, Navy Blue, Pink 
Friar, and also the first of the bush type, namely, Grey Friar Bush. Mr. 
Walker sent out Oregonia. 

In 1900 Burpee distributed Admiration, Surprise, Snapdragon, and 
Sunproof Salopian; in 1901, Majestic; m 1902, American Queen, Golden 
Rose, Salvation Lassie, and Reselected Extreme Early Earliest of All. 
Messrs. Ferry sent out Josephine White and Inconstancy. 

In 1903, Janet Scott, Sue Earl, and Dainty were distributed by Burpee. 

During 1904, Earliest Sunbeams and White Wonder were sent out by 
Burpee; Mr. Vaughan distributed Bridesmaid, E\'ening Star, Flora 
Norton, Florence Eraser, Mrs. George Higginson, Jr., Speckled Beauty. 
Sunrise, and Sunset. Messrs. IMorse and Vaughan each introduced 
Nymphaea, and Morse sent out also Shasta. 

In 1905 Burpee introduced Mrs. Sydenham. (This name was dropped 
for Helen Lewis, which name was adopted by the English National Sweet 
Pea Society.) Morse introduced Helen Pierce. Henderson sent out 
Phenomenal and Doinino. 

In 1906 Burpee distributed Earliest White. 

In 1907, Brilliant Blue was sent out by Burpee and Mr. Vaughan 
introduced Coral Gem. 

The new American sweet peas for 1908 included Burpee's Apple Blos- 
som, Spencer, Primrose Spencer, and White Spencer. Messrs. C. C. 
Morse & Co. introduced Florence Morse Spencer. 

In 1909 Messrs. Morse introduced Captain of the Blues, Spencer, 
Flora Norton Spencer, and Tennant Spencer. The varieties Aurora 
Spencer, Asta Ohn Spencer, Beatrice Spencer, King Edward Spencer, 
Mrs. Routzahn S])encer, Mrs. Sankey Spencer, Ramona Spencer. Queen 
Victoria Spencer, and Lo\'ely Spencer were catalogued by Burpee and by 
Morse for the first time in this year. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 693 

Miriam Beaver, Marie Corelli, Senator Spencer, and W. T. Hutchins 
were introduced in igio by Messrs. Burpee and Morse. 

The igii introductions include Dainty Spencer, Ethel Roosevelt, Rose 
de Barri, Purple Prince Spencer, America Spencer, and Emily Eckford 
Spencer. 

Truly a long list. Among them are some of the finest varieties of 
sweet peas yet introduced, which indicates that the American growers can 
equal those of any country in the world. The cupid, or dwarf, pea, the 
bush and the winter-flowering types, all distinct in habits of growth, were 
first discovered on this side of the Atlantic. Since the introduction of 
Countess Spencer many excellent varieties of waved form have been 
developed, and this work of crossing and selecting is going steadily for- 
ward. Judging from the record made by the very small numbei- of Ameri- 
can breeders, what would America accomplish if she had even one half 
the number of English producers ! 

EVOLUTION 

During the first one hundred years of the history of the sweet pea, 
only three varieties, or colors, were known — purple with blue wings, pale 
red with white wings (Painted Lady), and white. The black and the 
scarlet appeared in the last years of the eighteenth century. It is quite 
probable that the scarlet v^^as very far from what we to-day conceive that 
a scarlet sweet pea should be. In Martyn's edition of Miller's Garden- 
ers Dictionary, 1807, we find the white, the Old Painted Lady, the New 
Painted Lady (the latter with a rose-colored standard and pale rose wings), 
the Old Purple, and a variety having a violet keel and wings and a purple 
standard. Sayers describes the scarlet sweet pea as Lathyrus flore rosea, 
while the Painted Lady is described as " fleshed " color. From this it 
may be concluded that the New Painted Lady, a rose-colored variety, was 
sometimes called scarlet. 

The first of the striped varieties was oftered in 1837, and since that 
date this group has been augmented until the classification now includes 
Striped and Flaked (red and rose, purple and blue). This classification, 
however, does not express the real range of color in this group, for we have 
crimson stripes, as in America; red and rose stripes on white, in Aurora; 
red and rose stripes on primrose, in Jessie Cuthbertson; mauve stripes, in 
Gaiety; blue stripes, in Prince Olaf and Hester; maroon-flaked, as in 
Senator. The Am.erican growers have introduced the majority of the 
best varieties of this group, among which are America, Aurora, Columbia, 
Daybreak, Grey Friar, Juanita, Pink Friar, Ramona, and Wawona. Many 
of these are now procurable in the waved form. 



694 Bulletin ,^20 

The variety Blue Edj^ed, the probable forerunner of the picotec forms, 
appeared in i860. This was a white variety with a well-defined blue 
edge, a possible hybrid between L. Magellanicus and a white variety of 
L. odoratus. The variety, at all events, was the first to exhibit a distinct 
blue color among sweet peas. Later it was known as Blue Hybrid, under 
which name it won an award from the Royal Horticultural Society. Sutton 
& Son sent out Butterfly* in 1878, which somewhat resembled Blue 
Edged. The so-called " blues " that followed were Invincible Blue, 
Madame Carnot or Imperial Blue, and Captain of the Blues, all of which 
had considerable red in the standard. It was not until 1899 that a good 
blue appeared, in Navy Blue (Lord Nelson). 

The first of the soft pink varieties was Crown Princess of Prussia, 
1 868-1 869, Isa Eckford, Peach Blossom, and Lovely are the improved 
varieties of this color. 

The efforts of the breeders of sweet peas ha\^e not all been directed 
toward the development of new shades of color; the form of the flower, 
also, has received attention. The earliest representations of sweet pea 
flowers show a loose, irregular bloom, with the edges of the standard 
turned back, that is, rcflcxcd. Often, if not always, the standard had 
a notch in the apex and frequently in the margin. The standard, which 
is the principal part of the flower, has been impro\^ed in substance and 
the notches have been eliminated. The old type had a narrow base, 
and with the improvement noted has come a filling-out of the lower edges 
of the standard so that the outline approaches a circle. 

In the efforts to produce varieties of the best expanded, or open, form, 
many beautiful hooded varieties were originated. While this form was 
condemned as inartistic by many sweet pea specialists, it nevertheless re- 
ceived a permanent place. Prima Donna, Lovely, and Countess of 
Radnor are of this form. 

When many persons had reached the conclusion that no further advances 
in either form or size were to be expected, and that the efforts of future 
breeders would be directed toward securing new colors and more flowers 
on a stem. Nature dem.onstrated that she had other surprises in store. 
In 1 90 1 the Countess Spencer variety was exhibited and caused a consider- 
able sensation. The National Sweet Pea Society awarded it the highest 
honors. This variety was distinct from all preceding introductions 
because the standards and wings were waved. The flowers were very 
large and were borne in fours on stout stems. The variety was intro- 
duced in 1904. 

The parentage of this variety has been given as (Lovely x Triumph 
X Prima Donna 1899. However, there appeared in 1905 a variety 



♦See color plate in The Garden, 13 (1878), p. 44. 



Ph 




Culture of the Sweet Pea 695 

named Glach'S Unwin, which has the same color but is smaller and less 
waved than Countess Spencer and which was a selection from Prima 
Donna without known crossing having been effected. These varieties, 
however, were forerunners of the new type which revolutionized sweet 
pea culture in England and has revived and qmckened the interest in 
America. 

POLLINATION 

We have previously noted that the pistil and stamens are enclosed 
by the partial coalescing of the two lower petals. A very slight pressure 
on the base of the keel will cause the pistil to appear suddenly in the 
tip of the keel; the stigmatic surface is usually covered with pollen. At 
the same time the stamens appear to view. If the pressure is released 
these organs disappear as suddenly from view. 

Those who are looking for flower adaptations for the promotion of 
cross-fertilization would say at once that here we have a mechanism that 
is operated by the weight of a bee alighting on the keel; the pistil and 
stamens rise up, striking the bee on the body and receiving and giving 
pollen. Thus, as the insect visits flower after flower, natural cross-fer- 
tilization is brought about. 

This, however, is not the case. In the first place, if we examine flowers 
in the bud stage we find the pollen ripe. The position and condition 
of the stigma change, for before the maturation of the pollen the stigma 
is below the anthers. A day or two later the stigma has risen to a position 
among the anthers and is viscid enough to hold the pollen grains. In 
another day or two it has grown beyond the anthers. Self-fertilization 
has taken place and the development of the legume has begun. This 
process has taken place before the flower is fully open. Sometime later 
the pistil is pushed out of the protecting keel by the developing pod. 

Such is the normal fertilization of sweet peas, as observed on examina- 
tion of the flowers. Attention has been called to the fact that the sweet 
pea stood practically still for one hundred years, and the question has 
been asked how this can be reconciled with natural cross-fertiHzation. 

During the writer's experience in the field each season for three months 
studying varieties and recording observations, not a single instance occurred 
of a bee alighting on the keel of the flower, nor were any bees observed 
crawling between the wings. All the bees observed visiting the flowers 
alighted on the outside of the wings and, in practically every case, thrust 
the proboscis down between the right wing and the standard. In this 
connection it may be mentioned that the bees did pot show a preference 
for any particular color, but flew from row to row and from color section 
to color section. 



696 Bulletin 320 

T. H. Dipnall has observed that bees attack sweet pea flowers. The 
bee (a ycllow-and-white-banded species) alights on the calyx, crawls 
around it to a certain position, and cuts a hole through the calyx so that 
it can thrust its proboscis through and suck the nectar at the base of 
the pod. The reason is not clear why the insect prefers one side of the 
flower, since the structure is similar on both sides. 

It is to be remembered in this discussion that sweet peas under glass 
in ^vinter are not visited by bees, but every flower will set seed in sunny 
weather if the blooms are not kept cut. 

Since the introduction of the waved type there has been much discussion 
about the diffleulty in fixing varieties and the reasons for it. Some growers, 
having secured what was to all indications a fixed stock, have discovered, 
after sending it out, that it was not fixed. Some of these growers thought 
that this occurred only when the novelty was sent to California for working 
up a large stock of seed, or after it had passed into the hands of the Cali- 
fornia growers. One of the theories advanced to explain this was that 
a certain insect in California was responsible for some cross-pollination 
of flowers. In the trials at this station during the past season no difterence 
was observed between English or American- grown stock, since we had 
seeds of novelties direct from the originators and our varieties were from 
the introducers. 

Other growers say that bees visit the flowers, and they believe that 
crossing takes place in the waved type, which, it is maintained, does not 
produce nonnal flowers in that the pistil sometimes projects beyond 
the keel. It appears that, if this view is coiTcct, the poor seedling of 
the waved type would not occur, or at least that the worse the fault of 
the flowers, the greater the crop of seed. Thus, the varieties that seeded 
freely would become cheap and drive out the others. The writer thinks 
that the results obtained by the seed growers contradict the theory. It 
appears that the poor setting of seed ma}^ be due to the fact that the pistil 
may grow out beyond the anthers before the latter are mature, and thus 
fertilization can be prevented by irregular development of the parts; 
otherwise, the pollen may be impotent in some varieties, but this does 
not occur so far as the writer has studied the reports of the sweet pea 
breeders. The writer did not observe any pistils showing the defect 
mentioned, but as the season here was very dry the plants did not make 
an exceptional growth which would be likely to express itself in abnomial 
flowers exhibiting the pistil. However, it was observed that some vari- 
eties seeded more freely than others. Most of the varieties were planted 
here in 191 1 from seeds saved in 19 10 and, knowing those that were 
fixed the previous year as well as those with rogues of certain colors, 
it is thought that some light may come on this matter of cross-fertil- 
ization, if there be any, in the sweet pea. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 697 

DWARF sweet PEAS 

The dwarf, or cupid, sweet peas are varieties that grow only five to 
eight inches high, with a spread of twelve to fifteen inches in diameter. 
The prociimbent stems are stout, vigorous, short, jointed, and freely 
branching. The foliage is a deep green. The leaflets are small and the 
tendrils short. The flowers, which are of the size of those of the tall 
varieties, are borne, two or three in niomber, on short stems three or four 
inches in length. 

The dwarfing has been accomplished by an extreme reduction in length 
of the intemodes, for an examination of the plants reveals the fact that 
they have as many intemodes as, or more than, the tall type. 

The cupid sweet peas originated in 1893 at Santa Clara, Cal., on the 
grounds of C. C. Morse & Co., the largest growers of sweet pea seed. 
The plant was found growing among plants of the tall-growing variety, 
Emily Henderson. Naturally, this remarkable sport was preserved 
and its dwarf character proved to be so fixed that it is recorded that when 
Messrs. Morse grew seven acres of this novelty, in 1895, none of the plants 
reverted to the normal climbing type. 

W. Atlee Burpee purchased the variety in 1894 and had it grown in 
England by James Douglas, where in June, 1895, it was exhibited before 
the Royal Horticiiltural Society and was given, by unanimous vote of 
the committee, an award of merit. The same year it was given an award 
of merit by the National Horticultural Society of France. 

In Burpee's circular to the trade, July, 1895, this white-flowered variety 
was described It is a singular fact that but for this trade announcement 
a similar dwarf form would have been offered by Ernest Benary, of Erfurt, 
Germany, in 1896 or 1897, probably under the name of Tom Thumb 
White. It was such a complete description of his variety that the simi- 
larity was recognized and Mr. Benary published in his catalog the name 
of his novelty as a synonym of Cupid, thus preventing confusion. 

In 1895 a similar dwarf appeared on the grounds of Henry Eckford at 
Wem, England. There is also some evidence that a similar form was 
found in 1895 among plants of the Old White grown in southern France. 

This remarkable instance of synchronistic variation appeared in three 
or four widely separated localities within a period of two years. Singularly 
enough, so far as known, all these dwarfs had white flowers and white 
seeds and developed among white varieties.* 

This novelty attracted considerable attention everywhere, especially 
among sweet pea lovers, and was offered to the public in i8q6. Un- 
fortunately Cupid, afterward known as White Cupid, the forerunner of 

* A notable and somewhat similar case was the appearance of the dwarf lima beans, but here we find 
the origin extending over a period of twenty years and the varieties are simultaneous only in the date 
of introduction. Moreover, we have very distinct varieties originating from very distinct climbing vari- 
eties of lima beans of two species. 



69S Bulletin 320 

the race, was white- seeded like the jsarent and gemiinated very poorly, 
especially the year of its introduction. It appears that even among 
white-seeded peas this is ]jrobably the most sensitive to unfavorable 
conditions during gemiination. 

Pink Cupid was disco\'ered among plants of Blanche Ferry in 1895 and 
was introduced by Burpee in 1898. Burpee had purchased the stock of 
1,068 seeds, for which he reported paying the sum of $1 ,500 — probably 
the largest sum ever paid for a new variety of sweet jjeas. This variety 
was similar to Blanche Ferry in all characteristics except its dwarf 
habit. 

A yellow sport found among White Cupid was introduced by Burpee 
in 1899 as Primrose Cupid. 

During the seven years following the introduction of the original Cupid 
sweet pea a great number of varieties appeared, reproducing all the known 
colors and types of the tall-growing varieties. " Several of our best 
Cupids," says Morse, " were found originally in the tall varieties but the 
majority were developed by crossing."* 

Laxton Brothers, of Bedford, England, began crossing upon Cupid soon 
after its introduction, and at the bicentenary celebration in 1900 it was 
reported that this firm had dwarf counterparts of Purple, Dark Blue 
Striped, Captain Clarke, Rose, Light Blue Striped, Invincible Blue, 
Invincible Carmine, Invincible Red, Invincible Black, Sultan, Rising Sun, 
Boreatton, Princess Beatrice, Princess May, Princess of Wales, Etna, 
Vesuvius, Indigo King, Pale Madame Carnot, Waverly, Primrose, Carmine 
Striped, and Countess of Radnor. 

It will be noticed that many of these were representatives of tall varie- 
ties that were obsolete or were passing out, and of course were not equal 
to such varieties of Cu])id as Beauty, Alice Eckford, and Firefly, which 
had been introduced by that time. 

Varieties of cupid sweet peas 

White, or " Cupid," 1896 

Pink, 1898 

Alice Eckford, 1899 

Beauty, 1899. Similar to Eliza Eckford 

Primrose, 1899 

Boreatton, 1900 

Countess of Radnor, 1900 

Firefly, 1900 

Apple Blossom, 1901 



* Waldo E. Rohnert reports the results of crossing the tall varieties upon the Cupid sweet pea in Bulletin 
127 (1897), Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. 



Bulletin 320 



Plate III 




Dwarf siueet peas 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 699 

Captain of the Blues, 1901 

Chamberlain, 1901. Similar to Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain 

Royalty, 1901. A dark Royal Rose 

Stella Morse, 1901 

America, 1902 

Her Majesty, 1902 

Lottie Eckford, 1902 

Bridesmaid, 1903 

Enchantress, 1903. A dark Lovely 

Mauve Queen, 1903 

Extra Early Blanche Ferry, 1903 

Sadie Burpee, 1903 

Lady Mary Currie, 1904 

Prima Donna, 1904 

Prince of Wales, 1904 

Salopian, 1904 

Emily Eckford 

Lovely 

Navy Blue 

Waverly 

Ovid 

Ramona 

Unpopularity oj the type 

The cupid sweet peas have never been very popular for several reasons. 
Many persons apparently expected this dw^arf type to furnish long-stemmed 
blossoms for cutting, thus relieving them of the necessity of providing 
supports for the plants. The short stems of this type were therefore 
a disappointment to such persons and they unhesitatingly condemned it 
for any purpose. In answer to the claims m.ade that the plant was adapted 
for use as an edging or for bedding, it was urged that the blooming period 
was too short — not allowing for the fact that the dwarf type behaves 
similarly to the tall type and ceases to bloom if the pods are not removed. 
For no other reason this sweet pea has been ignored by many seedsmen, 
while some inferior trailing plants are still offered in their catalogs. The 
dwarf sweet pea has the advantage of many border plants in its great 
variety of colors. 

In part the unpopularity of the plant has been due to the fact that 
the White Cupid did not germinate very successfully, especially the first 
year of its introduction, thus affecting the popularity of this whole race. 
The black-seeded varieties give a high percentage of germination, so that 
poor germination is not an inherent fault of the race. 



700 Bulletin 320 

The dense foliage and growth of the plants make a thick carpet over 
the surface of the ground, and in a wet season the result is usually failure. 
The flower buds drop off and the plants do not thrive even if they do 
not become subject to disease. The foregoing reasons explain why this 
type has not been very successful in English gardens. 

In California, where the summers are long and dry, the cupid sweet 
peas thrive. During hot, dry summers in the Eastern States, when the 
tall varieties are subjected to very trying conditions, the cupid sweet 
peas grow and bloom abundantly. In 19 10, ten 20-foot rows of different 
varieties of the dwarf type were grown at this station. When the tall 
kinds were having a struggle with the drought under a temperatm-e of 
ninety degrees or more, the cupids, in the highest and driest position in 
the field, grew and blossomed profusely. They were admired by all who 
saw them and many questions were asked as to what they were, whether 
they were of recent introduction (new), and where they could be 
obtained. 

The conditions necessary for the successful culture of the dwarf sweet 
peas appear to be a rather dry, moderately rich soil, a dry, hot season, 
good cultivation, and prompt removal of the withered flowers and pods. 
The seed may be sown in single rows, twin rows, or scattered in a broad 
drill ten or twelve inches in width. For the purposes mentioned the 
distinct colors are preferred. Among the best varieties are White, Pink 
(Blanche Ferry Cupid), Countess of Radnor, and Prima Donna. 

GARDEN CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA 

The soil 

Site. — An open, sunny location should be chosen, so as to provide 
plenty of light and air. Plants grown in too shady a position are weak 
and spindling in growth, i^roducing few flowers. A little shade from the 
scorching, midday suns of July and August is desirable, especially for 
preserving certain colors. 

Any ordinary garden soil is suitable for sweet peas, provided it is 
sufficiently drained so that in periods of excessive rains the water will 
not lie on the surface, causing the plants to become yellow and the roots 
to decay, or starting mildew. vSoil stiitable for the growing of vegetables 
will give fairly good results, but extra care in the selection and preparation 
of the soil will be repaid in larger flowers, longer stems, better colors, and 
a longer blooming period. 

Preparation. — The sweet pea is a deep-rooting plant, and in order to 
provide suitable conditions so that the effects of drought are overcome 
the preparation must be dec]j and thorough. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 701 

Whatever the soil, unquestionably the best preparation is made by 
trenching the soil in the autumn.* When, owing to expense, the soil 
cannot be completely trenched, practically the same result may be accom- 
plished by digging a trench fifteen inches wide for each row. The soil 
should be broken up to a depth of fifteen inches to two feet, and on some 
soils even deeper. Unless the soil is very unifomi in composition, it is 
disastrous to bring the bottoin soil to the surface; but this should be 
turned over in the trench, mixing with it, if heavy and compact, rather 
coarse stable manure or litter. Sometimes leaves are available for placing 
in the bottom of the trench. The use of these materials in subsoil pro- 
motes drainage, as well as improves the soil. 

If a good layer (four inches) of half-rotted stable or cow manure is 
placed between the top and bottom spadefuls, and the top soil, if heavy, 
made light with old manure, an excellent preparation has been made. 
The office of the manure is not only to increase the store of plant food, 
but also to increase the water-holding power. 

Bone meal, applied at the rate of one ounce per yard of trench, is 
essential. 

A good dusting of air-slaked lime applied while working the soil in the 
autumn is very beneficial. Many soils that have been cultivated for 
a long time are acid, so that legimiinous plants, such as clover or sweet 
peas, will not grow, or, at least, do not thrive. Lime corrects tliis acid 
condition and, furthermore, it releases plant food that would not other- 
wise be available in soils which are not acid. Clay soils are made more 
open and porous by the use of lime. 

Deep preparation not only promotes available fertility, but also increases 
the area in which moisture and nourishment may be found, and the plant 
responds by sending feeding roots in all directions. 

While it must not be inferred that sweet peas can be grown only in 
deeply trenched and prepared soils, it is true that only under exceptional 
conditions are the results satisfactory when this is not done. Uniformly, 
year after year, the sweet peas with the strongest root systems will pro- 
duce the finest flowers during the longest period. 

The seed 

Some white-flowered varieties have white or light-colored seeds, and 
some have black seeds. The white seeds often give trouble by rotting 
in the soil — especially if planted early when the soil is cold — or because 
their germinating power has been impaired; also they frequently split 
in the pod before harv^esting and in this condition are likely soon to lose 



* The texture of clay soils is sensibly altered when fall-plowed or stirred and exposed to the action of 
frost. 



702 Bulletin 320 

their vitality. For the forej^oing reasons it is advisable to sow seeds of 
this color rather thicker than, or not so deep as, the black-seeded varieties. 

In some seasons, sweet pea seeds are slow in germinating. It is well 
to examine such seeds in order to ascertain their condition. If the seeds 
are found dormant but still fresh and plump, the seed coats should be 
cut with a sharp knife and replanted, when they will germinate well. 
This difficulty is not confined to the sweet pea, but some of the other 
Lathyri behave similarly. The trouble usually follows a very hot, dry 
season, when the seed becomes so excessively ripened as to render the seed 
coat impervious to water. Sometimes, in order to expedite germination, 
the seeds are soaked ; a better method for the amateur is that recommended 
by Mr. Hutchins, the most prolific writer on sweet peas in America, who 
places the seed packets in moist earth for seven or eight days, then takes 
them out and examines them. The swollen seeds are planted and the 
others cut with a knife. 

Planting 

Fall planting. — In the season under discussion, the finest and the 
earliest flowers were seciired from plantings made in the fall. The prepa- 
ration of the soil is the same as that already described, except that the 
soil is firmed and the trench filled level. On this a trench, or furrow, two 
inches deep is made, and the peas are planted at least as close as one 
seed every two inches. The row should be slightly ridged up so as to 
prevent water from standing and, as stated in the beginning, it is essential 
that the location be on a well-drained site. When the ground freezes, 
a mulch of manure is placed over the row. In the spring when the bright 
weather comes, the plants should be examined in order to see whether 
they are growing or whether the soil is soggy and cold. In either case, 
the mulch should be removed from over the row, and should be left in 
the center so that, in case any weather should come when the safety of 
the plants is at all endangered, the old mulch may easily be applied to 
protect them. 

The seed of the standard varieties of sweet peas is cheap, and the advan- 
tage gained in obtaining early flowers, if the plants survive the winter, 
is worth the effort. 

Spring planting. — As soon as the frost is out of the ground and the soil 
in workable condition in the spring, a heavy application of superphos- 
phate of lime should be made and raked in. Care should be exercised 
not to get the soil too loose, and for this reason it is best to confine all 
stirring of the soil to smoothing the surface. Especially is this true with 
light soils, which, if stirred deeply in the spring, must be well firmed. 
Heavy soils that are likely to bake may be improved by working in a 
light dressing of old, thoroughly rotted manure. 



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Culture of the Sweet Pea 



703 



Sweet peas should be sown just as early in the spring as the soil is dry- 
enough to work, even though it be certain that heavy frosts may follow. 

The writer thinks that one reason why even the most inexperienced 
amatevir usually has so good average results with sweet peas, is that 
when this individual gets his amiual ' ' violent attack of gardening fever ' ' 
in early spring, he begins his operations at just the right time for sweet 
peas to go into the ground. 

An essential requirement in growing sweet peas is to plant early, while 
the atmospheric conditions are such as to prevent top growth until the 
plant has started a vigorous root development. The result is that, when 
wanner weather comes, the top grows strong and heavy, the plant branches 
out, and throughout the season this increased vigor is seen. Experiments 
made by sowing seeds every ten days from, the earliest practicable date 
until the end of May show this result conclusively. 

Depth. — If the preparation of the soil has been made in the fall, it 
is best only to smooth the surface of the trench and plant in this. When 
the preparation has been made in the spring the soil must not be left 
too loose — a condition that may easily occur if a deep trench is made 
and only loosely filled with soil and manure. 

One method recommended is to hollow out a broad trench, twenty- 
four to thirty inches wide and two inches deep, and then sow the seed 
one inch deep in single or double rows. The trench should be kept open 
for six weeks in order to retain the water. This system is very good in 
a garden where all cultivation is given by hand ; but where many rows are 
grown and cultivation is done with a horse and cultivator, it is mani- 
festly impossible to make or to maintain such a trench. Furthermore, 
when horse cultivation is to be used there would be difficulty in keeping 
the young plants, if planted below the surface, from being covered diu-ing 
the early cultivations. Therefore, planting on the level is necessary in 
field culture. It is advisable, however, in garden culture, to plant so 
that when covered the row will be two inches below the ordinary level. 

Shall the planting be in single drills, broad drills, or double rows or 
drills? It matters little, provided sufficient room is allowed for the grow- 
ing plants. 

Amount 0} seed. — The latest American book advises sowing one ounce 
of seed to a fifteen-foot row, and later thinning the plants to six inches 
apart. Now let us see what this means. Since an ounce of seed contains 
three hundred to three hundred and sixty seeds, if in a single drill the 
seeds will be thi*ee fifths to one half inch apart. If only seventy-five 
per cent of the seed grew (which is a very low estimate) , one hundred and 
ninety-fi\-e to two hundred and forty of the seedlings must be removed 
in thinning to the distance given. In other words, the author of the 



704 



Bulletin 320 



above-mentioned book advises planting ten to twelve seeds in order to 
j^et one plant, or leaving about ten per cent of the seed to grow. In the 
plantings at this station, one hundred seeds, except when doubtful, were 
sown to a twenty-foot row, or one seed every two inches, and this is heavy 
seeding. Under the latter system an ounce will plant fifty to sixty feet 
of row and, if the seed is good, it should plant still more. 




Fig. 184. — The double-rozv method of planting 



Sowing in pots for outdoor bloom. — Many English growers practice 
sowing in pots under glass, hardening the plants in frames, and planting 
out. From the writer's experience wdth three varieties during the year 
under discussion, he is incHned to look on this method wth fa\'or, especially 
in growing high-priced novelties or varieties for exhibition In fact, 
if the results of experience and observation at this station in 19 10 are to be 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 



705 



relied on, it \\ould appear that the successful exhibitors of the future 
will obtain their flowers from fall-sown or pot-grown plants. 




Fig. 185. — Sweet peas started in pots 



In order to secure suitable plants, six seeds should be sown in four- 
inch pots, using light, rich soil. The best time to sow sweet peas in this 
manner is in March. When the plants are two or three inches high they 



7o6 



Bulletin 320 



should be given supports of short twigs and placed in a cold frame. Here 
they should be given plenty of air at every opporttuiity, in order to secure 
a short, sturdy growth. If the plants do not catch hold fimily, they 
may be tied with rafha. When spring begins and the soil is in good con- 
dition, the pots m.ay be planted in the open, one foot aj^art in a single 
row or two feet apart in a double row. In the latter case, the plants 
alternate as shown below: 




Fig. 186. — Sweet peas transplanted from pots 



Supports 

Sticks. — Among English sweet pea growers there is considerable una- 
nimity of opinion that sticks fonn the best support for sweet peas. The 
replies of fifty-two leading experts, published in the Sweet Pea Annual 
for 1907, show that forty-three growers favor sticks (generally hazel 
sticks), five fa\'or wire netting, two favor either sticks or wire netting — 
and, if the netting is new, paint it — one prefers sticks and string, and 
the remaining one, a correspondent from British Columbia, uses telephone 
wire and string. 

In this country, where good twiggy boughs can be obtained, such boughs 
unquestionably fonn the best support to use since they are the most natural. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 707 

In many places birches can be obtained in lengths of twelve to fourteen 
feet. These may be prepared in the lengths desired. 

How tall should the support be? The grower is the one to detennine 
that. If the soil has been prepared properly and the plants look strong, 
and if the grower sees that the plants are watered and given every care, 
then the support should be six feet high. If the soil is only moderately 
fertile or has not been deeply prepared, or if the grower does not intend 
to keep all seed pods picked off or cannot water the plants in order to over- 
come drought, the support should be kept down to four feet. The variety 
has something to do with the height of the support, whatever the care 
bestowed, some varieties being naturally dwarf er growers. 

The sticks should be cut in late winter or \'ery early spring, so that 
they are stiU rather green and tough enough to bear the load until the end 
of the season. They should be inserted in the soil at least a foot, because 
when clothed with vines to a height of six feet a strong windstomi exerts 
a tremendous le\'erage on them. Unless the sticks have been inserted 
deeply, or if they ha\-e become too dead and brittle, the row will go down 
under the force of the wind and the great weight of the wet vines. In 
order to guard against disaster, strong stakes are sometimes placed every 
ten feet and wire is run lengthwise through the sticks and fastened to 
the stakes. It is desirable to have the sticks bushy at the top, so that 
they spread out more than at the base; if not naturally so, leaning the 
sticks alternately outward will produce this result. This gives greater 
freedom for the vines when in flower. 

After the sticks are inserted, a better effect is produced if the tops 
are clipped to a le\-el and straggUng ends are cut back. If the sticks 
are not " feathered " sufficiently at the base for the plants to get started 
up on them, the cHppings from the tops may be inserted between the tall 
sticks. Some growers make a practice — and it is a good one — of provid- 
ing a light support when the plants are one to three inches high, and later 
placing the tall sticks. For the light support they often use old 
raspberry canes or the old stems of our wild aster — in fact, anything 
of a light, mmch branching character. This affords protection from high 
winds when the plants are small. 

Netting. — When other systems of supporting are to be employed it 
is quite imperative to pro\4de a support of small, short twigs as soon as 
the seedlings begin to produce tendrils. This method prevents the rain 
from beating the small plants down, and enables them to get up to the 
other support. In city gardens, owing to the difficulty in procuring 
suitable sticks, wire netting makes a very satisfactory support. The 
peas do not cling to it so well but it is cleaner and neater in appearance, 
which is a compensating advantage. The large mesh, four-inch, is pref- 



yoS Bulletin 320 

erable, but in many places this is not procurable and the ordinary chicken 
netting, or fence, is used instead. Strong stakes at intervals not to exceed 
ten feet are used to support the netting. One advantage of wire netting 
is that if stakes six feet high are used, a forty-two- or forty-eight-inch 
strip of netting may be placed in position, and, if the season or soil is 
favorable and the peas grow above this, a narrow strip of netting may be 
added or a string or wire stretched from stake to stake over the row. 
A well-galvanized netting can be used repeatedly for several years, and 
will last longer if taken off in the fall and stored. 

String. — Another method is to construct a sup]3ort of wire and string, 
or of string alone. The ingenious grower can construct all sorts of fanci- 
ful designs with wire and string on posts set not over ten feet apart. 
Sometimes a wooden strip is nailed horizontally at the top and bottom, 
but often a wire is used instead. From bottom to top, between these 
horizontal strips or wires, a homemade network can be made. When the 
peas are grown in double drills, the construction described above is made 
on each side in box-like form. 

When sweet peas are grown in single drills especially on a considerable 
scale, the best and cheapest support is one made by placing stakes at 
intervals under ten feet, and winding strong cord around the row from 
stake to stake. The strings are placed six to eight inches apart, or 
closer if necessary. If the stakes are too far apart — ten feet or more — 
the string will stretch after becoming wet or even dainp, and the plants 
will fall over. If appearance is not an object anything will serve for 
stakes, as tailings from the mills, poles, and the like. When neat stakes 
are driven in the row this method is very good in the garden as the 
vines cling to the string better than to wire netting, which becomes hot; 
also, the supports when string is used may be made as tall as needful for 
the peas. Thus there are only the tops of stakes showing above a row 
of short vines, in place of a row of uncovered netting. At the end of the 
season, if the stakes are worthless the whole support, as well as the 
sticks, can be burned. 

Sweet peas are sometimes grown in clumps and must be supported. 
Here again sticks are often favored, especially where the plants occupy, 
a circle six or more feet in circumference. Wire netting cut in suitable 
lengths may be made into cylinders for cluinps of any size. 

Other methods. — Henry Eckford advertises a sweet pea support con- 
sisting of four stakes, each in two pieces three feet long. These are placed 
ninety degrees apart around a circle and three-foot netting is stretched 
around them. When the peas reach the top, if greater height is needed 
the upper half of each stake is fitted by means of a mortise into the top 
of the one already driven and another strip of netting is put on. 



Bulletin 320 



Plate VI 




Sweet peas on wire netting 



15i i.i.i;ii\ 320 



Plate VII 




Sweet peas grown in ( lumps 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 709 

An English seedsman advertises sweet pea ladders for use in training 
the vines in garden decoration. The ladders are made six feet long and 
six inches wide. They are used perpendicularly, the tops being fastened 
to a horizontal wire. Two rows are supported by leaning the tops together 
and fastening them to an overhead horizontal wire. Plants grown in 
circles may be brought together in the center at the top, where the ladders 
are fastened to a center stake. Sweet pea arches are sometimes made. 
These, of course, should never be over six feet high or they would seldom 
be covered. 

Now the ladders can be easily made with two No. 10 galvanized wires, 
rose stakes of the proper length, and some smaller wire for the rungs 
or cross wires. The arches can also be made complete, if desired, by 
merely making the ladder long enough and bending it into the fonn of 
an arch. 

Cultivation 

Tillage, watering, and mulching. — Frequent cultivation should be 
the rule in growing sweet peas. A very liberal use of the hoe or the cul- 
tivator in maintaining a loose, shallow surface mulch is imperative for 
success. Proper preparation of the soil, coupled with such treatment, will 
do much to obviate the necessity of watenng. 

Watering should not be begun until it is absolutely necessary in order 
to prevent the plants from suffering. When necessary the applications 
should be thorough, and in very dry periods at least two or three timies 
a week. 

A mvdch of thoroughly rotted manure around the plants will alone 
lessen the effects of drought, and will also prevent too rapid loss of water 
when it is applied. 

Dispodding. — In order to have fine flowers and a long succession of 
bloom, it is infinitely more necessary to keep the seed pods rigorously 
picked off than it is to cultivate, mulch, or water. The latter operations 
go for naught unless the pods are picked off. The writer thoroughly 
believes that the importance of watering has been overemphasized and 
that too many amateurs prefer to use the hose rather than to pick pods; 
then they assert that the sweet pea is not what it used to be, that it has 
lost constitution, and the like. Of course, the more highly developed 
the variety, the less certain it is to bear up under neglect. There were 
on the trial grounds at this station in igio some of the oldest varieties, 
introduced from 1865 to 1890, then the latest hooded and grandifloras, 
and finally the waved type. Although no pods were picked from the 
first two types after July 20, there was a noticeable difference in the 
flowering habit. The old varieties were continuously blooming profusely, 
while the second class were sometimes completely destitute of flowers. 



7IO Bulletin 320 

The same holds true with rcj^ard to len<^th of stem. Some plants of 
Countess Spencer were treated likewise in order to note the effect, and 
for them the season was over early in August. 

The lesson is that if the grower does not intend to comply with the 
requirements of the improved types, it is better to grow Butterfly, Captain 
Clarke, Peach Blossom, and other small-flowered, ])recocious varieties. 

Fertilizers. — After sweet peas are in full flower, fertilizers may be 
applied. The best and safest fertilizer to use is liquid manure, diluted 
to the color of weak tea and applied once a week. It is often advantageous 
to alternate this with sulfate of ammonia or nitrate of soda at the rate 
of one ounce to six gallons of water. The plant responds better usually, 
to phosphorus than to nitrogen, and even potash is often beneficial. 
Nitrate of potash and phosphate of potash dissoh-ed at the same rate as 
the above-named fertilizers, is of the proper strength to api^ly. 

Summary 

The following quotation from George Stanton is a concise summary 
of sweet pea culture: 

" Sweet Pea Culture, condensed. — 12 words. Trench deeply; manure 
liberally; plant thinly; stake quickly; water freely; dispod promptly." 

INSECTS AND DISEASES 

Insects 

The most troublesome insects that attack sweet peas in the United 
States are the red spider and the green plant louse. 

The red spiders attack plants during hot, dry periods, when they are 
to be found on the underside of the leaves. Usually they are not noticed 
until they have become sufficiently abundant to cause considerable damage. 
The experienced grower recognizes the favorable conditions for this insect 
and begins syringing the plants in the evening, applying the water with 
hose or spray pump so as to wet the lower surface of all the lea\'es. This 
treatment will prevent serious attacks of the red spider. 

The green fly, or green plant louse, while often present under other 
climatic conditions, causes greater injury during weather favorable to 
the red spider than at other times. This insect may be killed by the usi? 
of tobacco extracts, dilute kerosene emulsion, or soap solution. Dusting 
the plants with tobacco is sometimes practiced. 

Nematodes, or eelworms, do not attack sweet peas planted outdoors 
unless infested soil from the greenhouse is used around the plants. When 
sowing seeds in pots under glass, the proper soil is that which has been 
sterilized or thoroughly frozen. 




(^ 



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•^ 



^ 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 711 

The cutworm. — In some seasons the cutworm is very destructive. The 
preparation of the soil in autumn, with the winter freezing, tends to 
eliminate this pest. The use of trap plants, such as lettuce, sown along- 
side of sweet pea row^s has been suggested. Poisoned baits can sometimes 
be used, but not so safely, so far as other animal life is concerned, as in 
the greenhouse. The larva should be hunted down in its hiding place 
and destroyed. An application of soot, air-slaked lime, or tobacco dust 
has some value as a repellent. 

Diseases 

Powdery mildew. — Among the fungous diseases that attack sweet peas, 
the powdery mildew (Erysiphe Polygoni DC.) is often found late in the 
season, when the plants are almost through blooming. Sometimes the 
disease appears earlier. In igio it appeared in August and proved very 
serious on some varieties. The stems, leaves, and other parts of the plant 
become covered with a white, powdery coating of the myceliiim and 
summ.er spores. The disease may appear after a rain followed by very 
cool nights and hot days. Spraying with potassium sulfid, or dusting 
the plants with sulfur or with a mixture of lime and sulfur — two parts 
of the form.er to one of the latter — will control the disease. 

Pea spot (Ascophyta pisi) is a parasitic fungus attacking sweet peas in 
England, and, while the writer does not know of its occurrence on sweet 
peas in this country, the fact that it is known to attack garden peas here 
is sufficient indication of danger. The disease causes round or angular 
spots on the leaves and pods. The spots are one fourth inch or less in 
diameter, usually with a narrow, but distinct, purple border. The use of 
potassium sulfid or dilute bordeaux mixture is recommended. 

Other diseases attacking sweet peas in England are pea blight (Perono- 
spora trifolionum) , root rot (Thielavia basicola), and streak (apparently 
a physiological trouble). 

EXHIBITING sweet PEAS 

The foundation for success in raising sweet peas for exhibition is laid 
the previous autumn in the thorough preparation of the soil, followed by 
a careful selection of varieties, thin planting, and very liberal culture. 
In order that good flowers may be obtained for exhibition, it is best to 
remove all flowers about a week before the exhibition date, and to allow 
only the spikes with the longest stems to develop. The size of the flowers 
may be increased at this time by the use of ammonia or nitrate of soda. 

All varieties subject to scorch or scald should be shaded with cheese- 
cloth or tiffany. If such varieties are planted together the shading may 
be more easily accomplished. The varieties having orange in their color- 



712 Bulletin 320 

ation — that is, Henry Eckford, St. Georj^c, and Helen Lewis — the salmon 
varieties, and possibly some of the scarlets and blues, should be shaded 
for four to six days previous to the time the flowers will be needed. The 
shade should be so arranged that it can be removed at night. 

The sweet peas having been well grown, with stems twelve to fifteen 
inches long, the next consideration is the cutting of the flowers; for it is 
one thing to grow good flowers, and quite another, but equally difficult, 
to exhibit successfully. 

Sweet pea flowers, especially for exhibition, should be cut while dry, 
preferably in the morning or evening. The proper stage of development 
will depend on the number of hours that must elapse before the judge 
can pass upon the exhibit. Flowers cut the day before exhibiting should 
be taken with the lower flowers open and the top one in bud. Those 
with four flowers on a spike may be taken with the two lower flowers 
open, the third flower opening, and the topmost one in the bud. The 
flowers should be placed immediately in cool, hard water and left in a cool, 
dark room or cellar until they are packed. Here they are left until the 
latest moment consistent with their timely arrival at the exhibition hall, 
not more than six or seven hours if possible. 

When packing, the stems should be squeezed in order to remove sur- 
plus water and then wrapped in a strip of oiled paper. Great care should 
be exercised not to get water on the flowers. Each bunch should be 
wrapped in tissue paper and the bunches packed firmly, but not so tightly 
as to crush the flowers. 

Everything possible should be done to insure the prompt arrival of 
the flowers at the exhibition hall, when they should be unpacked without 
delay. The flowers should be loosely arranged so that they may resume 
their natural form after the journey. 

The flowers having been put in water, the work of arranging the 
exhibition vases should begin. George W. Kerr, an experienced exhibitor, 
gives the following on the arrangement of the flowers: 

" In staging the flowers never crowd them. Let every flower ' speak 
for itself.' Twenty sprays make a nice vase, and the best method of 
arranging them is to start by putting some grass (cut two inches long) 
in the mouth of the vase, as this helps to keep the stems in position. Each 
stem must be put in separately. Let every flower be seen as far as possible 
and all face one way, with the exception of such varieties as have the back 
of the standards tinted in coloring other than the ground color of the 
flower, when the position of such might be judiciously varied. One or 
two pieces of foliage — a little Gysophila — or light grass, such as Agrostis 
ncublosa, might with advantage be used. But this should not be over- 
done, and only if the rules allow of it. 



Culture of the Sweet Pea 71 j 

" In staging a collection of twelve varieties, they should be stood in 
three rows, the back rows being tiered eight or nine inches above the other, 
and arrange the colors so that they do not clash. Even if the show 
schedule does not ask for it, name each variety with a neat card placed 
at the base of each vase." 

Two very important points for the exhibitor to observe are: (i) follow 
the rules as to the number of stems per vase and foliage allowed; (2) 
see to it that the flowers are true to name. Varieties of distinct colors 
should be used and those that are very nearly like others in the exhibit 
excluded. Finally, in placing the vases, it is important not to lose sight 
of the fact that a good color scheme is a great aid to success. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Sweet-pea tests at Ithaca 217 

Outdoor tests 219 

Successive fall plantings 219 

Successive spring plantings 220 

Variety tests 221 

Classification of varieties 224 

Methods of description 225 

Descriptions of varieties 229 

Open-form varieties 229 

Bicolor (Blanche Ferry group) 229 

Bicolor (Miscellaneous group) 231 

Blue and purple shades (Bright blue) 232 

Blush 233 

Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 235 

Carmine and rose (Rose group) 236 

Cream-pink 237 

Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 238 

Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 239 

Fancy 240 

Lavender 240 

Magenta-rose 241 

Marbled 241 

Maroon shades (Claret group) 241 

Maroon shades (Maroon group) 242 

Maroon shades (Maroon and violet group) 243 

Mauve 244 

Orange shades (Orange-pink group) 245 

Orange shades (Orange-scarlet group) 245 

Picotee edged (Lavender and mauve group) 246 

Pink 247 

Salmon shades 248 

Striped and flaked (Orange-rose group) 249 

Striped and flaked (Pink-on-primrose group) 249 

Striped and flaked (Purple and blue group) 249 

Striped red and rose (Crimson-on-white group) 250 

Striped red and rose (Pink-on-white group) 251 

White 252 

Yellow shades 254 

Hooded varieties 255 

Bicolor 255 

Blue and purple shades (Bright blue group) 256 

Blue and purple shades (Purple standard, blue wings) 257 

Blue and purple shades (Violet and indigo group) 258 

Blush 259 

Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 260 

Carmine and rose (Rose group) 261 

Cerise 262 

Cream-pink 263 

Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 264 

Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 266 

Dark shades (Maroon group) 266 

Dark shades (Maroon and bronze group) 267 

Dark shades (Maroon and violet group) 268 

Fancy 270 

215 



2i6 Bulletin 342 

PAGE 

Lavender 271 

Magenta-rose 273 

Marbled 274 

Mauve 275 

Orange shades 276 

Picotee edged (Lavender and blue group) 277 

Picotee edged (Pink group) 279 

Pink 280 

Striped and flaked (Chocolate stripes) 281 

Striped and flaked (Mauve or blue) 281 

Striped and flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) 282 

Striped and flaked (Red and rose on white ground) 283 

White 285 

Yellow shades 286 

Extreme hooded varieties , 288 

Snapdragon 288 

Waved varieties 290 

Bicolor 290 

Blue ■ 291 

Blush 293 

Carmine 295 

Cerise 296 

Cream, bufi", and ivory 297 

Cream-pink (deep) 301 

Cream-pink (pale) 303 

Crimson 306 

Fancy 309 

Lavender 310 

Magenta 316 

Marbled 317 

Maroon 317 

Maroon-purple 320 

Maroon-red 322 

Mauve 322 

Orange-pink 326 

Orange-scarlet 329 

Picotee edged (Cream ground) 331 

Picotee edged (White ground) 332 

Pink 333 

Pink (Pale pink group) 336 

Rose - 337 

Salmon shades 338 

Scarlet 339 

Striped and flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) 343 

Striped and flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) 343 

Striped and flaked (Pink on primrose ground) '. . . . 344 

Striped and flaked (Purple and Vjlue) 345 

Striped and flaked (Red on white ground) ^ 347 

Striped and flaked (Rose on primrose ground) 349 

White 349 

The best varieties of sweet peas 352 

Waved varieties 352 

Varieties of open and hooded forms 352 

Early-flowering varieties 353 

Market varieties 353 

Index to varieties 354 



SWEET-PEA STUDIES— IV 
CLASSIFICATION OF GARDEN VARIETIES OF THE SWEET PEA 

Alvin C. Beal 

(Received for publication January 3, 19 14) 

SWEET-PEA TESTS AT ITHACA 

The great epoch in the growing of sweet peas in America began with 
the introduction of the Eckford varieties in 1886, and received impetus 
from the introduction of the American variety Blanche Ferry in 1889. 
About this time it was discovered that, owing to cHmatic conditions, 
Cahfomia was adapted to the production of large quantities of sweet-pea 
seed. This made it possible to meet the heavy demand that arose during 
the last decade of the nineteenth century, when sweet peas were unprece- 
dentedly popular. At that period sweet-pea exhibitions were held, and 
flowers were grown in almost every garden. No other annual flower, to 
the writer's knowledge, has ever approached the sweet pea in the magni- 
tude of its growth in popular interest. 

Then came a wane for a few years, apparently due to the cultural 
methods employed and to the appearance of diseases. But the flower is 
again coming into its own. In the meantime the waved type has been 
developed. In the closing days of Mr. Eckford's busy life he saw the 
awakening interest in sweet peas on the part of the English people. The 
introduction of the variety Countess Spencer in 1904 raised this interest to 
fever heat, and a national sweet-pea society — which is now one of the 
largest horticultural associations in the world, numbering over one 
thousand subscribers — was organized in England. 

Many growers have undertaken the work of further improving this 
flower, and, due to this and to the sportive tendencies of the waved type 
of sweet peas, the number of varieties has increased at a rate hitherto 
undreamed of. In the contest for novelties many growers have found 
the same sports, have named them, and have sent them out, so that we 
have more than one name for the same variety. It appears also that 
some growers have been in too great a hurry to send out novelties before 
assuring themselves that their varieties were fixed. vSome times a 
seedsman thought he had a fixed stock, only to find, after having intro- 
duced it, that it varied wherever grown. The novelties for 19 11 include 
not less than eighty-five varieties. For several years past the offerings 
have exceeded fifty varieties a year, so that now there are almost a thousand 
variety names of sweet peas. 

217 



2i8 Bulletin 342 

With the view of furthering interest in the sweet pea as a flower for 
the masses, the American Sweet Pea Society, at its inception in 
July, 1909, decided to establish trial grounds for the elimination of 
synonyms and the testing of new varieties. The trial grounds were 
established at Cornell University, through a cooperative arrangement 
between the Department of Horticulture of the New York State College 
of Agriculture and the society. The latter was to supply the seed, and 
the former was to conduct the tests in conjunction with a committee on 
nomenclature appointed by the society. In order to enlist the largest 
number of growers in the work of the trial grounds each year, a circular 
letter was sent to every firm offering new varieties of sweet peas. The 
growers named below have sent varieties for trial: 

Great Britain: Aldersey & Marsden Jones, Tilston, Mai pas, Cheshire 
W. E. Alsen, Denmead, Waterlooville, Hants; R. H. Bath, Wisbech 
S. Bide & Son, Famham, Surrey; James Box, Haywards Heath, Sussex 
William Deal and E. J. Deal, Kelvedon; vSilas Cole, Northampton; T. H 
Dipnall, Hadleigh, Suffolk; Dobbie & Co., Edinburgh, Scotland; Miss 
Hilda Hemus, Upton-on-Severn ; Kelway & Son, Langport, Somersetshire; 
E. W. King & Co., Coggeshall, Essex; Alexander Malcolm, Duns, Scot- 
land; S. Miller, Newport, Isle of Wight; G. Stark & Son, Great Ryburgh, 
Norfolk; Sutton & Sons, Reading; Robert Sydenham, Birmingham; 
W. J. Unwin, Histon, Cambridgeshire; Watkins & Simpson, London. 

United States: A. T. Boddington, 342 West Fourteenth Street, New 
York; W. Atlee Burpee & Co., North Fifth Street, Philadelphia; Peter 
Henderson & Co., 35 Cortlandt Street, New York; C. C. Morse & Co., 
48-56 Jackson Street, San Francisco; W. W. Rawson & Co. (now Fottler, 
Fiske, Rawson Company), Boston; Waldo Rohnert, Gilroy, California; 
Vaughan's Seed Store, 31-33 West Randolph Street, Chicago; James 
Vick's Sons, Rochester, New York; Ant. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, 
New Jersey. 

From this list it will be seen that most of the really progressive growers 
who are intensely interested in the permanent development of sweet-pea 
culture have assisted in the work. To these and to all who have assisted 
in the work the American Sweet Pea Society and the New York State 
College of Agriculture are indebted. It is hoped that the cordial support 
hitherto given to the work may be continued for the further advancement 
of the sweet \)ca in popular favor. 

On receipt of the seeds a list of all the varieties, with the date of 
their receipt, was made. A card index was also prepared, so that any 
arrangement of the varieties could be made. On these cards the trial 
number was entered so that the variety could be quickly found in the 
field. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 219 

OUTDOOR tests 

In addition to the purposes of the trials before mentioned, it was thought 
desirable to make some cultural tests as to the effect of the time, depth, 
and thickness of planting on the resultant crop. With this in view, 
plantings were made in the fall and in the spring. 

Successive fall plantings 
Many of the dealers sent in seeds promptly, and in order to test the 
feasibility of growing sweet peas successfully from fall planting the trials 
were begun very soon after the writer entered upon the work. Plantings 
made at this station at intervals of ten days, from October 20 to Novem- 
ber 30, 1909, gave the following results: 



TABLE I. Results from Fall Plantings 



Variety 


Date of 

planting 

(1909) 


Condition of soil 


Num- 
ber of 
seeds 
sown 


Num- 
ber of 
seeds 
that 
germi- 
nated 


First 
bloom 
(1910) 


Aiont Blanc. . . . 


October 20 
October 30 
November 10 
November 20 
November 30 

October 20 
October 30 
November 10 
November 20 
November 30 

October 20 
October 30 
■ November 10 
November 20 
November 30 


Excellent 

Slightly frozen 

Excellent 


120 
120 
120 
120 
120 

120 
120 
120 
120 
120 

120 
120 
120 
120 
120 


22 
14 
58 
20 

5 

69 
83 
99 
45 
6 

97 
92 

87 
77 
24 


June 6 
June 6 
June 6 
June 15 
June 20 

June 19 
June 19 
June 19 
June 19 
June 19 

June 20 
June 20 
June 20 
June 20 
June 20 




Excellent 


King Edward 
VII 

Countess 

Spencer .... 


Very wet and cold . . . 

Excellent 

Slightly frozen 

Excellent ; 

Excellent 

Very wet and cold . . 

Excellent 

Slightly frozen 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Very wet and cold . . 



In all these trials there was no top growth, but some plants of the first 
two plantings were just piercing the surface, when winter set in. The 
third planting germinated, but the last two did not appear above the 
surface of the ground until the following April (1910), when they appeared 
on the 4th and the 15th, respectively. 

The results indicate that the planting should be delayed as late as is 
practicable, but not so late that the seed must be sown in a cold, wet, 
heavv soil. 



220 BliLLETIN 342 

Successive spring plantings 
The spring plantings were not made at uniformly regular intervals, as 
were the fall plantings, because of the cold, wet weather of April, 1910, 
and the heavy rains of May. However, the results are comparable, for 
the same varieties, from the same consignment of seed, used in the fall 
plantings were used in these tests. 



TABLE 2. Results from Spring Plantings 












Number 










Date of 
planting 


Number 


of seeds 


Date of 


First 
bloom 




Variety- 


of seeds 
sown 


that 
germi- 


germina- 
tion 










nated 












March 12 


120 


18 


April 1 5 


June 


18 






March 22 


120 


49 


April 18 


June 


20 






April 4 


120 


92 


April 20 


June 


21 






April 16 


120 


90 


April 30 


June 


27 


Mont Blanc 




April 27 


120 


lOI 


May 10 


June 


30 






May 7 


150 


141 


May 16 


July 


5 






May 18 


125 


118 


May 30 


July 


12 






June I 


175 


146 


June 16 


August 


18 






March 12 


120 


81 


April 15 


June 


25 






March 22 


120 


103 


April 20 


June 


27 






April 4 


120 


104 


April 27 


July 


2 






April 16 


120 


102 


April 30 


July 


5 


King Edward VII... 




April 27 


120 


no 


May 10 


July 


6 






May 7 


120 


108 


May 18 


July 


15 






May 18 


125 


114 


May 30 


June 


30 






June I 


150 


133 


June 16 


August 


26 






March 12 


120 


III 


April 15 


June 


30 






March 22 


120 


117 


April 20 


July 


I 






April 4 


120 


no 


April 27 


July 


2 


Countess Spencer. . . 




April 16 


120 


III 


May 3 


July 


4 






April 27 


120 


no 


May 10 


July 


7 






May 7 


120 


118 


May 16 


July 


15 






May 18 


120 


115 


May 30 


July 


20 






June I 


150 


131 


June 16 


August 


26 



It is very apparent, in view of the results from the germination of the 
variety Mont Blanc, that white-seeded sweet peas should not be sown 
until the ground has thoroughly thawed. 

The most significant fact in connection with these trials was the manner 
in which the dry, hot weather hurried forward the April plantings so that 
they came into bloom together. 

The height of the plants varied directly with the time of planting, the 
first being the tallest. The amount of bloom on all spring plantings 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 221 

after the first three was much reduced and the length of the stems was 
considerably less. However, the late April and early May plantings 
produced a number of blooms, and with more rain and with fertilizers 
the results would doubtless have been fairly satisfactory. 

Due to the dry, hot weather, the June planting did not flower until 
August, after a very feeble existence. When the mildew appeared in the 
latter part of August these plants were quickly destroyed, as the disease 
caught them at the time when they were beginning more rapid growth. 

The results of igio indicate that plantings of garden varieties made 
after May 10 are really not worth while. 

variety tests 

Each year a different area has been selected for growing the plants. 
Soil as nearly uniform as possible has been chosen. The land is plowed 
in the autumn, and furrows are opened with the plow so that barnyard 
manure can be placed under the rows preparatory to spring planting. 
When the furrows are closed, if a slight ridge is left over the row it can 
be raked down as soon as the surface dries in the spring, thus facilitating 
early planting. The varieties under test in 19 10, 191 1, and 191 2 were 
sown in the open ground as early as possible. In 19 13 all the varieties 
were sown in pots in March and were planted later in the field. The 
results from the latter method were so much better that that method 
will be continued. 

In the first year the rows were 20 feet long and 4 feet apart. Four 
hundred and five of these rows were planted, giving a total length of row 
of 8100 feet, or a Httle over one and one half mile. The total length of 
row grown in 191 1 was 4500 feet, in 1912 it was 3000 feet, and in 1913 
it was about 2000 feet. In the first two years a large number of the 
older varieties were grown, but in the last two years only the leading 
varieties of the older types were grown. The work has now reached the 
stage when only one variety of the older type in each color section will 
be grown for comparison. 

A record was made of the number of seeds planted of each variety, 
and later the number that germinated was recorded. Of the standard 
varieties 120 seeds were usually planted in each row; with samples that 
appeared to be of poor quality, however, a good stand was assured by 
sowing more seeds. The question is sometimes asked whether old sweet- 
pea seed will grow. An opportunity to test this was afforded by seeds 
sent in by Mr. Morse for study of the obsolete types. This seed was 
saved some years before, when variety tests were being made, and the 
following results shed some light on the question : 



Bulletin 342 



TABLE 3. GiiRMiNATioN OF Old Sweet-pea Seed in 1910 
(The asterisk denotes white-seeded varieties) 



Variety- 



Crop of 



Number 
])lanted 

on 
Al)ril 15 



Number 
germi- 
nated 



Black Brown Stripe 

Purple Brown Stripe 

Striped Celestial 

Columbia 

Juanita 

Daybreak 

Gaiety 

Wawona 

Duchess of York 

Splendour 

Large Yellow Red 

Large Yellow Open Form * 

(Many seeds of this variety are split) 

Fairy Queen 

Alice Eckf ord 

Lady Beaconsfield 

Countess of Shrewsbury 

Delight 

Lemon Queen 

Peach Blossom 

Crown Princess of Prussia 

Ignea 

Carmine Invincible 

Brilliant 

Cardinal 

Bronze King 

Empress of India 

Emily Lynch 

Coronet 

Orange Prince 

Meteor 

Alba Magnifica* 

Queen of England* 

Dorothy Viek 

Princess Victoria 

Rising Sun 

Duchess of Edinburgh 

Queen of the Isles 

Adonis 

Miss Hunt 

Novelty 

Fluted Primrose* 

Ovid 

King Edward VII 

Countess Spencer 

Oddity 

Inconstancy* . 

Golden Gleam* . 

Mont Blanc* 



1904 
1902 
1902 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1901 
1903 
1904 
1903 
1902 
1901 

1901 
1904 
1903 
1902 
1903 
1903 
1904 
1903 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1901 
1904 
1904 
1902 
1903 
1902 
1903 
1903 
1903 
1903 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1903 
1901 
1904 
1909 
1909 
1904 
1902 
1904 
1909 



19 
40 
92 
51 
42 
75 
40 

77 

103 

82 

75 

3 

61 
104 

78 
47 
98 

53 
105 
31 
85 
127 
112 
107 

14 
90 

"5 
15 
46 

52 
50 
62 

99 
87 
46 

57 
99 

126 

102 

62 

I 

114 
85 
83 

"5 
6 

lOI 

146 



Classification of Garden \^\rieties of the Sweet Pea 223 

It is apparent that the white-seeded A^arieties lose their vitahty in greater 
degree than do the black-seeded varieties of the same year's crop. Nearly 
all varieties from the 1904 crop gave as good results as were obtained, in 
general, from the 1909 crop. 

Only a small number of seeds were received of the new varieties and 
of the novelties. The smallest number of seeds of any variety was five, 
but in several cases only eight or ten were received. When a few seeds 
of a variety were to be sown it was arranged to sow one or two other 
varieties in the same row, leaving a space of eighteen inches between two 
separate varieties. In the past season, 19 13, the length of row was 
reduced to ten feet because of the greater ease of supporting the plants 
and because in many cases only five to ten seeds were received. If an 
equal number of plants were obtained, one half or all of a ten-foot row 
coiild be planted to a variety. A crosswalk six feet wide separated each 
section. This allowed for spraying the plants when necessary. 

The varieties were arranged according to color, for the purpose of easy 
comparison in the determination of synonyms and in the estimation of 
the value of varieties, relative productiveness, and other points. The 
arrangement insured the varieties' being sown or planted at the same 
time, on as nearly as possible the same soil, and with the same exposure. 

The question of a suitable support was given considerable thought. 
After an investigation of the various forms of wire netting suitable for 
the purpose, it was found that its expense was too great to allow of its 
use with this area of sweet peas. The method adopted was to place a 
seven-foot stake at the end of each row and use heavy twine for supporting 
the plants. The twine was stretched along one side of the row and back 
on the other, enclosing the plants. While this method was reasonably 
economical it was not very satisfactory, for the reason that the expansion 
and contraction of the twine prevented it from supporting the plants 
properly. The slackened strings allowed the wind to topple the plants 
alternately back and forth It was found that this could be overcome 
by placing the supports closer together. In 19 13 the use of the string 
support alone was abandoned, and a strip of wire netting twenty- 
four inches wide was used near the ground. It was found that this pro- 
vided a better support for the young plants, for if they were torn loose by 
the wind they could be tied up with raffia. As soon as the plants were 
well started, little difficulty was experienced in keeping them straight. 
The use of strings for supporting the tops of the plants has been found 
satisfactory, provided the plants do not reach a total height of more than 
four feet. If under garden conditions the plants grow taller than four 
feet, the width of the strip of netting should be correspondingly increased. 



CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES 
The rapidly increasing number of varieties of sweet peas offered since 
Mr. Eckford began the improvement of the flower has made it imperative 
that some method of classifying varieties should be adopted. In the 
autumn of 1896 the Sunset Seed and Plant Company issued a small work 
entitled " Sweet Pea Review," in which was proposed a classification of 
sweet peas based on form. Average specimens of the largest and most 
perfect standards of Eckford's introductions of 1896 and 1897 were selected, 
and, each being laid down naturally, with the front side uppermost, a 
circle was drawn around it just touching the extreme edges. Within 
each circle an outline drawing representing a certain type was made. 




sWEET 

TT Peas 



KEY TO FIGURES 

1n4* Inlivdwctloiu. 

Fl(. l-AIke Ecklord 

R(, 2-Coufit<«« of Shrewibury 

Flf. J-Uttto Oorrll 

FIf. 4 CapUvatloQ 

FI|E. 5 XountcM of Aberdeen 

Flf. 6 - Prima l>oniM 

Flf. 7-Lovely 

Fli. r -niluilo 

Flf. «. M«rt 

Flu. ID Royal RoM 

rig. 1 1 Cot|uettt 

Plf. II-Cn«a Jnral 




r-jjj 



Fig. 24, — Classification of sweet peas, suggested by the Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 

San Francisco, California 

The diameter of the circles was thirty-eight millimeters, or a trifle over 
one and one half inch, and represented the grandiflora size as this company 
understood it. A perfect type of flower is illustrated as one in which the 
farthest projections of the standard, wings, keel, and calyx exactly touch 
the thirty-eight-milUmeter circle. The ninety varieties of sweet peas 
grown by the comi)any were classified into twelve types. 

This classification based on form has not been adopted by growers of 
sweet peas. The method was copyrighted, which possibly had something 
to do with the fact that it never became popular. A more important 
reason, no doubt, is the fact that the size, and also to some extent the form, 

224 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 225 

of sweet-pea flowers are dependent on the culture that they receive. 
Under a hot sun the various flowers on a plant assume different forms 
according to the length of time that the blossoms have been open. At 
the present time the system would not be very serviceable in describing 
varieties of the waved form, since the amount of the waving or the folding 
of the standard varies with the variety, the strain, or the stock, as well as 
with the cultural conditions. 

Although varieties were rapidly multiplying, seedsmen continued to 
list the names alphabetically. Mr. Burpee, who catalogued one hundred 
and fifty varieties in 1899 — the most extensive collection offered up to 
that time by any seedsman, so far as the writer can learn — classified 
them in this manner. 

METHODS OF DESCRIPTION 

The Classification Committee appointed at the Bicentenary Celebration 
at London in 1900 adopted the following scheme of classification, based 
on color instead of on form: 

Self s : Flowers with one color only ; to be classified as : 
White Selfs Blush Selfs Yellow or Buff Selfs 

Pink Selfs Rose Selfs Carmine Selfs 

Purple and Maroon Selfs Crimson Selfs Lavender vSelfs 

Mauve Selfs Blue Selfs Salmon and Orange Selfs 

Flakes: Flowers with a decided ground color, on which are flakes 
and stripes of another color; the color of the flakes to determine the class: 

Red and Rose Flakes Mauve Flakes 

Maroon and Purple Flakes Blue Flakes 

Bicolors: Flowers with two colors, one found in the standard and 
the other in the wings; the color of the standard to determine the class: 

Red and Rose Bicolors Salmon and Orange Bicolors 

Fancies: Flowers of several colors, and such as are not provided for 
in other divisions. The ground color to determine the class: 

White Ground Fancies Yellow or Buff Ground Fancies 

Picotee Edge: Flowers of one or more colors, but having an edging 
of a distinct color or shade around the standard and the wings. No 
subdivision is as yet considered necessary. 

The seedsmen soon began to list their varieties under the principal 
colors, but as a rule no classification was made as to form. 

The Sweet Pea Annual for 1906 gives the following color classes: White, 
Crimson and Scarlet, Cerise, Rose and Carmine, Pink, Blush, Blue, Yellow 



226 BlLLETIN 342 

Shades, Orange, Lavender, Mauve, Violet and Purple, Magenta. Picotec 
Edged, Red Stripes, Blue Stripes, Bicolors, Fancies. This is substantiallv 
the classification that was used until 191 1, except that the Cream Pink 
and the Marbled class were added. 

The color classes for 191 1 show that Crimson and Scarlet were separated, 
while the Orange class has been divided into Orange Pink, Orange Scarlet, 
and Salmon Shades. The Picotee Edged class is subdivided into Cream 
Grounds and White Grounds. A Lilac class has been added. There is 
a total of twenty-five classes. 

During this period the National Sweet Pea Society of England listed 
the best varieties under each color class, including the best variety of the 
old type, which was indicated by an asterisk. 

The Sweet Pea Annual for 19 13 gives the following color classes : Bicolor ; 
Blue; Blush; Carmine; Cerise; Cream, Buff, and Ivory; Cream-pink 
(Pale) ; Cream-pink (Deep) ; Crimson ; Fancy ; Lavender ; Lilac ; Magenta ; 
Marbled and Watered; Maroon; Maroon Purple; Maroon Red; Mauve 
(Dark); Mauve (Pale); Orange-pink; Orange-scarlet; Picotee Edged 
(Cream Ground) ; Picotee Edged (White Ground) ; Pink (Deep) ; Pink 
(Pale); Rose; Salmon Shades; Scarlet; Striped and Flaked (Purple and 
Blue) ; Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on Gray Ground) ; Striped and 
Flaked (Red and Rose) ; White. A total of thirty-two classes. 

When one considers the advance from a classification that comprised 
only White, Cream or Light Yellow, Light Blush, Light Pink, Deep Pink, 
Rose, Red and Scarlet, Shades of Orange and Salmon, Pink and White, 
Blue and White, Claret and Maroon, Striped and Variegated, Lavender 
and Light Blue, and Blue and Purple, one can appreciate the fact that 
the classification of sweet peas has undergone evolution. Moreover, this 
indicates more clearly than does an}^hing else the marv^elous development 
of the flower. 

In the Field Notes on Sweet Peas, 1907, edited by L. L. Morse, it is 
stated that the most natural classification is according to color, and that 
most seedsmen recognize such an arrangement. Mr. Morse then calls 
attention to the fact that another classification, almost as important as 
that of color, is that of form, referring to the size and the shape of the 
standard. He classes the varieties as follows: 

Hooded form Open form 

Large Aurora Large Triumph 

Medium . . . Countess of Radnor Medium Blanche Ferry 

Small Blushing Beauty Small Crown Princess of Prussia 

The Countess Spencer group, which was just coming in, was classified 
as " very large." This group has since been recognized universally as 



pq 




Bulletin' 342 



Plati-: XV 




.1/^5. Sankey Spencer 
Queen of li)! gland Dorothy Eckford 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 227 

distinct in form. The size of the varieties is of less importance at the 
present time, for the waved, or Spencer, sweet peas are usually of very 
large size, and if any of the older \^arieties are to persist in the trade they 
must be of the largest size. The varieties with medium-sized blooms 
are now obsolete, as were the small-flowered varieties of Morse's list. 

The principal characters on which a classification of sweet peas may be 
based are habit of the plant, form of the flower, and color of the flower. 
In habit of plant, the dwarf, bush, winter-flowering, and garden types are 
recognized. In general there are two main groups, the dwarf forms 
and the tall forms, the latter including the winter-flowering and garden 
types. The form of the flower has been evolved from the reflexed form, 
through the open and the hooded, to the waved form. The open form with 
the flat standard may be classified into the notched and rounded types. 
There are various degrees of hooding, of which the extreme form is the 
snapdragon, now grown only as a curiosity. In like manner we find 
various degrees of waviness in the waved, or Spencer, form; these can 
be placed in groups according to the amount of waviness, being equal 
to, less than, or greater than. Countess Spencer under the same con- 
ditions. The writer proposes the following classification of sweet peas: 
Garden type Winter-flowering type Dwarf type {Cupid) 

Open form Open form 

Hooded form Hooded form 

Waved form Waved form 

The dwarf type is not of sufficient importance to be subdivided, 
but it embraces varieties with flowers of both open and hooded form. 

Under each form the varieties are classified by color, using the color 
classification of the Enghsh National Sweet Pea Society. So far as 
possible, the Repertoire de Couleurs was used in determining the color 
of all the varieties of sweet peas grown. In the description of each 
variety the relative size of the flower is recorded. 

The descriptive blank shown on page 228 was prepared for recording the 
data on varieties. The plantings in the field were labeled by nimiber only, 
and the corresponding nimiber was placed under its heading on the card; 
so that in making the records it was not known who sent the variety 
under examination. The data on the upper part of the card were not 
entered until after the season was over. This practice was followed in 
order to keep the records free from the possibiHty of bias as to the estimate 
placed by others on a variety. The information given is therefore our 
own, except when it is specifically stated to be the opinion of another. 



Bulletin 342 



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DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 
OPEN-FORM VARIETIES 

Bicolor (Blanche Ferry group) 

BLANCHE FERRY 

Originated by . Introduced by D. M. Ferry & Co., 1889. 

Donated by A. T. Boddington, and W. Atlee Burpee & Co. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, extra early, open form, notched 
standard. 

Description in detail — Color of standard scarlet 156 (3-4); wings lilacy white 7 (4). 
Flower of' medium size, open form; standard of medium size, open form, with 
notched top; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
on short to medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, lasting well on the 
plant. Sunproof. A garden or market variety. Plant of short, slender 
growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green. Seed black, large. 

Comparison — Extra Early Blanche Ferry, Earliest of All, Reselected Extreme Early 
Earliest of All, are similar, but earlier. A difference of sixteen days has been 
noted in the earliness of the varieties of this group. 

Remarks — The first and epoch-making variety. The introducer illustrated it with a 
color plate, the first sweet-pea novelty of American origin thus figured in an 
American catalogue. For history see Bulletin 320 of this experiment station, 
page 691, and Bulletin 319, page 625. 

BLUSHING BRIDE 

Originated by . Introduced by Joseph Breck & Co., 1891. 

Description in brief — A rose-and-white variety. 

Comparison — " Resembles Blanche Ferry in color, but is larger." — Breck's catalogue, 

1891. 
Remarks — Said to be a sport of Painted Lady. Was grown for a time by Boston 

florists. 

BRIDE OF NIAGARA 

Originated by Mrs. O. H. Day. Introduced by James Vick's Sons, 1896. 

Description in brief — A double-flowered strain of Blanche F-erry. 

Remarks — Interesting historically as the first double sweet pea. This variety was 
originated by Mrs. O. H. Day, Niagara Falls, New York, and was announced by 
Vick in 1896. The name was selected by ballot. The variety was introduced in 
1896, when it was described as having a clear pink banner, and white wings and 
keel. The flowers often had two or three banners. 

EARLIEST OF ALL 

Originated by Thomas Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 

Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 

standard; an extra early variety. 
Comparison — Color same as Blanche Ferry. Not so vigorous as Blanche Ferry in the 

field. 

229 



230 Bllletin ,^42 

EXTRA EARLY BLANCHE FERRY 

Originated by . Introduced by Ferry, 1895. 

Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 

standard; an extra early variety. 
Comparison — Similar to Blanche Ferry, but earlier. Blanche Ferry and Extra Early 

Blanche Ferry are more vigorous than Earliest of AIL 

FLORENCE ERASER 

Originated by . Introduced by J. C. Vaughan, 1904. 

Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form. 
Comparison — ■ Differs from Blanche Ferry in greater vigor of plant and longer-stemmed 
flowers. 

LADY DALKEITH 

Originated by . Introduced by L. L. May & Co., 1894. 

Description in brief — " Red and white, very free flowering." — May's catalogue for 
1894. Not listed in later catalogues. 

LITTLE DORRIT 

Originated by Henry Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Description in brief — Red and white, open form. 

Comparison — Resembles Blanche Ferry, with possible exception of shape of the 
standard. 

NELLIE JANES 

Originated by . Introduced by R. & J. Farquhar, 1892. 

Description in brief — A pink-and-white variety. 
Synonyms — Painted Lady under another name. 
Remarks — Grown by Boston florists. 

PAINTED LADY 

Description in brief — Standard rose, wings white tinged with pink. 

Comparison — Blanche Ferry was introduced as " Improved Painted Lady." 

Synonyms — Nellie Janes is the same as Painted Lady. 

Remarks — Catalogued in all old trade lists. Earliest mention by Philip Miller in 
Gardeners' Dictionary, 1731. Probably the same form as that described by Bur- 
mann as Lathyrus Zeylanicus, he supposing that it came from Ceylon. Appears 
to have been omitted in American catalogues since 1899, but in some English lists 
later than this. 

RESELECTED EXTREME EARLY EARLIEST OF ALL 

Originated by Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 

Donated by Burpee, Boddington. 

Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 

standard, extra early. 
Comparison — Blanche Ferry, Extra Early Blanche Ferry, and Earliest of All are 

similai in color of flower and in habit of plant. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 231 

Bicolor ( Miscellaneous group) 

BEACON 

Originated by . Introduced by Robert Bolton, 1906. 

Description in brief — A medium to large, open-form variety, with cerise standard and 

creamy wings. 
Comparison — An improved Duke of York. 

BLUE BELL 

Originated by . hitroduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — Described in Bulletin 1 1 1 of this experiment station as follows: 

" Flowers small. Standard convex, wedge-shaped. Color, standard pink, wings 

purple-rose. Bloom sparse." 
Remarks — Catalogued for next five years after introduction. 

BRONZE KING 

Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt. 

Donated by C. C. Morse & Co., for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, open-form variety, with coppery pink standard and 

white wings. 
Description in detail — Color of standard violet -old rose 145 (i); wings creamy white 

10 (i). Flowers small, open form; standard small, flat, stiff, with notched top; 

wings long and narrow. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Remarks — Offered by Henderson in 1894. 

BRONZE PRINCE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford (?), Bull, 1885. 

Description in brief — "Flowers large. Standard flat. Color, purple-red, the wings 

the more purple." — Bulletin iii of this station. 
Synonyms — Light Blue and Purple is the same variety. Joanna Theresa is the same. 
Remarks* — One of the first of the Eckford varieties, and one that remained in the 

trade for at least fifteen years. Mentioned in Gardeners' Chronicle [n. s., vol. 20 

(1883), p. 264]. 

COUNTESS OF SHREWSBURY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small variety, with rosy standard and white wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (i), fading to lilacy white 7 (4) 
at the edge; wings lilacy white 7 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, 
flat, sometimes reflexed, with apical notch; wings of medium size, upright, and 
pointed, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrance 
questionable. Bloom moderately profuse, continuous. Standard fades and burns 
at the top. 

Comparison — Lady Beaconsfield is similar, but is on a primrose ground. 

DUKE OF YORK 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 

Description in brief — Smaller than medium size. Open-form variety, with rose-pink 

standard, and wings light primrose shaded with pink. 
Comparison — Has been described as Blanche Ferry, on a primrose ground. Emily 

Lynch was the improved form of this variety. 



232 Bulletin 342 

EMPRESS OF INDIA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form variety, with rosy standard and 
wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4), purple-rose 150 (i) 
on the back; wings mauve-rose 153 (i), veined with solfcrino-red 157 (3-4). Flower 
of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with round top; wings 
long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. No 
fragrance. Bloom moderately profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and 
slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Blanche Ferry has wings of a purer white. 

GEM 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — Red and white. 
Remarks — Does not appear in later catalogues. 

LADY BEACONSFIELD 

Originated by Eckford. ' Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form flower; standard light pink on 

primrose, wings light primrose. 
Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (4) on a yellowish white ground ; 

wings yellowish white 13 (3). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of 

medium size, flat, with notched top; wings medium to large, long, of medium width, 

partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very sweet-scented. 

Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium to tall, strong growth. Tendrils 

colored. 
Comparison — Countess of Shrewsbury is similar in color but is on a white ground. 

Coquette is said to be the large, hooded form of Lady Beaconsfield. 
Remarks — One of the best of the old varieties. 

TRIUMPH 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, L897. 

Description in brief — A large, open-form variety, with rose-colored standards and 

crimson-pink wings. 
Comparison — Said to be similar to Empress of India, but is much larger. Royal Rose 

is the hooded form of this color. 

Blue and Purple Shades (Bright blue) 

BLUE BELLE 

Originated by S. Bide & Sons. Introduced by . 

Donated by Bide, 1912. 

Description in brief — A grandiflora variety, with violet-blue standards and violet- 
purple wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (i), sometimes marked 
at base with violet-purple; wings violet-purple 192 (i). Flower of medium size, 
open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings long, narrow, drooping. Flowers 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 233 

two, on slender stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately- 
productive. Flower fades, and lasting quality is poor. Plant of tall, slender 
growth. Leaflets broad. 

FLORA NORTON 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower of a lavender-blue shade. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lavender-blue 204 (i); the clearest 
of the blues. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, 
with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two, on medium 
stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. A garden variety. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves and stems light green; tendrils green. 

Remarks — A beautiful blue. Unfortunately the flower is too small for exhibition, but 
the variety is worthy of retention because of the color. Flora Norton Spencer is 
not the same color. 

MID BLUE 

Originated by Dobbie & Co. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, " deep sky blue " flower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 203 (2-3); wings lavender-blue 
204 (2-3), the lower edges fading to almost white. Flower medium large, open 
form; standard medium large, 'flat, occasionally reflexed in very hot sunshine, with 
round top; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant 
on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom medium. Sunproof. Plant of 
tall, strdng growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — Practically identical with Zoe (Biffen, Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1906). 
Standard lighter than that of Lord Nelson and darker than that of Flora Norton. 

ZOE 

Originated by R. H. BifTen. Introduced by Biffen, Miss H. Hemus, W. J. Unwin, 1906. 
Comparison — Practically identical with Mid Blue (Dobbie), and has prior introduction. 

Blush 

ALICE ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Donated by Morse. 

Description in brief — Pink and buff, shaded on white. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (i) ; wings lilacy white 7 (i). 
Flower small, open form; standard small, flat or with reflexed edges, with notched 
top; wings very long, longer than standard, narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers 
two to three, usually three, on medium stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Flow- 
ers burn badly, and last poorly while on the plants. Plant of medium height and 
slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — Sensation is the large, hooded form of this variety. 

Remarks — Too small for the present day. 



2-^4 Bulletin 342 

DELIGHT 

Originated by Eckfonl. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, open-form, light blush variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i), usually with 
the faintest tinge of pink; midrib on back of standard pink. Flower small, open 
form; standard small, fiat, with notched top, folded; wings long and narrow, partly 
open. Flowers two, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Bums slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaf- 
lets narrow, pointetl ; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Lemon Queen resembles this in color, but is larger. 

FAIRY QUEEN 

Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt, 1872. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, open, rosy white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy white 8 ( i ) , with a few lines of bright 
rose 128 (i); wings rosy white. Flower small, open form; standard small, flat or 
with refiexed edges, with notched top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flow- 
ers two, on long stems of moderate strength. Very fragrant. Bloom 'profuse, 
continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Tendrils 
green. 

Remarks — One of the oldest varieties. In the American trade from 1882 until 1899. 

LEMON QUEEN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A pale blush, lemon-tinted variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (i); wings milk white 11 (i); 
general effect white. Flower of medium size, open form ; standard of medium size, 
fiat, with notched top, looped so as to conceal the notch; wings long, broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender 
growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Delight is similar in color, but is smaller. 

Remarks — If this variety did not burn it would Ix' desirable even at the present day. 

MISS ETHEL 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1885. 

Description in brief — Delicate pink, with blush wings. 

Remarks — This variety was offered by Henderson in 1886, 1887, and 1888. by Breck 
in 1886, and by Farquhar in 1887. 

MRS. GLADSTONE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 

Description in brief — Standard light pink, with lighter edges; wings light blush. A 

medium-sized, open-form variety. 
Comparison — Princess Beatrice is deeper-colored. Kathcrinc Tracy is larger and 

deeper-colored. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 235 

Carmine and Rose (Carmine group) 

DOROTHY VICK 

Originated by . Introduced by Vick, 1897, 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A double flower, with scarlet standard and purplish crimson 
wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard scarlet 156 (2); wings purplish crimson 157 (i). 
Flower small to medium, open form, occasionally double; standard small to 
medium, reflexed, with narrow base; wings short and broad, partly open. Sub- 
stance poor. Flowers two to three, usually two, on medium stems. Bums badly. 
Plant of medium height, but makes a heavy growth. Tendrils colored; color in 
axils of leaves and leaflets. 

Comparison — A strain of Duchess of Edinburgh producing double flowers. White 
Wonder or Double Duke of Clarence gives a higher percentage of doubles. White 
Wonder is the best double of the old types. 

DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, open-form flower, with scarlet standard and purplish 

crimson wings. 
Description in detail — CoIop of standard scarlet 156 (2-3); wings purplish crimson 

157 (2). Flower small, open form; standard small, flat; wings long and narrow. 

Moderately productive. Plant short. 
Comparison — Princess Victoria is superior in size of flower and in profusion of bloom. 

PRINCE EDWARD OF YORK 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with carmine-purple standard and rose 

wings. 
Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (i); wings Tyrian rose 

155 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, with reflexed 

edges, round top, and broad base; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 

Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. 

Plant of medium height and strong growth. Tendrils green. 
Comparison — Similar to Princess Victoria, but superior. 

PRINCESS VICTORIA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief ^ A medium-sized, open-form flower, with scarlet standard and 

purplish crimson wings. 
Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2-3); wings purplish 

crimson 157 (i). Flower of medium size or larger, open form; standard of medium 

size, flat, with notched top and apical fold; wings long and broad, partly open. 

Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Burns slightly in hot sunshine. 

Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; ccvlor 

in the axils; tendrils colored. 



236 Bulletin 342 

Comparison — Color is similar to that of Dorotliy Vick, but the flowers are larger and 
have longer stems. 

Carmine and Rose (Rose group) 

ADONIS 

Originated by . Introduced by James Carter & Co., 1882. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with rosy pink standard, and wings of 
lighter shade. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (2); wings mauve-rose 153 (i). 
Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat or reflexed, with 
notched top and apical fold; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
two, irregularly placed on long, medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Burns badly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Tendrils 
green. 

Comparison — Novelty and Miss Hunt are similar in color, but are larger. 

Remarks — Burpee offered this variety in 1884, Breck in 1885. 

AMERICAN QUEEN 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 

Description in brief — Large, open form, magenta-rose self. 

Comparison — Lord Kenyon and Lord Roseberry are similar in color, but are of hooded 
form. 

MIMA JOHNSTON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 

Description in brief — " Bright rose carmine, shaded salmon, wings soft rose." — 
Eckford's catalogue. 

Comparison — Morse considers this variety an open form of Bolton's Pink, of medium 
size. 

MISS HUNT 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open flower, rosy pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 
(2-3); back a trifle deeper-colored. Flower of medium size or larger, open form; 
standard medium to large, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, conceal- 
ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, con- 
tinuous. Burns slightly. Plant slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Larger, brighter, better-shaped flowers than Adonis. A little lighter 
than Novelty. (.)vid. Lord Kenyon, and Lord Roseberry are the hooded forms 
of this variety. 

Remarks — Offered by Henderson in 1889. 

NOVELTY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
Description in brief — A medium-sized, rosy scarlet flower. 

Description in detail — Co\ov of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings violet-rose 154 (4). 
Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings long and 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 237 

broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on very long stems of medium 
strength. Bloom moderately profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 
and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; pedicels red. 
Comparison — A little deeper-colored flower than Miss Hunt; a distinct plant, with 
darker green leaves, less vine, and less profuse bloom than that variety. 

Cream-Pink 

AGNES JOHNSON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 

Donated by Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower; standard cream shaded with rose-pink, 

wings cream flushed with pink. 
Description in detail — Color of standard pale blush 137 (4) ; wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2). 

Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with round top; 

wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong 

stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Leaves pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Very similar to Sunrise and Evening Star, but larger. 

CORONATION 

Description in brief — Blush, with pink at the back of the standard. 
Comparison — Similar to Duchess of Westminster. 

DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Description in brief — Apricot tinged with pink, which is deepest at the base of the 
standard; wings delicate rose-pink. 

EVENING STAR 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Vaughan, 19 10. 

Description in brief — " A pale buff flushed salmon pink." — Vaughan's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard maize yellow 36 (i) on a violet-rose 154 (3) 
ground; wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower of medium size; standard of medium 
size, flat, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong, healthy 
growth. Tendrils green. 

Remarks — Morse states that before its introduction this variety was called Open- 
form Venus. 

MAY PERRETT 

Onginated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 

Description in brief — Ivory, flushed with buff or creamy pink. 
Remarks — See May Perrett Spencer. 

SUNRISE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Vaughan. 

Description in brief — Bright pink suffused with primrose. 



238 Bulletin 342 

Description hi detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2); standard 
flushed with violet-rose 154 (4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium 
size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two, 
sometimes three, on good stems. Moderate fragranee. Bloom profuse. Burns 
slightly in hot sun. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Remarks — Morse states that before its introduction this variety was called Katherine 
Tracy on cream. 

ZARINA 

Originated by BifiFen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A beautiful, large, decorative flower, of open form and soft sal- 
mon-pink color. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (1-2); wings pale lilac-rose 
130 (1-2) on a buflf ground. Standard open, sometimes slightly waved; wings 
short and narrow. Flowers two to three, on fairly strong stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom very profuse, continuous. Many double and triple standards. 
Plant of short, slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils numerous and 
very much colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets; calyx dark reddish brown. 

Comparison — Queen of Spain in open form. 

Remarks — A true stock. 

Crimson and Scarlet (Crimson group) 

CARDINAL 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, scarlet-crimson variety. 
Synonyms — Same as Carmine Invincible at this station. Captain Sharkey (Breck, 

1889) is the same variety. (See Bulletin 127 of this station.) 
Remarks — Although J. S. Eckford states that this was introduced in 1887, the writer 

finds Cardinal (Eckford) catalogued by Breck in 1886. In Breck's catalogue for 

1887 is found Cardinal (Eckford, 1886). 



CARMINE INVINCIBLE 

Originated by Thomas Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1886. 

Dotiated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, scarlet-crimson variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard claret 167 (2-3); wings dull dark crimson 
168 (i). Flower smaller than medium size, open form; standard of medium size, 
with edges reflexed, sometimes twisted or curled; wings long and broad, usually 
concealing the keel. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, on short, weak 
stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse and continuous. Bums badly. Plant of 
medium height and slender growth. Produces many side branches from the base, 
giving a heavy row of plants. 

Remarks — This variety marked a distinct advance in the improvement of sweet peas. 
Reputed to be a cross between Invincible Scarlet and Invincible Black. Received 
an award of the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1883. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 239 

FIREFLY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, bright red variety. 

Comparison — Slightly different form from Cardinal. Ignea, Brilliant, Mars, Salopian, 

and King Edward VII were the hooded forms of this color. King Edward Spencer 

is the waved form. 

INVINCIBLE SCARLET 

Originated by Stephen Brown. Introduced by Carter, 1866. 

Description in brief — A crimson-scarlet variety. 

Synonyms — Morse states that this is the same as Carmine Invincible. 

Remarks — On Jtily 11, 1865, Mr. Brown gained the first First Class Certificate ever 

awarded by the Royal Horticultural ' Society for a sweet pea. This variety was 

catalogued in the American trade from 1870 until 1900. 

KING EDWARD IMPROVED 

Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Donated by Watkins & Simpson. 

Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. 
Comparison — An improved strain of King Edward VII. 
Remarks — A fixed stock. 

KING EDWARD VII 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 56 (4) ; wings carmine- 
purple 156 (1-2). Flower large, open form; standard large, fiat or occasionally 
slightly hooded; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Substance 
good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance very slight or 
none. Bloom profuse, continuous. No burning. A garden or market variety. 
Growth tall, strong, and healthy. 

Remarks — This variety represents the acme of the crimson-scarlet varieties of the 
open or the hooded form. King Edward Spencer is the waved form. 

Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) 

BAKER'S SCARLET 

Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. 

Description in brief — " Almost pure scarlet. Same shade as Queen Alexandra but not 
so well formed as standard turns backward." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 
Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Queen Alexandra. 

FADELESS SCARLET GEM 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1907. 

Donated by Morse, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A bright scarlet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (1-2). This 
strain of Scarlet Gem does not turn purple. Flower of medium size, open form; 



240 Bulletin 342 

standard of nicdiuin size, flat, with round top; wings lonj:; and broad, concealing 
the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom pro- 
fuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
Foliage of a bluish green color. 
Remarks — Is not fadeless; it soon loses its bright appearance, but is free from the 
objectionable purple tinge in the original variety. 

SCARLET GEM 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 

Donated by Bur]X'e, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A bright scarlet variety. 

Description in detail — (See the description preceding, of Fadeless Scarlet Gem.) 

Comparison — Fadeless Scarlet Gem is supposed to be a better selection. No difference 

was seen in the trials at this station in 191 1. 
Remarks — Unfortunately the flower turns dark soon after it opens, becoming almost 

black. 

W. E. GLADSTONE 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — " Brightest shade of scarlet." — May's catalogue, 1894. 

Fancy 

SYBIL ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, creamy white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (3). Flower 
large, open form; standard large, flat, occasionally with notched top; wings large, 
spreading. Flowers two, irregularly placed on medium stems. Moderate fra- 
grance. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, moderately strong growth. 

Comparison — An open-form Marchioness of Cholmondeley. 

Lavender 

CREOLE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Donated by Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — A variety with pinkish lavender standard and lavender wings. 
Description in detail — Color of standard pale light lilac 187 (4); wings heliotrope 

188 (i), with back of ageratum blue 201 (i). Flower large; standard large, flat; 

wings large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, usually three, on medium 

stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, tall growth. 
Remarks — Not more than fifty per cent true. Morse states, however, that the variety 

was withdrawn because of the impossibility of getting it more than seventy-five 

per cent true. 

PRINCESS MAY 

Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton. 1893. 

Description in brief — A variety with pale mauve standard and lavender wings. 

Flower of medium size. 
Comparison — Superseded by Lady Grizel Hamilton. 
Remarks — Offered in the United States by Henderson in 1894. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 241 

Magenta-Rose 

CALYPSO 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Description in brief — A magenta-flushed and -veined mauve flower, of medium size 
and open form. 

Marbled 

AZURE FAIRY 

Originated by . Introduced by R. H. Bath, 19 10. 

Description in brief — " French grey ground marbled pale blue." — Bath's catalogue. 
Remarks — When grown in 19 10 this variety was very unfi.xed. The majority of our 

plants were Helen Pierce, with a few David R. Williamson. We beheve this 

variety has been improved. 

HELEN PIERCE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1905. 

Description in brief — White-veined, mottled and marbled with bright blue. 

Description in detail — Standard marbled and flaked with bluish violet 203 (3) on a 
purpUsh-tinted white ground 6 (3-4); wings lilacy white 7 (3-4); base of petals 
not colored; back of standard heavily marbled with blue; lower edges of wings 
and base of standards often fleshy white 9 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded 
form; standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with round top; wings long and 
broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Svmproof. Plant of medium height and 
strong growth. 

Remarks — Distinct. One of the indispensable varieties for a complete collection. 

Maroon Shades (Claret group) 

CARMEN SYLVA 

Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard claret at base, shading to almiost white edges; wings 
lilac. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine 116 ( i ) , becoming lighter toward 
edges, which are rosy white 8 (2-3); wings lilac 176 (4), edges lobelia blue 205 (i). 
Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, with narrow base and notched top; 
wings short and narrow. Flowers two to three, generally two, equidistant on 
medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. Plant 
of tall, fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

ETNA 

Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard amaranth-red, with light edges; wings rosy magenta. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (4), back purple-brown 
166 (3-4); wings rosy magenta 169 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, 
flat, with narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, sometimes three, 
on slender stems of medium length. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Vesuvius is much the same, but is more blue. 

Remarks — One of the most famous of Laxton's varieties. 



242 Bulletin 342 

RISING SUN 

Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 

Donated by Morsr, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard carmine-purple, with rosy white edges; wings 
mauve-rose. 

Description in detail — Color in center of standard carmine-purple 156 (2), with edges 
rosy white 8 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (i) to violet-rose 154 (i). Flower small, 
open form; standard small, refiexed, with notched top; wings long, very narrow, 
partly open. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns badly. 
Stems short and weak. Plant of short, weak, slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
pointed. 

Remarks — One of the worst varieties to burn in hot weather. 

VESUVIUS 

Originated by J. C. vSchmidt. Introduced by Schmidt, 1886. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Color of flower magenta and violet-purple. 

Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (3-4), and rosy white 8 (4) at 
the edges; wings bishop's violet (purple) 189 (4), and bright violet-purple on the 
back. Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, stiff, notched; wings long 
and narrow. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — Carmen Sylva is similar, but is more carmine. 

Remarks — Offered by Joseph Brcck in 1887; by Farquhar in 1886 

Maroon Shades (Maroon group) 

BLACK KNIGHT 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A very deep maroon. 

Description in detail — Color of standard nearest to rich pansy- violet 191 (4), but with 
more red than 191; wings rich pansy -violet 191 (1-2), veins darker. Back of 
standard is glossy. Flower large, open form; standard large, flat, with notched 
top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually 
two, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance slight. Moderately productive. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green; pods green. 

Remarks — One of tlie darkest varieties, and the best of its color in the old type. 

BLACK MICHAEL 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, pure maroon self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 1 74 (3-4) ; wings a little 
lighter. Flower large, open form; standard large, edges reflexed, round top with 
loop; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two, seldom three, on 
long, strong stems. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
pointed, dark green; the entire plant has a blue cast; pods colored on the edge. 

Comparison — General effect similar to Black Knight. 

Synonyms — Regina, introduced as an Improved Black Michael, appears to be the 
same. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 243 

BOREATTON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon self, with a medium-sized, open-form flower. 
Comparison — This variety is a little lighter than Stanley. Boreatton, Stanley, and 
Black Knight form a series with gradually deepening color. 

CARDINAL WOLSELEY 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in detail — In Bulletin iii of this station this variety is described as follows: 

" Flowers large. Standard fiat, slightly wedged. Color, standard crimson, wings 

maroon, rich. Bloom somewhat profuse." 
Remarks — Shown in color illustration on back cover of May's catalogue for 1895. The 

introducer called the color a deep crimson. 

EMPRESS OF INDIA 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — " Darkest shade of purple." — May's catalogue. 

REGINA 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 

Donated by W. W. Rawson & Co., 19 10. 
Description in brief — A dark maroon self. 

Synonyms — Seems to be Black Michael. Bolton called this variety an improved 
Black Michael. 

STANLEY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1, 

Description in brief — A large, open-form, deep maroon self. 

Comparison — Is deeper-colored than Boreatton, but not so dark as Black Knight. 

Remarks — Reputed to be a cross between Captain of the Blues and Splendour. 

Maroon Shades (Maroon and Violet group) 

BLACK 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, dark violet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 193 (4); wings rich pansy- violet 

191 (i), back 191 (4). Flower of meditun size, open form; standard of medium 

size, fiat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and narrow. Bloom 

profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Synonyms — Invincible Black is the same variety. 
Remarks — One of the oldest varieties. Mentioned in sweet-pea literature as early 

as 1793, and catalogued by Thorburn of New York in 1824. 

NEGRO 
Originated by Introduced by H. J. Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — Deep maroon and dark blue flower. 



244 BULLliTIN 342 

PEACOCK 

Originated hv . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — Standard red, wings l>lue. 

SULTAN 

Originated bv . Introduced by Laxton. 

Description in brief — Standard maroon; wings lilac, bordered with blue. 
Comparison — Superseded by Monarch. 

Mauve 

CAPTIVATION 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911, 1912. 

Description in brief — A medium-.sized, purple-magenta variety. 

Description in detail — Color, of standard and wings bluish lilac 183 (2-3); wings a 
lighter tint. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, irregular, 
sometimes crumpled, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 
Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed; pedicels red; calyx often colored. 

Remarks — A distinct variety. 

PRINCESS LOUISE 

Description in brief — Standard light magenta-pink, wings lilac. 

Synonyms — Hutchins gave this as a synonym of Violet Queen in his catalogues for 
1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897. 

Remarks — Offered in United States by Burpee in 1887, and listed each year until 1898. 
Burpee published a color plate of Princess Louise, Invincible Carmine, and Bronze 
Prince in his catalogue for 1887. This is the first color plate of sweet peas in an 
American catalogue. 

THE QUEEN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small flower, purplish mauve. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (2-3). Flower 
below medium size, open form; standard below medium size, fiat, with slightly 
notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, equi- 
distant on stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Violet Queen is deeper and more blue. 

Remarks — An unattractive variety. 

VIOLET QUEEN 

Originated by . Introduced by Carter, 1878. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, open flower; standard vinous-mauve, wings violet- 
purjjle. 

Description in detail — Color of standard \nnous-mauve 184 (2-3); wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (i), becoming more blue as flower withers. Flower small, open form; 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 245 

standard small, flat, wedge-shaped, with notched top and narrow base; wings 
long and narrow. Flowers two to three. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — The Queen is similar, but lighter. Emily Eckford is the perfected 
form. 

Remarks — Messrs. Carter advertised this variety by means of a colored plate in their 
catalogue. This was the first sweet pea so figured. Henderson offered it to the 
American trade in 1882. 

Orange Shades (Orange-pink group) 

EVELYN BYATT 

Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1906. 

Description in brief — A brilliant scarlet-orange variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4) ; wings old rose 144 (i), 
back purple-rose 150 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
size, fiat, without apical notch; wings large, long, nearly as long as standard, broad, 
partly open. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Bloom 
profuse. Burns very badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves narrow, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — More attractive than Gorgeous. 

HERBERT SMITH 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Robert Sydenham, 1908. 

Description in brief — Orange-pink in color. 
Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Gorgeous. 

Orange Shades (Orange-scarlet group) 

COUNTESS OF POWIS 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Description in brief — " Glowing orange suffused light purple." — Originator's descrip- 
tion, catalogue, 1897. 

GORGEOUS 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized variety. Standard orange-scarlet; wings rose, 
tinged with orange. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4); wings bright rose 
128 (i), strongly tinged with orange. Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
of medium size, flat; wings short and broad, partly open. Fragrance slight. Bloom 
profuse. Burns badly. Stems medium in length and strength. Plant of medium 
height and strong growth. 

Comparison — A deeper and brighter color than Coimtess of Powis, Meteor, and Orange 
Prince, which form a series in the order named. 

HETTY GREEN 

Originated by H. E. Ward. Introduced by Bolton, 1907. 

Description in brief — "Bright orange scarlet, wings rosy crimson." — Catalogue of 
National Sweet Pea Society. 



246 Bulletin 342 

METEOR 

Originated by Eckford. hitrodnced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Orange-pink, wings orange-rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 
Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, fiat; wings long and 
broad. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height. 

Comparison — A sliglitly deeper color than Orange Prince. 

MILDRED WARD 

Originated by Ward.' Introduced by Sj-denham. 1907. 

Description in brief — An orange-scarlet variety. 

ORANGE PRINCE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — " A bright orange pink." — Hutchins' catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (i); wings violet-rose 154 (l). 
Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, refiexed, sometimes 
crumpled, with notched top; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two, on strong 
stems of medium length. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender 
growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Remarks — Received award by Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 
1883. Offered in United States by Breck in 1887. 

Picotee Edged (Lavender and Mauve group) 

BLUE EDGED 

Originated by Major Trevor Clarke. hitrodnced by Carter, i860. 

Synonyms — Blue Hybrid was probably identical. 

Remarks — This variety is given in the Sweet Pea Annual, and in Sweet Peas Up to 
Date (edition of 1910), as first introduced in 1883. This is an error of date. The 
variety was catalogued by Vick as early as 1872, if not earlier. The first of the 
picotee-edged blues. 

CAPTAIN CLARKE 

Originated by . Introduced by C. Sharpe & Co. 

Description in brief — White-edged and penciled with carmine; wings edged with blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shaded violet-rose 154 (2-3) on a lilacy white 
7 (4) ground; wings lilacy white, shaded lilac-mauve 196 (i). Flower small, open 
form; standard small, flat, with notched top; wings short and broad, partly open. 
Flowers two to three, usually three, equidistant on medium stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
tendrils green. 

Remarks — Formerly known also under name " Tricolor." Columbia, another tricolor 
variety, is striped. Offered by Breck in 1885. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 247 

SPLENDID LILAC 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with a lilac-blue standard, and white 
wings edged with blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (4). back 183 (i) ; wings white, 
edged and shaded with ageratum blue 201 (1-4). Flower of medium size, open 
form; standard of medium size, flat, wedge-shaped, with narrow base and notched 
top; wings long and narrow. Flowers one to two, sometimes only one, on short 
stems. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green. 

Remarks — An unattractive variety, due to poor contrasts in color. Offered by Burpee 
in 1887. 

Pink 

BRIDESMAID 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, deep pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center violet-rose 154 (3); 
wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
size, flat, with notched top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two, on medium 
stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color shown. 

Comparison — A deeper color than Katherine Tracy, but otherwise similar. Brides- 
maid was an improvement on Princess Beatrice. 

CROWN PRINCESS OF PRUSSIA 

Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt, 1 868-1 869. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Light rose, shading deeper toward center. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shading from mauve-rose 153 (i) to rosy 
white 8 (i); wings mauve-rose 153 (i); color is deeper at base of standard and on 
dorsal edges of wings. Flower small, open form; standard small, badly reflexed, 
with notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, on 
long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Moderately but continu- 
ously productive. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
Leaflets narrow and pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Colors weaker than those of Peach Blossom. 

Remarks — Catalogued by C. Platz, of Erfurt, in 1870. Distributed in England by 
Sharpe in 1871. Probably the first of the pink varieties. 

DUCHESS OF MARLBORO 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — r " A rich rose color." — May's catalogue. 

Description' tn detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the variety ig described as 

follows: " Flowers small. Standard flat. Color, standard pink, wings rose-pink. 

Bloom profuse." 
Remarks — A colored illustration of this variety appeared on the back cover of May's 

catalogue for 1895. 



24S Bl'LLETIN 342 

DUKE OF KENT 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station is the following description 

of this variety: " Flowers small. .Stamlard fiat, wedge-shape. Color, rose-pink. 

Bloom metliuin." 
Remarks — Introducer gives color as a beautiful carmine. 

ISA ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 

Description in brief — Creamy white, suffused with rosy pink. 

Comparison — Peach Blossom is the larger form of this variety. Crown Princess of 
Prussia is somewhat similar. 

KATHERINE TRACY 

Originated by Ferry. . Introduced by Ferry, 1895. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A soft pink, with lighter edges. 

Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center 153 (4); wings 
mauve-rose 153 (2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, 
fiat, with notched top; wings of medium size, short, partly open. Flowers two, 
on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden variety. Plant of tall, 
strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color 
shown. 

Remarks — One of the most famous American varieties. 

PEACH BLOSSOM 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Deep pink, shading to light pink on edges. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shades from mauve-rose 153 (2) in center 
near base, to rosy white 8 (2-3) at edges; wings mauve-rose 153 (i), becoming 
lighter at edges; the early stage of development of the fiower shows a trace of 
yellow; the general effect is a beautiful pink. Flower medium to large, open form; 
standard medium to large, fiat, with notched top; wings long and narrow, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height. Leaflets narrow, pointed, 
dark green; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Lovely is the improved form oi this \\ariety. 

PRINCESS BEATRICE 

Originated by Muskett. Introduced by C. C. Hurst & Son, 1883. 

Description in brief — Standard light pink, wings light rose-pink. 

Comparison — Carmine Rose is similar. 

Remarks — Given award by Royal Horticultural Society in August, 1883. 

Salmon Shades 

HENRY ECKFORD 

Originated by F-ckford. * Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 

Donated by Bodd'xn^ytm, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
Description in brief — A beautiful salmon color. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 249 

Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2); wings shrimp pink 75 
(2-3). Flower above medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, 
with round top; wings short and broad, partly open. Bloom profuse. Moderately 
fragrant. Burns very badly. Stems strong, but of medium length. A garden 
variety. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
pedicels red. 

Striped and Flaked (Orange-rose group) 

CORONET 

Originated by S. T. Walker. Introduced by Walker, W. T. Hutchins, 1898. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Light orange-pink stripe on a white ground. 

Description in detail — -Standard and wings striped with peach-blossom 127 (standard 
3-4, wings 1-2) on a rosy white 8 (4) ground. Flower large, open form; standard 
large, fiat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
on slender stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately pro- 
ductive. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — Aurora is superior. 

Striped and Flaked (Pink-on-primrose group) 

ELFRIEDA 

Originated by . Introduced by W. W. Johnson & Son, 1904. 

Description in brief — Slightly striped with rose on a primrose ground. 

Striped and Flaked (Purple and Blue group) 

HESTER 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Rawson, 1910; Burpee. 191 1. 

Description in brief — A deep blue stripe on white. 

Description in detail — Ground color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, 
striped with violet-purple 192 (1-2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
of medium size, erect, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Growth strong, 
vigorous. 

Comparison — Prince Olaf is superior. 

MARBLED BLUE 

Originated by Sutton & Sons. Introduced by Sutton, 1906. 

Description in brief — White, striped witli blue. 
Comparison — Similar to Hester. 

PRINCE OLAF 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie. 

Description in brief — White, striped with blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, striped with 
lobelia-blue 205 (3) ; wings 205(1). Flower of medium size or larger; standard of 



250 Bulletin 342 

medium size, slightly rcflcxcd at times; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
usually three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- 
tinuous. Pedicels blackish. Suitable for home decoration. 

Comparison — Has a trifle more red in the flowers than Hester. 

Remarks — The best variety in this color and class. 

PURPLE BROWN STRIPE 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A white variety, striped with maroon on standard and with 
violet on wings. 

Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4) ; standard striped with dark 
violet 193 (3-4), wings with bright violet-purple. Flower of medium size; standard 
of medium size, flat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and broad, 
partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
Bloom moderately profuse, but continuous. 

Synonyms — A variety named Black Brown Striped proved to be the same. Light 
Blue and Purple Striped White is the same variety. 

Striped Red and Rose (Crimson-on-white group) 

AMERICA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1896. 

Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A carmine stripe on white. 

Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with carmine-red on a very white 

ground. Flower medium to large, open form; standard medium to large, flat; 

wings long. Flowers two to three, on long, wiry stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 

profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 

narrow, pointed; pedicels red. 
Comparison — Distinct from Queen of the Isles. 
Remarks — The brightest red-striped variety. Name originally proposed was Toreador. 



COLUMBIA 

Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Hutchins, 1897. 

Donated by Morse. 

Description in brief — Standard light crimson, wings lavender, striped on white. 

DAYBREAK 

Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — White, striped with carmine; wings striped with rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2) striped and grained 
on white, back carmine-purple in center with lighter edges; wings white, with 
markings of violet-rose 154 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of 
medium size, flat, with notched top and narrow base; wings long and narrow, 
partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, con- 
tinuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaves narrow, pointed. 



Classification or Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 251 

INVINCIBLE SCARLET STRIPED 

Description in brief — Red-striped on a white ground. 

INVINCIBLE STRIPED 

Originated by . Introduced by Carter, 1880. 

Description in brief — Striped with crimson on a white ground. 

Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the following description of this 
variety appears : ' ' Flowers medium size. Standard slightly convex, notched. ' 
Color, white streaked with pink, rather cheap. Bloom profuse." 

Remarks — Awarded a First Class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society on 
August 22, 1883. 

QUEEN OF THE ISLES 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1885. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — White, striped with carmine-purple. 

Description in detail — Standard striped with carmine-purple 156 (2-3) on a rosy white 

8 (3-4) ground; wings striped with solferino-red 157 (i) on a rosy white ground. 

Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, reflexed, with notched 

top and narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, on short or medium 

stems of only moderate strength. Bloom moderate. Plant of medium height, 

slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Queen of the Isles has more purple in the stripes of the wings, and less 

intense red in the stripes of the standard, than is found in America. America is 

a self, Queen of the Isles is not. 

RED AND WHITE STRIPED 

Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the variety is described as follows: 
" Flowers medium size. Standard convex. Color white strongly streaked with 
pink. Bloom sparse." 

Comparison — This variety was superseded by America. 

Synonyms — " Is Scarlet Striped." — Bulletin 127 of this station. 

Striped Red and Rose (Pink-on-white group) 

BERTIE HAMILTON 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, i8q8. 

Description in brief — Lightly striped with dark ox blood on front of standard and 
wings, and more heavily striped on reverse. 

DUCHESS OF YORK 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A light pink stripe on white. 

Description in d-tail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on a lilacy 
white 7 (i) ground. Flower meditun to large, open form; standard medium to 
large, fiat; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers borne on medium 
stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height 
and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Ramona is similar in color but is of hooded form. 



2 52 Bulletin ,:;42 

MINNEHAHA 
Originated by Walker. Introduced by Peter Henderson & Co., 1898. 

Description in brief — Striped with pale pink. 

White 

ALBA MAGNIFICA 

Originated by Henderson. Introduced by Henderson, 1891. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, white variety. 

Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Flower small, open form, with 
notched standard and narrow base. 

Comparison — An improvement on Queen of Enj^land, but superseded in its tvu-n by- 
Emily Henderson. 

EARLIEST WHITE 

Originated by Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1906. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 

Description in brief — A very early, white variety. 

Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3); wings and standard have no trace 
of color except in the young bud. Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
notched; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on short 
to medium stems. Fragrant. Plant dwarf. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. 
Seed large, round, black. 

Remarks — This variety properly belongs to the winter-fiowering type, but is also 
grown in gardens. Valuable only for very early flowers. 

EMILY HENDERSON 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1895. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, white variety. 

Description in detail — Flower of medium size, open form; standard with notched top 
and narrow base, inclined to curve back at the side.5. Flowers borne on slender 
stems of moderate length, appearing to be far apart on the stems. Easily injured 
by wet weather. Plant slender, but tall. 

Remarks — No longer of any value. For ten yetirs the standard white variety 

GRACE MAY 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description tn detail — "A magnificent large flowering white sweet pea. The individual 

flowers often measure two and one half inches in diameter ami waxy wliite color 

and highly perfumed." — May's catalogue, 1894. 

JOSEPHINE WHITE 

Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferry, 1902. 

Description in brief — A white variety. 

MRS. LANGTRY 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in brief — "A charming white." — Introducer's description, 1894. 
Description in detail — " Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. Color, pure 
white, rich. Bloom medium." — Bulletin iii of this station. 



Bl'LI.ETIN 34:? 



Plate XVII 




Janet Scott 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 253 

MONT BLANC 

Originated by Ernest Benary(?). Iiilroduced by Bcnary, 1900. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — An early, pure white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i). Flower of 

medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, notched; wings of medium 

size, spreading. Plant slender, of dwarf growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Seed white. 
Comparison — Not so early as Earliest of All, which also has the advantage of black 

seeds, giving better germination in cold soil early in the spring. 
Remarks — Belongs properly to the winter-flowering type, but is grown in gardens 

for early bloom. 

QUEEN OF ENGLAND 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A small, white variety. 

Description in detail — Flower small, open form; standard notched at top, often 

at sides, and with a narrow base. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of 

medium length. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. 
Comparison — Superseded by Alba Magnifica and Emily Henderson. 

SHASTA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white flower, of open form. 

Description in detail — Color 2 (i), opens light primrose, changing to pure white. 
Flower large, open form; standard large, generally showing a slight notch and a 
trace of waviness; wings of medium size. Flowers usually three, on long, strong 
stems. Fragrant. Plant of tall, very strong growth. 

SNOWFLAKE 

Originated by S. Fisher. Introduced by Breck, 1897. 

Description in brief — A pure white. 

Remarks — One of the first varieties to receive a first-class certificate from an American 
horticultural society, having received this award from the Massachusetts Horti- 
cultural Society in 1893. 

WHITE TRIUMPH 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Description in brief — "A large, expanded white." — Introducer's catalogue. 
Comparison — A white form of Triumph. 

ZERO 

Originated by Biflfen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — An early, pure white variety. 



254 Bulletin 342 

Yellow Shades 

DEVONSHIRE CREAM 

Originated by Bathurst. Introduced by G. H. Mackcrcth, 1908. 

Description in brief — A large, primrose variety. 

Comparison — Said to be like Shasta in primrose color. Introduced as an improved 
form of The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon. 

EARLIEST SUNBEAMS 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — An early-flowering, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2), back a deeper shade; 
wings a slightly lighter color. Flower open form; standard notched; wings long 
and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom early and free. Plant of short height. Leaflets dark green, 
narrow, pointed. Seed white. 

Remarks — Properly belongs to the winter-flowering type. Sometimes planted with 
Earliest White and Earliest of All for very early bloom. 

HAROLD 

Originated by Isaac House & Sons. Introduced by House, 1910. 

Description in brief — A primrose variety. 
Comparison — Said to be a cream-colored Shasta. 

INCONSTANCY 

Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferrj', 1902. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A yellow and white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (standard 3-4, 
wings 1-2); the standard fades to 10(1); the general effect is of yellow and white 
flowers on the same plant, hence the name. Flower of medium size, open form; 
standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, 
partly open. Flowers on strong stems of medium length. Bloom profuse, con- 
tinuous. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, 
pointed; tendrils green. Seed white. 

PRIMROSE 
Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 

Description in brief — A light primrose self, of medium size and open form. 
Comparison — Golden Gleam, Mrs. Eckford, and similar varieties, are larger, finer 
varieties of this shade. 



HOODED VARIETIES 

^'"^°'' AMERICAN BELLE 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1894. 

Description in brief — " Standard bright rose; wings crystal white, with purpKsh car- 
mine spots." — Introducer's description. 

Synonyms — In Bulletin 127 of this station American Belle is said to be Apple 
Blossom. 

APPLE BLOSSOM 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard rose-pink; wings white, tinged with pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4) in the center, with lighter 
edges; wings pale pink 135 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard 
of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
keel. Flowers two to three, on good stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of medium growth. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — Has greater contrast between standard and wings than is shown in 
Royal Rose. 

Remarks — Very variable in color. 

COQUETTE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Description in brief — Standard shaded with lavender on a primrose ground ; wings 
primrose. 

CROWN JEWEL 
Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Description in brief — Tinted and veined with violet-rose on a primrose ground. 

DAWN 

Originated by G. Stark & Son. Introduced by Stark. 

Description in brief — Standard light crimson-magenta; wings white, shaded crimson. 

EMILY LYNCH 

Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — .Standard rose; wings rose on a primrose ground. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (i) 
on a primrose-tinted groimd. Flower small to medium, hooded form; standard 
small to medium, hooded, with notched top and sides; wings short and broad, 
partly open. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Very fragrant. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Bums slightly in hot sunshine. Plant of medium 
height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored at first, 
changing to green. 

Comparison — Superseded by Jeannie Gordon. 

Remarks — One of the first of the Apple Blossom group. 

HILDA JEFFREY 

Originated by C. W. Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Description in brief — "Delicate rose shaded cream."— Gardener's World, 1908, 

page 82. 
Comparison — Is said to be an improvement on Jeannie Gordon. 

255 



256 Bulletin 342 

JEANNIE GORDON 

Originated by Eckford. hitrodiiced by Eckfonl, 1902. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 

Description in brief — A bright rose on a cream ground. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (1-2); wings rosy pink 
118 (i) on a primrosy ground; base of standard often has a trace of primrose color. 
Flower medium large, hooded; standard medium large, hooded, with round top; 
wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on 
long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant 
of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Emily Lynch is very similar in color, but is smaller. 

Remarks — The best of the old type in this color. 

LADY SKELMERSDALE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Description in brief — " Standard bright rosy lilac; wings slightly shaded bright rosy 
lilac." — Burpee's catalogue. 

MRS. E. OILMAN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1910. 

Description in brief — A pale rose bicolor. 

ROYAL ROSE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard pink; wings rose, with lighter edges. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4), back 155 (1-2); wings 
violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower large, hooded; standard large, hooded, with round 
top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong 
stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — The waved form of this variety is Apple Blossom Spencer. 

TWEEDY SMITH 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1907. 

Description in brief — " Standard light magenta lilac; wings light cream." — Morse's 
Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 

Blue and Purple Shades (Bright Blue group) 

ENID 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A deep blue variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings aniline blue 202 (1-2); wings 
deeper than standard. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium 
size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers 
two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Sunproof. Suitable for home decora- 
tion. Plant of mcflium height, slender, healthy. Tendrils green. Seed round, 
mottled. 

Comparison — The general effect is lighter than Eileen and deeper than Flora Norton. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 257 

Blue and Purple Shades (Purple standard, blue wings) 

CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, igii. 

Description in brief — Standard bright violet-purple, wings lavender-blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (3-4) ; wings lavender- 
blue 204 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, 
slightly hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, partly open. Flow- 
ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant tall, of moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, 

Comparison — Imperial Blue is an inferior form of this. Baden Powell is considered 
to be the same. 

Remarks — Offered in the United States by Farquhar in 1891. 

COUNTESS CADOGAN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), becoming more 
blue at the base, back violet-purple 192 (2); wings bluish violet 203 (i), losing 
the purple shading, becoming light blue, back 203 (4). Flower large, hooded 
form; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. 
Flowers two to three, usually two, on medivun stems. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Tendrils show some color. 

DAVID R. WILLIAMSON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings lavender-blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), back 192 (2); 

wings lavender-blue 204 (2) ; keel same as wings. Flower large, hooded form; 

standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. 

Flowers two to three, usually two, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very 

fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets 

pointed; tendrils green. 

DUKE OF WESTMINSTER 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard purple, wings blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (4); wings aniline blue 
202 (2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round 
top; wings long and broad; keel same as wings. Flowers two to three, on long, 
strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or exhibition variety. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; some plants possess 
axillary color. 

Remarks — One of the best of the old varieties. 



258 Bulletin 342 

IMPERIAL BLUE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard purple, wings light blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 192 (1-2), back 191 (4); 
wings bishop's violet 189 (4), shaded lavender-blue 204 (i). Flower of medium 
size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings 
long and narrow. Bloom profuse. 

Comparison — Captain of the Blues is a large, improved form of this variation. 

Synonyms — Madam Carnot is said to be the same variety. Grand Blue is the same. 

MADAME CARNOT 

Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 

Description in brief — A small, inferior form of Captain of the Blues. 
Synonyms — Morse states that Imperial Blue is the same variety. 

WAVERLY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. 

Description in brief — Standard purple, wings blue. 
Comparison — Duke of Westminster is similar l)ul larger. 

Blue and Purple Shades (Violet and Indigo grouj)) 

BRILLIANT BLUE 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1907. 

Description in brief — A dark navy blue variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 203 (4-5) ; wings light bluish 

violet 202 (4), changing to bluish violet 203 (4). Flower large, hooded form; 

standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings meditim broad, partly 

open to spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on strong stems of medium 

length. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Synonyms — .Same as Lord Nelson (House, 1907). 
Remarks — The best dark blue of the old type. 

LORD NELSON 

Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — A dark navy blue variety. 

Description in detail — (.See description of Brilliant Blue.) 

Synonyms — This is the name used in Great Britain for Brilliant Blue. 

NAVY BLUE 
Originated by James Sproule. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 

Description in brief — General effect is dark blue; standard lavender-blue, wings 

bluish violet. 
Description in detail — Color of standard lavender-blue 204 (4-5); wings bluish violet 

203 (4), becoming .slightly more purple. Flower medium to large, hooded form; 

standard medium large, slightly hooded, sometimes slightly notched at top; wings 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 259 

broad and moderately long, partly open. Flowers two to three, equidistant on 
strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color. 

Blush 

ACME 

Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — A blush-white variety. 
Comparison — Said to be a blush Dorothy Eckford. 

AGNES ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A very light pink self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2). Flower 
above medium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with round 
top; wings long and partly open. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems. Very 
fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored 
at first, becoming green when fully developed; axillary color in peduncles and 
leaflets. 

Comparison — Larger and better than California. 

BLUSHING BEAUTY 

Originated by Eclcford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910. 

Description in brief — Medium size, light pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i); standard 
becomes paler at the edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
medium size, extremely hooded, without apical notch; wings of medium size but 
long, partly open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of moderate strength. 
Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — California is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is similar, but 
darker. Prima Donna is darker, larger, and superior in every respect. 

CALIFORNIA 

Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 

Donated by Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — A small, very light pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (1-2); wings lilacy white 

7 (4). Flower small, hooded form; standard small, much hooded, often curled; 

wings of medium size, long, partly open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of 

moderate strength. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Comparison — Agnes Eckford is much superior. Blushing Beauty is similar, but 

darker. 

COTTAGE MAID 

Originated by . Introduced by Sutton. 

Description in brief — Pale blush on white. 



26o niLLETlN 342 

COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckforcl, 1895. 

Description in brief — A pale pink variety. 

DELICATA 

Originated by . Introduced by Stark, 1906. 

Description in brief — White, tinted pink. 
Synonyms — Considered same as Modesty. 

DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Description in brief — vSilvery white, tinted pink. 
Synonyms — Same as Modesty. 

EVELYN BREADMORE 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 

Description in brief — Shining white, witli sHght tinge of pink in standard. 

LADY ABERDARE 

Originated by . Iiilroduced by Breadmore, 1904. 

Description in brief — " Soft hght ])ink self."— Sweet Pea Annual. 

MRS. S. T. WALKER 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 

Description in brief — Pale blush-pink, hooded. 

MODESTY 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Silvery white, tinted pink. 

SENSATION 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Description in brief — .Standard very light pink and buff; wings white. 
Comparison — ■ A hooded Alice Eckford. 

Carmine and Rose (Carmine group) 

COLONIST 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Description in brief — A bright rose-crimson, changing to jjurplish crimson. 

MRS. DUGDALE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Donated by BurpcL', 1911. 

Description in brief — Large, slightly hooded, crimson-rose on a primrose ground. 
Description iu detail — Flower large, hooded; standard large, slightly hooded; wings 
large, long and broad. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 261 

MRS. R. M. SHELTON 

Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. 

Description in brief — A hooded, rosy carmine self. 

Carmine and Rose (Rose group) 

BRITISH QUEEN 

Originated by Angus. Introduced by . 

Description in brief — A double form of Her Majesty. 

Remarks — This was shown by Mr. Angus, Norwood Hall, Aberdeen, and received a 
First Class Certificate from the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society in 1898. 

CYRIL BREADMORE 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906* 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded, rosy carmme variety. 
Synonyms — Practically the same as Lord Roseberry. 

ESMERALDA 

Originated by . Introduced by Kelway & Son. 

Description in brief — " A distinct shade of rose." — Kelway Manual, 191 1. 

HER MAJESTY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 

Description in brief — Large, hooded, rose-crimson self. 

MAJESTIC 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1901. 

Description in brief — Large, hooded, rose-red on a primrose ground. 

ODDITY 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Deep pink, with deeper edges; wings lighter pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (3-4); wings violet-rose 
154 (i). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, refiexed or crumpled, 
with notched sides; wings long and narrow, some wings twisted or curled, con- 
cealing the keel. Many flowers are double. Flowers two or three, irregularly 
placed on long stems of medium strength. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns 
slightly. Plant of slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Remarks — Name given because of the form of the flowers; expresses value also. 

OVID 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard purple-rose, wings violet-rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings violet-rose 
i 54 (i ), back a deeper color; well-matured flowers are very bright. Flower of medium 
size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, wings long and broad, con- 



262 Bulletin 342 

cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. No apparent fragrance. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly in very hot sunshine. Plant of 
medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — Novelty and Miss Hunt are the same color, but are smaller and open 
form. 

PRINCE OF WALES 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (4-5). Flower 
large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded; wings long and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance none. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, stout, vigorous, 
healthy growth. Color sometimes shown in axils of leaves and tendrils. 

Comparison — Her Majesty and Splendour arc smaller and less bright. 

Remarks — Represents the greatest advance made in the hooded varieties of this color. 

SPLENDOUR 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard Tynan rose 155 ( i ) ; wings Tyrian rose 
155 (1-2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round and 
looped top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark 
green; tendrils colored. 

Cerise 

ANNIE B. GILROY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1909. 

Description in brief — " A deep cerise." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
Comparison — Introduced as an improved Coccinea. 
Remarks — No longer catalogued by the introducer. 

COCCINEA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A bright cerise self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower 
below medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round 
top; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Flowers two to three, usually two. Burns badly. Plant 
of medium height and slcntler growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, blue-green; 
tendrils short, colored. Habit distinct. 

PRINCESS MAUD OF WALES 

Originated by Eck-ford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 

Description in brief — " A pale coccinea." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
Remarks — No longer catalogued by the originator. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 263 

Cream-Pink 

CORAL GEM 

Originated by Tuttle. Introduced by Vaughan, 1907. 

Donated by Vaughan, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A soft, light cream-pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2); center 
stripe of standard 153 (4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, 
hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. 

COUNTESS OF LATHOM 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A cream-pink self. 

Description in detail — -Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings mauve-rose 153 
(1-2); both on a primrose ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard 
of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings broad, partially spreading. Flow- 
ers two to three, borne on long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. 
A moderately productive variety. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Tendrils 
green. 

Comparison — Color is between Venus and Honorable F. Bouverie. 

GRACIE GREENWOOD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower; cream, shaded delicate pink. 

G. W. KERR 

Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 19 10. 

Description in brief — Coral-pink, deeper shade on edge. 

HONORABLE F. BOUVERIE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Donated by Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — A deep pink on a primrose ground. The edges are very light 
pink, the color deepening toward the center. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a creamy 
white 10 (3-4) grovmd. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium 
size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings short and narrow, partly open. Flow- 
ers three, equidistant on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Is Lovely on a primrose ground. 

JANET SCOTT 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910. 

Description in 6n>/— Bright pink, tinged with buff. 

Description in detail — Color of wings and standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); standard 
shows traces of yellow, which is more pronounced in the upper flower as well as 
in the bud. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; 



264 Bulletin 342 

wings long, upright, and pointed. Flowers two to three, usually three, equi- 
distant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored until mature. 
Remarks — One of the best-known varieties. 

MISS BOSTOCK 

Originated by . Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 

Description in brief — Cream-pink. 

MRS. CHARLES MASTERS 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1909. 

Description in brief — " Standard rosy salmon, wings cream." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

QUEEN OF SPAIN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — "A pearly pink self." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 1 53 ( i ) . Flower of 
medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; 
wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. 
Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. A fine garden variety. Plant of distinct 
character; growth strong and vigorous. Tendrils profusely colored ; color in a.xils 
of peduncles, leaves, and leaflets; flower stems also tinged brown. 

Comparison — On the grounds at this station this variety is more productive than 
Countess of Lathom. 

VENUS 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 

Description in brief — A hooded variety; flowers salmon-buff, shaded pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2) on a primrose 
ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
with round top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two to three, on medium 
wiry stems. Very fragrant. Plant of tall, slender growth. Tendrils green. 

Remarks — As the season advances, the flowers have more pink color. 

Crimson and Scarlet (Crimson group) 

BOB 

Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — " A deep red with wings tinted rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

BRILLIANT 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Donated by Burpee. 

Description in brief ^ A slightly hooded, crimson-scarlet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2-3); wings Tyrian 
rose 155 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard of medium 
size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 265 

Substance poor. Flowers two to three, usually two, on medium stems. Bloom 
profuse and continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height, with slender 
haulms, but makes a heavy row. 
Comparison — Same color as Ignea in standard, but Brilliant has less contrast in wings. 

HARVARD 

Originated by . Introduced by Breck, 1894. 

Synonymns — In Bulletin 127 of this station this is said to be Ignea. 

IGNEA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — ■ Crimson-scarlet wings, tinged with purplish crimson. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2); wings solferino-red 
157 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard medium hooded, 
with round top and apical fold; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flow- 
ers two, on strong stems of medium length. Flower burns badly, the veins soon 
blackening or taking on a sickly purple hue. Plant of medium height. Leaflets 
narrow, pointed. 

MARS 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Description in brief — A hooded, rich crimson self. 

MILLIE MASLIN 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 1908. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A very dark crimson-red. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-purple 160 (3-4), veined darker; wings 
lilac-purple 160 (1-2), often with more purple shading. Flower medium large, 
hooded form; standard medium to large, slightly hooded; wings long and narrow. 
Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom moderately 
profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
tendrils green. 

SALOPIAN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine 159 (4); wings crimson- 
carmine 159 (2), back 159 (4). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
medium size, slightly hooded; wings of medium size, concealing the keel. Flowers 
two to three, on medium stems. Fragrance none. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 
Plant of medium height and stout growth. Tendrils colored. 

Comparison — This variety was superseded by King Edward VII. Salopian is a 
deeper, richer color, especially in the wings, than Brilliant or Mars. 

Remarks — ■ The original Salopian burned badly under a hot sun. By selection a 
strain was secured which exhibited little or no burning. The trial at this station 
was probably with this form. A pure stock. 



266 Bulletin 342 

SUNPROOF SALOPIAN 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1900. 

Donated by Burpee, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A sunproof strain of Salopian. 

Remarks — Nt) difTcrence was noted in the trials at this station. It is probable that the 
Sunproof Salopian was supplied, at least to all American customers, instead of 
the Salopian, owing to the fact that the latter was subject to burning under our 
hot suns. 

Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) 

KESTON RED 

Originated by ^ . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — A rich scarlet. 

Remarks — Was introduced as an improved Scarlet Gem. Not in the trade at the 
present time. 

QUEEN ALEXANDRA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A bright, intense, scarlet self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (2). Flower 
of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with 
round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
long, strong stems. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
pointed. 

Dark Shades (Maroon group) 

ADMIRAL TOGO 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 

Description in brief — " Extremely dark violet maroon." — Sweet Pea Annual. Flow- 
ers hooded. 

BLACKBIRD 

Originated by Sharpe. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 

Donated by Rawson, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A very dark maroon variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings dark purple 
191 (i). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to large, 
hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sun- 
proof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Synonyms — Midnight (Burpee, 1908). 

BLUE BIRD 

Originated by . Introduced by Strong. 

Description in brief — "Flowers medium size. Standard hooded. Color, dark 
purple-red. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 267 

HANNAH DALE 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings deep carmine- violet 174 (4). 
Flower large, slightly hooded form; standard above large, slightly hooded, with 
notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant 
of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Remarks — The flowers decrease rapidly in size. 

MIDNIGHT 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 

Description in brief — Deep maroon and indigo. 

NIGGER 

Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1905. 

Description in brief — " Nearly black." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

Dark Shades (Maroon and Bronze group) 

H. J. R. DIGGES 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 

Description in brief — "A bright claret shaded maroon." — Eckford's catalogue. 

JET 

Originated by Hugh Aldersey. Introduced by Sydenham, 1909. 

Description in brief — Standard very dark maroon ; wings very dark indigo. 
Synonyms — Considered the same as Midnight (Burpee, 1908). 

OTHELLO 

Originated by Eckford. Introdticed by Eckford, -1899. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 

Description in detail — Back of standard dull. Flower large, hooded form; standard 
large, hooded, with round top; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. 
Substance good. Flowers generally three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance 
httle or none. Plant of tall, strong, robust growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

SHAHZADA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — A very dark maroon and purple variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings violet-purple 
192 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded; standard slightly hooded, with round 
top; wings of medium size, long, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, 
on short, weak stems. 

Comparison — Has standard of the same color as Othello, but the wings are different. 

Remarks — Said to be a cross between Stanley and Her Majesty. 



268 Bulletin 342 

Dark Shades (Maroc.n and Violcl j^ruui)) 

DOUBLE DUKE OF CLARENCE 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, i8q6. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine- violet 174 (4-5); wings rich 
pansy-violet 191 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form, double; standard 
of medium size, hooded, sometimes two on lower flower of the spike; wings long 
and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, vigorous 
growth. 

DUDLEY LEES 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded, deep maroon variety. 

Comparison — Introduced as an improved Black Knight. 

DUKE OF CLARENCE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Description in brief — "A rich dark claret." — Hutchins' catalogue. 
Comparison — Double Duke of Clarence is the double form of tliis. 

DUKE OF SUTHERLAND 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — Standard dark violet, wings deep violet-blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 192 (2-3); wings violet-purple 
192 (2-3). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard medium large, hooded, 
with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on strong 
stems of medium length. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

HORACE WRIGHT 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (4), back rich pansy-violet 191 (i). Flower large, hooded form; stand- 
ard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the 
keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Sunproof. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored; color appears in 
axils. 

Comparison — Indigo King has the same colors but is inferior in every respect. 

IMPROVED DUDLEY LEES 

Donated by Bide, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A dark maroon and purple variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4 or darker); wings plum- 
violet 172 (4) to deep purple 185 (4). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, 
slightly hooded; wings long and drooping. Flowers two to three, on strong stems 
of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
height and slender growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 




<o 




BrM,ETiN 342 



Plate XIX 




Lord Roseberry 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 269 

Comparison — Is larger and darker, and blooms better, than Black Michael. Very 

similar to Kelway Black. Larger than Black Knight. 
Remarks — A very rich, dark-colored flower. Dudley Lees was sent out by Breadmore 

in 1908. 

INDIGO KING 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A deep violet-blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 174 (4); wings bright 
violet-purple 190 (2). Flower under medium size, hooded form; standard under 
njedium size, hooded, notched at side, wings long and narrow. Moderately pro- 
ductive. Plant of medium height. 

Comparison — Monarch is somewhat similar in color. Horace Wright is the best 
variety of these colors. 

Synonyms — Autocrat (Henderson, 1888) is the same variety. 

KELWAY BLACK 

Originated by . Introduced by Kelway, 1912. 

Donated by Kelway, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-brown 166 (3-4), veined with plum- 
violet; wings plum-violet 172 (2-3). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, 
reflexed, with notched top and broad base; wings long and broad. Substance 
good. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils 
green. 

Comparison — Similar to Black Knight. 

MONARCH 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon-violet. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 1 72 (4) ; wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (4), back rich pansy- violet 191 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded 
form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded; wings long and narrow. Moder- 
ately productive. Plant of medium height. 

Comparison — Indigo King is smaller and less desirable. Duke of Sutherland is larger 
and has more blue in the wings. 

PURPLE KING 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 

Description in brief — A very large, purple flower. 

PURPLE PRINCE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings 190 (2-4); standard deeper than 
wings. Flower of medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, hooded. 



2 70 Bulletin 342 

Fancy 

DORA BREADMORE 

Originated by Brcadmore. Introduced by Breadmorc, 1906. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded primrose self, shaded buff. 

Description in detail — Standard and wings fleshy white 9 (3-4). Flower of medium 

size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; 

wings short and broad, partly open. Flowers three, irregularly placed on strong 

stems of moderate length. Very fragrant. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, 

moderately strong growth. 
Comparison — Somewhat similar to Lady M. Ormsby Gore, but lighter. 

LADY M. ORMSBY GORE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 

Donated by Boddington, 191 o. 

Description in brief — A very light primrose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings amber-white 12 (i). Flower of 
medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, extremely hooded, with round 
top; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, irregu- 
larly placed on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Coquette is said to have had more pink color. Queen Victoria has less 
substance, more primrose color, and a pinkish tint in the standard. 

Remarks — On this soil and with the hot sunshine, no pink was noticed. 



MARCHIONESS OF CHOLMONDELEY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Cream, overlaid with pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (i); wings very lightly 
tinted pale rosy pink 129 (i); both on a cream ground. Flower of medium size, 
hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings short and 
broad, spreading. Flowers two, equidistant on strong stems of medium length. 
Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. No color in axils. 

Comparison — This variety has lighter wings than Venus, which it resembles in the 
standard. 

MRS. FITZGERALD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Synonyms — This is reported as being the same as the variety Stella Morse (Burpee, 
1898). 

MRS. H. KENDALL BARNES 

Originated by . Introduced by Dobbic, 19C5. 

Description in brief — Standard cream, tinted a very light pink; wings light primrose. 
Comparison — Differs from Lady M. Ormsby Gore in having pink in the standard. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 271 

STELLA MORSE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Cream, tinted pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings amber- white 12 (i), tinted 
lilacy white 7 (4); deeper color at edges; general effect is creamy yellow; buds very 
yellow. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly 
hooded, with round top; wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers three, 
irregularly placed on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Modesty and Duchess of Sutherland are the same, but on a white ground. 

Synonyms — Mrs. Fitzgerald is a synonym. 

SUE EARL 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910. 

Description in brief — Primrose, with a shading of mauve-rose; wings primrose. 
Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (1-2); wings amber-white 

12 (2-3); the standards of the lower blossoms take on a tinge of mauve-rose. Flower 

of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded; wings long and 

broad. 
Remarks — Sent out for trial in 1902. Said to have been a cross between Lottie 

Eckford and Mrs. Eckford. 

Lavender 

CELESTIAL 

Originated by C. Lorenz. Introduced by Lorenz, 1896. 

Synonyms — (See New Countess.) 

COUNTESS OF RADNOR 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 

Description in brief — A lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-2); wings heliotrope 188 (i). 

Flower of medium size; standard of medium size; wings medium long and narrow. 

Flowers two to three. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home 

decoration. 
Comparison — Soon after it was sent out. Countess of Radnor had too much red in 

the standard. New Countess and Celestial were improvements in color. 

FLORIST LAVENDER 

Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 

Comparison — Said to be a sport of Navy Blue. 

J. T. CRIER 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1907. 

Description in brief — A lavender self. 



272 Bulletin 342 

LADY COOPER 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded, clear lavender self. 

LADY GRIZEL HAMILTON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Donated by Boddington, lyio; Bur[)ee. 191 1. 

Description in brief — A violet and lilac-mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-mauve 195 (1-2); wings lilac-mauve 
196 (1-2); the back in each being a shade deeper. Flower large; standard large, 
hooded; wings long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, moderately strong 
stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home decoration or for 
market. Plant of moderately vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Is deeper in color than Countess of Radnor, but fades to the same 
shade. 

Remarks — The best of its color in the old type. 

LADY NINA BALFOUR 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Description in brief — Standard mauve, wings lavender. 

MADELINE COLE 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by vStark, 1910. 

Description in brief — A pale lavender self. 

MINNIE KEEPERS 

Originated by . Introduced by May, 1895. 

Description in brief — "Flower large. Standard hooded. Color, standard pinkish 

lilac, wings lilac. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 11 1 of this station. Described 

by May as a " delicate lavender." 

MRS. GEORGE HIGGINSON, JR. 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, Vaughan, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A very light lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings Parma violet 200 (1-2). Flower 
of medium size; standard of medium size, slightly hooded; wings medium long and 
narrow, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home decoration. 

Synonyms — True Lavender is the same variety. 

MRS. ISAAC HOUSE 

Originated by . Introduced by House, 1910. 

Description in brief — " Silvery lavender."— Sweet Pea Annual. 

NEW COUNTESS 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Description in brief — A selected strain of Countess of Radnor with no reddish mauve 
in the standard. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 273 

Syiioiyms — Same as Celestial. 

Remarks — "A selection from a single plant." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

THE FAIRY 

Origittated by . Introduced by Johnson, 1907. 

Description in brief — Opens white, changing to lavender. 

TRUE LAVENDER 

Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 

Description in brief — A light lavender variety. 

Synonyms — This is said to be another name for Mrs. George Higginson, jr. 

Magenta-Rose 

EARL CROMER 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A deep reddish mauve. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings vinous-mauve 184 (i). Flower 
large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of 
medium size, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very 
fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 
and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; some plants show color in the 
developing tendrils; pedicels red; calyx shows some color. 

Remarks — A distinct color. 

FASHION 

Originated by Mor.se. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded, rose-magenta self. 

GEORGE GORDON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 

Description in brief — A deep reddish mauve. 

LORD KENYON 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded, magenta-rose variety. 

LORD ROSEBERRY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. 

Donated by "Qoddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A rosy magenta variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4); wings pure mauve 181 
(3-4). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to large, with 
round top; wings of medium size, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
two to three, on long stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. 
Plant of medium height, but stout and healthy. 

Comparison — Similar to Lord Kenyon, but larger. Ovid has less violet color, and is 
therefore lighter. American Queen is the open-form variety of this color. 

Remarks — One of the best of its color. 



274 Bulletin 342 

Marbled 

DAWN 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 

Description in brief — " An improved Gray Friar. A beautiful pea with many double 

flowers." — American Florist, 1900. 
Comparison — Said to be a selection from Princess of Wales, the color being a marbled 

Princess of Wales on white ground. 

EXQUISITE 

Originated by Batli. Introduced by Batli, 1910. 

Description in brief — Veined willi blue on a white ground. 

GLADYS FRENCH 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 

Donated by Unwin, 191 o; Burpee. 

Description in brief — A pale Helen Pierce. 

Descripticn in detail — Standard veined, mottled, and marbled with light bluish violet 
202 (i)on a purplish-tinted white 6 (2) ground; wings purplish-tinted white 6 (2), 
veined on back 202 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
Plant of medium height, strong, healthy. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Differs from Helen Pierce chiefly in the amount of color in the flower. 

GRAY FRIAR 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, marbled with heliotrope on a white ground. 
Remarks — The watered grayish effect of the color suggested the name. 

PERDITA 

Originated by . Introduced by Bath. 

Description in brief — Marbled with pink on a white ground. 

PINK FRIAR 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, lightly marbled with rose-crimson on 
a white ground. 

SPECKLED BEAUTY 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, lightly marbled with liglit rose-crimson 

on a primrose ground. 
Comparison — Is Pink Friar on a primrose ground. 
Synonyms — Domino (Henderson, 1905) is the same variety. 
Remarks — The history of Speckled Beauty and Pink Friar indicates that they cannot 

be li.xed. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 275 



Mauve 

ADMIRATION 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1900. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A rosy lavender. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-3); wings 188 (2). Flower 
of medium size or larger, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, some- 
times showing trace of an apical notch; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
keel. Flowers three, irregularly placed on very long, strong stems. Very fragrant. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets 
narrow, pointed; axiUary color with the leaflets and sometimes with the leaves; 
tendrils green. 

Remarks — " Coauette X Emily Eckford." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 

ARGOSY 

Originated by . Introduced by House. 

Description in brief — Lavender pink. 

DOROTHY TENNANT 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Large, hooded; flower rosy mauve, changing to heliotrope. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (2), changing to heHo- 
trope 188 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower medium to large, hooded form; 
standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, con- 
ceaUng the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, medium stems. Very fragrant. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Newly open flowers of Dorothy Tennant resemble those of Emily Eck- 
ford, but the latter shade off toward blue. 

EMILY ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Boddington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A purple-mauve, changing to light blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2); wings 

become more blue as the flower ages. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 

standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with notched top; wings long and broad, 

concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. 

Bloom profuse, continuous. Simproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 

pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Dorothy Tennant resembles the recently opened blossoms. 
Remarks — A cross between Mrs. Sankey and Splendour. Offered in America by 

Breck in 1893. 

FASCINATION 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 

Description in brief —" Standard magenta mauve; wings deep mauve."— Eckford's 
catalogue. 



276 Bulletin 342 

MRS. BIEBERSTEDT 

Originated by . Inlroduced by Bell & Biebcrstedt, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A deep lavender self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2), changing 
to heliotrope 188 (1-3). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly 
hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, 
usually three, on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. vSunproof. Plant 
of strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 

Remarks — Distinct, and a very desirable variety for the garden. 

MRS. TOM FOGG 

Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — " Mauve tinted pink." — vSweet Pea Annual. 

MRS. WALTER WRIGHT 

Originated by Eckford. hitrodiiced by Eckford, 1903. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Standard heliotrope, wings violet. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shades from pale light lilac 187 (2) to helio- 
trope 188 (2); wings bishop's violet 189 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard 
large, extremely hooded, with round top; wings long and very broad, partly open. 
Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Color intermediate between Dorothy Tennant and Emily Eckford. 
Mrs. Walter Wright is larger than either. 

ROMOLO PIAZZANI 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. 

Donated by 'QoAdington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A violet-blue, the wings changing to light lilac. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings pale light lilac 
187 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
equidistant on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils 
green. 

Comparison — Less blue than Emily Eckford. 

Orange Shades 

BOLTON'S PINK 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1905. 

Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — An orange-pink variety. 

Description hi detail — Color bronzy old rose 148 (4); wings dark old rose 149 (l). 
Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, without apical notch; wings 
long and broad, partly open. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
erately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — Is distinct from Miss Wilmoft. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 277 

BUTTONHOLE 

Originated by . Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Description in brief — A salmon-pink variety. 

CHANCELLOR 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Description in brief — Bright orange-pink. 

Comparison — Lady Penzance is said to be practically the same, but is perhaps a little 
lighter. 

LADY MARY CURRIE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Crimson-tinted orange. 

MISS WILMOTT 

Originated by . Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Orange-pink, shaded with rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-old rose 145 (2), edge purple-rose 
150 (4); wings dark old rose 149 (2) in front and purple-rose 150 (2) on the back. 
Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, without apical notch; wings 
long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fra- 
grant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of very tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — Is less resistant to hot sunshine than Miss Wilmott Improved. 

MISS WILMOTT IMPROVED 

Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Donated by Watkins & Simpson. 

Description in brief — " Orange pink shaded rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

Comparison — This proved to be a good strain of Miss Wilmott. 

MRS. J. MILLER 

Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — Salmon-pink self. 

ORIENTAL 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Description in brief — Bright orange-pink, veined with a deeper shade. 

Picotee Edged (Lavender and Blue group) 

BUTTERFLY 

Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 1878. 

Donated by Morse', for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — White, tinted purple and edged with blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings edged lobelia blue 205 (1-2) on a 
purplish-tinted ground 6 (3-4). Flower small to medium size, hooded form; 



278 Bulletin 342 

standard small to medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings short and broad. 

Flowers two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, 

strong, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Butterfly, Maid of Honor, and Lottie Eckford vary in the amount of 

coloring distributed in the flower. 
Remarks — One of the most important varieties ever grown. 

DOLLY VARDEN 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — Standard light purple, with lighter edges; wings light purple-blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (3-4); wings heliotrope 
188 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded 
when side notches are present, flat, with narrow base; wings long and broad. Flow- 
ers two to three, equidistant on .stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — vStandard not the same color as .Splendid Lilac. Described by Morse as 
practically a hooded form of Splendid Lilac. 

GOLDEN GATE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Description in brief — Standard soft pinkish mauve; wings light mauve. Flowers 
have peculiarly shaped wings, which stand up against the standard. 

IVY MILLER 

Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 1908. 

Donated by Burpee. 

Description in brief — A light lilac, edged with blue and violet. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings pale light lilac 187 (i); standard 
picotee-edged with aniline blue 202 (3); wings picotee-edged with violet-mauve 
195 (i). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth, healthy. Leaflets narrow, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Lottie Eckford in form and size. Has more color suffused 
in the flower. Superseded by Phenomenal." 

LOTTIE ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 

Donated by 'Qoddmgton, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A lilac-white variety, picotee-edged with blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-4), edged with 
ageratum blue 201 (3). Many double flowers. Flower medium to large, hooded 
form; standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, 
concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 
fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Butterfly is somewhat similar, but has less color when the flower opens 
and is smaller in size. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 279 

MAID OF HONOR 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 

Description in brief — White, edged and shaded with light blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (2-3), edged with 
ageratum blue 201 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
medium size, hooded, with round top and many side notches; wings long and broad, 
concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 

Comparison — Lottie Eckford is superior. 

Synonyms — Butterfly Improved (Henderson Catalogue, 1898) is a synonym. 

PHENOMENAL 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Henderson, 1905. 

Donated by Morse, Vick, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — White, shaded and edged with mauve and heliotrope. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (3-4), picotee-edged with 
violet-mauve 195 (i) changing to heliotrope 188 (i); wings edged with Parma 
violet 200 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, sometimes 
inclined to be wavy; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to 
three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 

Remarks — The best of the picotee-edged blue varieties of this form. One of the best 
doubles. 

Picotee Edged (Pink group) 

DAINTY 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish-tinted white 6 (i), edged with violet- 
rose 154 (i), deeper color on back; wings purplish-tinted white, edge same; general 
effect is pure white with pink edges; primrose-yellow in the bud. Flower of medium 
size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, shell-shaped, with 
round top; wings long and narrow. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong 
stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed; tendrils green; color appears in axils of leaves and leaflets. 

Synonyms — • Pink Butterfly is a synonym. 

Remarks — Some seed was sent out for advance trial in 1902. 

NYMPHAEA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amber- white 12 (2); wings 12 (i), changing 
to pale light lilac 187 (i) except the top flower, which remains white. Flower of 
medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with slightly 
wavy edges and round top; wings long and broad, upright. Flowers three, equi- 
distant on the stem. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; axillary color in leaves and 
leaflets. 



28o Bulletin 342 

Pink 

FLORRIE CRUTCHER 

Originated hv ^ . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — Rose-pink, veined witli deeper pink. 

LORD DERBY 

Originated by . • Introduced by May, 1894. 

Description in detail — " Flowers small. Standard slightly concave, wedge-shaped. 

Color, standard pink, wings purple-pink. Bloom medium." — Bulletin iii of this 

station. 
Remarks — Color illustration appears on bark cover of May's catalogue for 1895. 

LOVELY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Donated by Boddington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a white 
ground; color lighter at edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
medium size, hooded, with roimd top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flow- 
ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Compariscn — The perfected type, of which Peach Blossom, Isa Eckford, and Crown 
Princess of Prussia are inferior examples. 

MRS. E. HERBERT 

Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 

Description in brief — Lilac-pink, veined deeper. 

MRS. KNIGHTS-SMITH 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 

Description in brief — A pink self, hooded, with wide-spreading wings. 

PRIMA DONNA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A pure pink self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower 
above medium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with 
round top; wings of medium size, short and broad, varying from partly open to 
spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Very 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant tall, strong, vigorous, healthy. Leaflets broad; 
tendrils colored; color shown in axils of peduncles and leaflets. 

Comparison — Blushing Beauty is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is slightly 
darker and is smaller. 

Remarks — Tlie leading jjink variety of the old type. 

QUEEN OF PINKS 

Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 1901. 

Synonyms — Said to be another name for Prima Donna. 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XX 




Prima Donna 



fu 




Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 2S1 

ROSE QUEEN 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1905. 

Description in brief — A rosy pink self. 

ROYAL ROBE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Description in brief — A light pink self. 

Striped and Flaked (Chocolate stripes) 

SENATOR 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, chocolate-striped variety. 

Description in detait — Standard and wings striped with purple-brown 166 (1-2) on a 

purplish-tinted 6 (2) ground. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, 

with round top; wings long and broad. Fragrant. 

Striped and Flaked (Mauve or blue) 

CAPRICE 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1888. 

Description in brief — "White watered and striped with mauve." — Henderson's 
catalogue. 

DOUGLAS BREADMORE 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 

Description in brief — Slightly hooded, flaked with bright purple. 

JUANITA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 

Dcnated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — White, standard striped with mauve and wings striped with 

lavender. 
Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) 

ground; wings suffused with heliotrope. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 

standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long 

and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 

Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. 
Comparison — Similar to Striped Celestial (Lorenz, 1897). 
Remarks — The stock of this was mixed. 

NITA 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 

Description in brief — A pale mauve stripe on a white ground. 
Comparison — Superseded by Juanita. 

PRINCESS OF WALES 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 

Description in brief — A hooded flower, striped with mauve and purple on white. 
Comparison — Between Senator and Wawona in color. 



282 Bulletin 342 

STRIPED CELESTIAL 

Originated by Lorenz. Introduced by Lorenz, 1897. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (i) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) 

ground; wings suffused with heliotrope. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 

standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long 

and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 

Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. 
Comparison — Similar to Juanita. 
Remarks — The stock of this was pure. 

STRIPED TENNANT 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 

Description in brief — " A darker form of Nita." — Walker's catalogue. 

UNIQUE 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 

Donated by Rawson. 

Description in brief — White, striped with light blue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard Parma violet 200 (3) on a white ground; wings 
Parma violet 200 (1-2) on a white ground. Flower of medium size; standard of 
medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing 
the keel. Flowers two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- 
tinuous. Garden variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. 

Comparison — May be known as Flora Norton striped white. 

Remarks — A distinct variety. 

WAWONA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A lilac stripe on a white ground. 

Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 154 (4), wings striped with 
magenta 182 (i), both on a purplish-tinted white 6 (4) ground. Flower of medium 
size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long 
and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaf- 
lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Juanita is a lighter color. 

Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) 

EASTERN QUEEN 

Description in brief — " Slightly flaked on cream ground." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

FLORENCE MOLYNEAUX 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1905. 

Description in brief — Lightly striped with rose on a primrose ground. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 283 

GOLDEN ROSE 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amber- white 12 (3); wings amber-white 
12 (1-2), faintly striped with pink, which in hot sunshine quickly disappears. 
Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 
very large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 

JESSIE CUTHBERTSON 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 1903. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — - Pink stripe on a primrose ground. 

Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (3) stripes on a yellowish white 13 
(2) ground. Flower medium to large; standard medium to large, hooded, with 
round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 

Comparison — Sunset is darker. 

LOTTIE HUTCHINS 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 

Description in brief — Slightly hooded, light pink stripe on a primrose ground. 

SUNSET 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 

Donated by Vaughan, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2) stripes on a purplish- 
tinted 6 (1-2) ground; wings 150 (2-3) on 6 (2-3) ground. Flower large, hooded 
form; standard large, shghtly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. 
Flowers two, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. 

Comparison — Appeared to be a little more heavily striped, and at this station a little 
larger, than Jessie Cuthbertson. 

Remarks — A badly mixed lot, from white to pink and lavender. 

Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on white ground) 

ANNIE STARK 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded flower. Lightly striped with light 

crimson on a white ground. 
Comparison — A heavier stripe than Ramona, but otherwise similar. 

AURORA 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 

Donated by Burpee, 19 10, 191 1. 

Description in brief — White, striped with orange-rose. 

Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a sulfury white 14 (i) ground. 
Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with rotmd top; wings long and 



284 Bulletin 342 

broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
erately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden or exhibition variety. 
Plant of medium growth, stout, healthy. 

Comparison — Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain does not have the orange tint. Coronet is 
the true open form of this variety, but becomes pale on the edges. 

Remarks — This variety and Dorothy Eckford represent the perfection of the hooded 
form. 

BRITANNIA 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1904. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower, flaked with crimson on a white ground. 

CAPRICE 

Originated by . Introduced by Jolonson, 1906. 

Description in brief — A large, slightly hooded flower, delicately striped with carmine 
on a white ground. 

GAIETY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — A red stripe on a rosy white groimd. 

Description in detail — Color of stripes of standard and wings solferino-red 157 (1-2) 
on a rosy white ground. Flower of medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, 
slightly hooded, showing both notched and round apices; wings long and broad. 
Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 
narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

LIGHT GAIETY 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 

Description in brief — A light form of Gaiety. 
Comparison — Superseded by Ramona. 

MIKADO 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, flaked with bright rose-crimson on a white 
ground. 

MRS. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 

Description in brief — White, striped with rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings rosy white 8 (1), striped with 
purple-rose 150 (i). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round 
top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, 
strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
medium height and stout, vigorous, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Does not have the orange tint seen in Aurora. 

Remarks — Said to be a cross between Captain of the Blues and Mrs. Sankey. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the wSweet Pea 285 

OREGONIA 

Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1899. 

Description in brief — A hooded flower, striped with brownish red on a white ground. 

RAMONA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A light pink stripe on a white ground. 

Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on 
a lilacy white 7 (i) ground. 

White 

""^ ALBATROSS 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 

Descriptioti in brief — A pure white, black-seeded variety. 

BLANCHE BURPEE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A slightly hooded, pure white variety. 

Description in detail — Flower medium to large, slightly hooded form; standard medium 

large; wings notched. Flowers two to three, on short, slender stems. Productive. 

Wet weather injures flowers. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Seed white. 

DOROTHY ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white flower of ideal hooded form. 

Description in detail —~ Color of standard and wings amber- white 12 (i), becoming 

pure white. Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 

large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 

Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A leading market variety. 

Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves dark green. Seed white. 
Remarks — The ideal hooded type. 

FINETTA BATHURST 

Originated by Bathurst. Introduced by Mackereth, 1908. 

Description in brief — A large, slightly hooded, white variety. 

MRS. SANKEY 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1 889. 

Description in brief — A pure white, black-seeded variety. 

SADIE BURPEE (black-seeded) 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Donated by Burpee, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purpHsh-tinted white 6 (3); wings purplish- 
tinted white 6 (i). Flower large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; 



286 Bulletin 742 

wings medium broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
Very fragrant. Plant of tall, erect, wiry growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils 
colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. 

SADIE BURPEE (v/hite-seeded) 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard sage tint 4 (i); wings snow white 2(1). Flower 
large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, 
concealing the keel. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Stems long and strong, 
with three flowers. Plant of tall growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils green; 
no color in axils. 

Remarks — There is a form with black seed which shows a pinkish tint in the flowers. 

THE BRIDE 

Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 

Description in brief — A white-flowered variety of the type of Mrs. Eckford. 
Rejtiarks — This variety has white seed and was introduced as a white selection of Mrs. 
Eckford. 

WHITE WONDER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white variety. 

Description in detail — Color of stimdard and wings creamy white 10 (i); flower prim- 
rose when it opens, but changes to pure white. Flower large, double; standards 
often two or three, large and hooded; wings large, long and broad, partly open. 
Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems; fully one half are double under good 
culture. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Remarks — The best double white among the older type of sweet peas. 

Yellow Shades 

ALBION 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 

Description in brief — An ivory-white variety. 

CREAM OF BROCKHAMPTON 

Originated by Foster. Introduced by Foster, 1902. 

Description in brief — "A cream self." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

FORTY-NINER 

Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant 

Company, 1898. 

Description in brief — "A soft sulphur-yellow self." — Sweet Pea Review. 
Comparison — Henderson placed this variety in the discard list in 1899, recommending 
Golden Gleam as superior. 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XXII 




James Grieve 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 287 

GOLDEN GLEAM 

Originated by . Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 1897. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — • Described as a yellow fonn of Blanche Burpee. 

Synonyms — Same as Mrs. Eckford. 

JAMES GRIEVE 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, Rawson, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, yellow variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard sulfury white 14 (2-3); wings sulfury white 
14 (3-4). Flower large, open form.; standard large and erect, with occasional 
tendency to become slightly hooded and to show trace of the top notch; wings 
long and broad, spreading laterally, tending to parallel the standard. Flowers 
two to three, on extra long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
of tall, strong growth. 

MRS. A. MALCOLM 

Originated by Alexander Malcolm. Introduced by E. W. King, Mackereth, 1909. 

Description in brief — A primrose self. 

MRS. COLLIER 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A rich primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (2); wings amber- white 
12 (i). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 
Jong and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium 
length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Substance good. Plant of strong, tall 
growth. Foliage dark green. 

Comparison — A primrose Dorothy Eckford. 

Synonyms — Dora Cowper (Breadmore, 1907) and Mrs. R. F. Felton (Bolton, 1907). 

MRS. ECKFORD 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 

Donated by Burpee, 19 10, 191 1. 

Description in brief — ^A large, semi-hooded, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2); wings yellowish 
white 13 (2-3). Flower above medium size; standard medium, slightly hooded, 
with round top; wings medium, short and broad. Flowers two to three, on very 
long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. 

Synonyms — Golden Gleam appears to be the same variety. 

QUEEN VICTORLA 

Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
Description in brief — A light primrose, with a tinge of pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-2); buds with a 
pinkish tinge, but more color in buds than in those of Mrs. Eckford; the pink color 



288 Bulletin 342 

disappears ns the flower opens. Flower above medium size; standard of medium 
size, hooded; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils colored at 
first, becoming green. Seed black. 

SAFRANO 

Originated by Gilbert & Son. Introduced by Gilbert, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A primrose variety. 

THE HONORABLE MRS. E. KENYON 

Originated by Eckiord. Introduced by Eckiord, 1901. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A large, semi-hooded, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (3); wings yellowish white 

13 (2). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of 

medium size, broad. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate strength. 

Fragrant. Plant of strong, tall growth. Plant, leaves, and stems have a yellow 

tinge. 

YELLOW HAMMER 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1909. 

Description in brief — A sulfitr-yellow self. 



EXTREME HOODED VARIETIES 

Snapdragon 

PINK SNAPDRAGON 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a rosy 
white 8 (i) ground. Flower small, snapdragon form. Stems long. 

PURPLE SNAPDRAGON 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shades from bishop's violet 189 (2-3) to 

bright violet 190 (2-4); wings lilacy white 7 (4) to rich pansy-violet 191 (2-3). 

Flower of medium size, snapdragon form. Stems long. 

RED RmiNG HOOD 

Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant 

Company, 1897. 
Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
Description in brief — A crimson snapdragon variety. 
Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1 19 (4) on a rosy white 8 (i) 

ground; wings Tyrian rose 155 (i). Flower large, snapdragon form; standard 

envelops the wings. 
Remarks — Tlie first of the snapdragon varieties. 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XXIV 




Salvation Lassie 



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Apple Blossom Spencer 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea- 289 

SALVATION LASSIE 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 

Description in brief — " Light carmine, standards and wings hooded like a bonnet." — 
Burpee's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet- rose 154 (i) on a rosy white groimd; 
wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2) on a rosy white ground. Flower large, snapdragon 
form; standard short, folded over wings like a bonnet; wings of usual type. 

Comparison — vSimilar to Red Riding Hood, but with standard more fiolly developed. 

Remarks — Valuable as a curiosity. 

WHITE SNAPDRAGON 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 

Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
Description in brief — A white snapdragon variety. 



WAVED VARIETIES 
Bicolor 

APPLE BLOSSOM SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large to very large, waved, rose bicolor; garden, market, or 

exhibition variety. 
Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4), wings violet-rose 154 (1-2), 

on a faint primrose ground. Standard large, much waved; wings very large, waved. 

Flowers two to four, on long, very stout stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse and 

continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
Comparison — A misnomer, for it is not like Apple Blossom. It should be called 

Jeannie Gordon Spencer, as the ground tint is primrose. 
Remarks — Introducer's stock pure in 19 10. 

ARTHUR UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 

Donated by Unwin, 19 10. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor; carmine-purple and mauve-rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2); wings mauve- 
rose 153 (i). Standard large, slightly waved; wings waved, long and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Sun- 
proof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 

Comparison — A deeper color than Colleen when viewed on the plants. 

BLANCHE* FERRY SPENCER 

Donated by Rawson, Vick, 1910. 

Description in brief — Supposed to be a waved variety of the color of Blanche Ferry. 

Remarks — Mostly Apple Blossom Spencer. Contains a few Blanche Ferry, but 
they are not in Spencer form. Both stocks mixed with White Spencer and other 
varieties. Nothing has been received at this station since 1910 that could be called 
Blanche Ferry Spencer. 

COLLEEN 

Originated by William Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 o. 

Donated by Deal, 1910, 191 2. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2), wings violet-rose 
154 (i), on a primrose ground. Flower large, w'aved form; standard large, waved; 
wings large, exposing the keel. Flowers three to four, on strong stems. Plant of 
average growth, strong, healthy. Tendrils colored. 

Remarks — An unfixed stock in 1910. Some of the sports approach George Herbert. 
In 1912 the stock was variable. Some flowers have white wings and carmine- 
purple standards and some are almost selfs; many show mottled flowers, especi- 
ally as the flowers age. 

MRS. ANDREW IRELAND 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4); wings lilac-rose 152 (i). 
Standard large; waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- 

290 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 291 

ers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
Sunproof. Plant of medium height, more slender than most waved varieties, 
and of healthy growth. 
Remarks — Has many double flowers. 

MRS CUTHBERTSON 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Burpee, Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (2-3); wings violet rose 
154 (1-4); has a tendency to produce mottled flowers. Flower large to very large, 
waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and broad. Flowers usually 
threo, sometimes four, on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant 
of medium height, healthy, vigorous. Tendrils colored. 

Remarks — An improved Apple Blossom. The best variety in this color section. 

NEW IMPROVED LUCY HEMUS 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 191 o. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — ^A large, waved, bicolor variety. 

Description in detail — Color lilac-rose, standard 152 {2-T)), wings 152 (1-2), on a 

primrose ground. 
Synonyms — Synonymous with Apple Blossom Spencer, the probability of which 

the introducer admits. 
Remarks — A very unfixed stock. The flowers became very mottled during the latter 

part of August. 

TRIUMPH SPENCER 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1909. 

Donated by Unwin, 191.O. 

Description in brief — - A rose bicolor. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (3-4); wings violet-rose 

154(1)- 
Comparison — A smaller, inferior, shorter-stemmed Apple Blossom Spencer, also of 

weaker growth. Distinct from Mrs. Andrew Ireland. 
Remarks — Not fixed. Described as a salmon-pink bicolor. 

Blue 

BLUE JACKET 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. 

Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 

Description in brief — A navy blue, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Standard dark purple 191 (i); wings violet-purple 192 (2). 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; wings long and broad, 
spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. A 
moderately productive variety. Plants of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed. 

Remarks — In 1913 this variety broke up, giving one half dark blue stripes. Had it 
not done this it might be recommended as the best dark blue variety. 



292 Bulletin 342 

FLORA NORTON SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Waldo Rohnert, 1912. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved, blue variety for the garden. 

Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (i); wings 201 (2). Stand- 
ard medium large, waved slightly; wings of medmm size, long and narrow, conceal- 
ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Not so pure a blue as Flora Norton. Does not equal Countess Spencer 
in size. 

Remarks — Contained plant of Navy Blue in 1910. 

LESLIE IMBER 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 3. 

Donated by Unwin. 

Description in brief — Described as a medium blue, with deeper wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings light bluish 

vi£)let 202 (1-2); both become more blue with age. Flower large, waved form; 

standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 

to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 

Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green. 

MARGARET MADISON 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 191 2; Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, clear pale blue self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 199 (i); wings lavender-blue 
204 (i), sometimes flaked darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium 
stems. No fragrance. Moderately productive. Wet weather injures badly. 
Plant of medium height. Leaflets stout, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Slightly larger than Flora Norton Spencer. 

MAY FARQUHAR 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 

Donated by Unwin, 191 3. 

Description in brief — A deep blue, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 172 (3-4), overlaid with deep 
. purple; wings bright violet-purple 190 (2-3), with darker-colored back. Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, conceal- 
ing the keel. Flowers three to four, placed equidistant, close, on strong stems of 
medium length. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, round; tendrils green. 

Remarks — Probably the best dark blue waved variety that is fixed. 

SHAWONDASEE 
Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
Description in brief — A medium-sized, garden variety. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 293 

Description in detail — Color of standard at base light bluish violet 202 (i), the upper 
part heliotrope 188 (2-3); wings 202 (i); the standard loses its pink color, becoming 
like the wings. Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings of medium size, 
long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom pro- 
fuse. Plant of ordinary growth. Seed mottled. 

Comparison — On trial grounds a deeper blue than Zephyr or Flora Norton Spencer. 

Remarks — Stock pure. 

SOUTHCOTE BLUE 

Originated by Sutton. Introduced by Sutton, 1913. 

Donated by Sutton, 1913. 

Description in brief — A waved, deep blue variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (1-2); wings lavender- 
blue 204 (1-2). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard moderately large, 
slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom medium. Sunproof. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Comparison — Resembles Flora Norton Spencer. 

ZEPHYR 

Originated by BiflFen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1909. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (i); wings 201 (2-3). 

Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings of medium size, long and narrow. 

Flowers three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 

growth. Seed small, yellow-brown, wrinkled. 
Comparison — Similar to Flora Norton Spencer. 
Remarks — One stock fixed. 

Blush 

BLUSH QUEEN 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — A blush-pink of Unwin form. An excellent garden variety. 
Description in detail — Color lilacy white 7 (i), fading to white. Flower medium to 

large; standard medium to large, Unwin type; wings small, short and narrow, 

partly open. Flowers three, on long stems. Fragrant. Bloom very profuse. 

Plant of tall and moderately strong growth. Color in axils of leaflets. Seed 

black. 
Remarks — A fixed stock. One of the best in the blush-pink group. 

BOBBY K. 

Originated by Chandler. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink, fine garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (i). Standard 
large, Spencer-waved; wings of medium size, partly open. Flowers three, on long, 
strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of moderately 
strong and vigorous growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed round, black. 



294 Bulletin 342 

Comparison — Color is lighter than Florence Morse Spencer. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

FLORENCE MORSE SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Morse. 

Description in brief — A large, waved variety, for home, market, or exhibition use. 

Delicate blush, with pink margin. 
Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (i); wings, front 130 (2), 

back 130 (3-4). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, long and broad. 

Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
Comparison — Similar to Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes, which has the prior name. 
Remarks — One stock pure. 

LADY ALTHORP 

Originated by Silas Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1908. 

Donated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in briefs Introducer describes it as blush-white, changing to pure white. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (3); wings mauve-rose 153 (l). 
Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, Unwin form; wings long and 
narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long stems of fair strength. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Color in axils of leaves. 

Comparison — Not equal to Mrs. Sankey Spencer, with which it is often grouped. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. A deeper pink than any other variety of this group. 

LADY EVELYN EYRE 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 191 2. 

Donated by Sydenham, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, blush-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Standard cream-white, edged and flushed with bright rose 
128 (i); wings lighter than 128 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard 
very large, waved, often double; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
stance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
green. 

Comparison — Resembles Florence Morse Spencer in color, but is larger, has stronger 
stems, and gives a higher percentage of double or triple standards. The plant is 
stronger than Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes. 

Remarks — The finest of the blush-pink varieties in 19 12 and 191 3. 

LILA 

Originated by T. H. Dipnall. Introdtcced by Dipnall, 1913. 

Donated by Dipnall, 19 13. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 ( i ) , veined and flushed with 
pale lilac; wings snow white 2 (i). Flower medium large, waved form; standard 
large, very slightly waved; wings short, broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 
Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — This appears to be distinct. Promising. Stock without color rogues. 




I 



BUI.I.KTIN 342 



Plate XXVII 




John Ingman 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 295 

LORNA DOONE 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910. 

Comparison — Said to be similar to Florence Morse Spencer and Bobby K. 
Remarks — Only one seed grew, and the plant produced white flowers without any 
trace of color. 

MRS. HARDCASTLE SYKES 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1906. 

Donated by Boddington, Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink variety. 

Comparison — Indistinguishable from Florence Morse Spencer, and has the prior name. 

Remarks — One stock badly mixed. 

PARADISE REGAINED 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large-flowered, blush, garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color purplish-tinted white 6 (2-3). Standard large, slightly 
waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on very long, 
strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils 
colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed large, round, black. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

PRINCESS CATHERINE 

Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 

Donated by Vick, 19 10. 

Comparison — The blush-pink selection was not superior to Blush Queen. 

Remarks — A very much mixed stock, containing plants with blush-pink, pink, prim- 
rose, and white flowers. 

PRINCESS VICTORIA 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Stark, Morse, Rohnert, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, light pink variety, especially fine for exhibition. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 
153 (1-2). Flower large to very large; standard large to very large, very much 
waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, on long, 
strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
Tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Opening flowers a deeper pink than Florence Morse Spencer, but fading 
to the same color. In 19 10 was superior to Florence Morse Spencer and IMrs. 
Hardcastle Sykes, and this has since been verified. 

Remarks — A pure stock. Some seed-growers have assumed that this is Florence 
Morse Spencer, but such stocks can be distinguished from the true Princess Victoria. 

^^™"°® E. J. CASTLE 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety, for garden or market use. 



296 Bulletin 342 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solfcrino-red 157 (i). 
Standard fairly large, Unwin form; wings long and broad, hooded. Flowers two 
to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse. 

Comparison — Similar to John Ingman in color, but not so wavy nor so large. More 
productive than John Ingman. 

Remarks — Two stocks pure. Unwin's stock was superior to all others. 

GEORGE HERBERT 

Originated by Breadmorc. In'roduced by Breadmore, 1906. 

Donated by Morse, Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose variety. 
Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. 

Remarks — Both stocks mixed, one with Othello, the other with White Spencer and 
Frank Dolby, one plant each. 

JOHN INGMAN 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Sydenham, 1905. 

Donated by Boddington, Cole, Dobbie, Morse, Unwin. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose, fmc, exhibition variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solferino-red 157 (i). 
Standard large to very large, very waved; wings large, long, waved, concealing 
the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance very slight or 
none. Bloom free, continuous. Growth strong, vigorous, healthy. Seed black. 

Comparison — Superior to E. J. Castle in form. 

Remarks — All stocks were pure as to color. The English stocks were superior in 
form. The leader of its color. 

PARADISE CARMINE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, carminc-rosc variety. 

Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

PHYLLIS UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1906. 

Donated by Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (i); wings solferino-red 157 (i). 
Standard large, Unwin form; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, 
strong stems. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Seed 
round and black. 

Comparison — Similar to E. J. Castle, iDut paler. 

Remarks — English stock pure. 

Cerise 

CHRISSIE UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 

Donated by Unwin, igio. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, cerise variety, suitable for home decoration. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 297 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose (cerise) 152 (4); wings deep cerise 
123 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings partly open, long 
and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or 
lacking. Bloom profuse. Burns badly in sunshine. Growth below medium 
height, slender. Tendrils colored and clinging. Seed black. 

Comparison — Superior to Coccinea Paradise. 

Remarks — A pure stock. The variety lacks size. 

COCCINEA PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in briej' — A cerise variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 119 (3-4); wings 119 (i). 

Synonyms — Appears to be Coccinea. 

Remarks — Badly mixed with Red Paradise. 

Cream, Buff, and Ivory 

ALTHORP CREAM 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 

Donated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). 
Standard large, waved; wings long, very broad, concealing the keel. Substance 
poor. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of fair length. Moderately 
fragrant. Fairly productive. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 

Comparison — Not equal to Primrose Spencer or Clara Curtis, which it is said to 
resemble. 

Remarks — A mixed stock in 19 10. 

CLARA CURTIS 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, Sharpe, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). 

Flower large to very large; standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, waved. 

Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 

Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Seed white. 
Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer (Burpee, 1908), but all flowers truly waved. 
Remarks — Both stocks pure. 

BOBBIE'S CREAM 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (1-2). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, sometimes double or triple; opens rich yellow, 
becoming lighter. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Productive. 
Sunprftof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 



298 Bulletin 342 

DOUBLE PRIMROSE BEAUTY 

Originated by Stark. Introdjiced by Stark, 1912. 

Donated by Stark, 19 12. 

Description in ir/>/ ^ Similar to Primrose Beauty in every respect except that it 
produces a few more double flowers. 

ELAINE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, ivory variety of waved form, useful for garden 
purposes. 

Description in detail — Color of standard fleshy white 9 (2-3) ; wings fleshy white 
9 (3-4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, waved slightly; wings 
of medium size, short and broad, partly open, hooded. Flowers two to four, 
usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Some color in axils of leaves. Seed black. 

Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. 

Remarks — Does not fulfill the originator's description. 

GIANT CREAM ^kVED 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 

Donated by Deal, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, cream variety. 

Description in detail — Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes 

double; wings long and broad. Flowers usually three, sometimes four, on long, 

strong stems. Productive. 
Comparison — Not exceptional in size, being equal to Dobbie's Cream in this respect. 

ISOBEL MALCOLM 

Originated by Malcolm. ^ Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 

Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (1-3). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, 
spreading. Flowers three to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Moder- 
ately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, 
with axillary color; tendrils green. 

Comparison — The general eff'ect is paler than Clara Curtis. An excellent variety. 

LADY KNOX 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, flushed with pink on a cream ground. 
Description in detail — ColoY of standard fleshy white 9 (4), edges flushed with pale 

rosy pink 129 (i), brightest on the back; wings fleshy white 9 (i), with more 

delicate edge of pink. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; 

wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers on long, strong stems; many doubles. 

Very fragrant. Very productive. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Tendrils green. 



Bulletin' 342 



Plate XXVIII 




Elaine 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XXIX 




Sunproof King 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 299 

Comparison — At this station this variety was much superior to Paradise Ivory. 
Remarks — A very beautiful variety; deserves to be included in all collections. 

MAY PERRETT SPENCER 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 1913. 

Donated by Boddington, 1913. 

Description in brief — Light pink on a buff grovrnd. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light buff, flushed with pink. 

Flower of medium size, grandiflora form; standard of medium size, erect; wings 

short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 

No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. 

Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
Synonyms — Is May Perrett. 
Remarks — Stock true to type. 

PARADISE BEAUTY 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus. 

Description in brief — A fairly large, waved variety, of ivory color. 

Description in detail — Color rosy white 8 (1-2); wings 8 (3-4). Flower large; standard 
large, slightly waved; wings medium to large, long and broad, concealing the keel. 
Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A 
garden or market variety. Plant of moderately strong growth. Tendrils 
colored; color in axils. Seed black. 

Comparison — Has more substance and less pink color in the flowers than Paradise 
Ivory. 

Remarks — - A fixed stock. 

PARADISE IVORY 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, Stark, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color fleshy white 9 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly 
waved; wings broad and rnedium long, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
usually three, on long, moderately stout stems. Extremely fragrant. Bloom 
profuse. A home or market variety. Plant of medium height, strong. Color 
in axils of leaves. Seed black. 

Comparison — Lady Knox, a later introduction, surpasses this variety. 

PRIMROSE BEAUTY 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 12. 

Donated by Stark, 19 12. 

Description in brief — -A large, waved, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (2-3). Flower 

very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. 

Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant 

of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Dobbie's Cream opens with more yellow in the flowers. Appears to be 

Mrs. Collier in Spencer form. 
Remarks — The finest variety of this color. 



300 Bl'LLETIN 342 

PRIMROSE PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hcmus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (2-3); wings 10 (2). Plant 

of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 
Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

PRIMROSE SPENCER 

Originated by L. C. Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety, for garden, market, or exhibi- 
tion purposes. 

Description in detail — Front of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3), back 13 (4); 
wings 13 (1-2). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings very large, long 
and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, 
strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, 
vigorous growth. Seed white. 

Comparison — Similar to Clara Curtis (Bolton, 1908). 

Remarks — The standard variety of this color. 

QUEENIE 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1909. 

Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. 

Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shades from rosy white 8 (2-3) to pale rosy 
pink 129 (2-3) at the edge; wings lilacy white 7 (1-2). Flower large; standard 
large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
to four, on long, moderately strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of moderate growth. 
Tendrils green. Seed black. 

Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. 

Remarks — Badly unfixed in 1910. Fixed stock in 1912. 

QUEEN VICTORIA SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, black-seeded, primrose variety. 

Description in detail — Flower opens lilacy white 7 (4), changing to yellowish white 

13 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and broad, concealing the 

keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. 

Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed black. 
Comparison — Paradise Ivory is similar. 
Remarks — This variety, having dark-colored seed, is selected as the best cream variety, 

owing to difficulty in germinating varieties having light-colored seed. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 301 

SEAFOAM 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 

Dotiated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color creamy white 10 (1-2). Standard of medium size, 

slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 

on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or market variety. 

Plant of moderately strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of 

leaflets. 
Comparison — The wings are a deeper and brighter pink than those of Paradise Ivory. 
Remarks — A fixed stock. 



Cream-Pink (Deep) 



CONSTANCE OLIVER 



Originated by W. Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 

Descriptioti in detail — Color of standard peach blossom (pink suffused with cream) 
127 (i); wings bright rose 128 (i). Flower very large; standard very large, much 
waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually 
three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
height and strong growth. Tendrils colored. 

Comparison — ■ Nell Gwynne is similar but is not fixed. Paradise Constance Oliver 
is an unfixed strain of this variety. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

DORIS USHER 

Originated by A. E. Usher. Introduced by Sutton, 191 1. 

Donated by Sutton, 191 2. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (1-2) ; wings rosy pink 118 (2-3). 

Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved; 

wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, 

strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 

strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
Comparison — Smaller than Mrs. Routzahn, but similar to it. Smaller flower, and 

lighter, softer, more even color, than Constance Oliver. 

MARY GARDEN 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912^ 

Description in brief — A large, waved, double, cream-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (1-2); wings same, with tinge 

of Tyrian rose 155 (i) on edge. Flower very large, waved form; standard very 

large, much waved, often double; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 

Flowers three, irregular on long, slender stems. Moderately fragrant. Sunproof. 

Plant of tall, slender growth. 
Comparison — Burpee called a strain of this variety Duplex Mary Garden, 
Remarks — Stock contained color rogues. 



302 Bulletin 342 

MINNIE FURNELL 

Originated by W. E. Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1912. 

Donated by Alsen, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A pale pink, with a cream blotch at base of standard. 

Description in detail — Color of standard light rose 128 (i or lighter), with cream 
blotch at base; wings light rose 128 (i inside and 2-3 outside). Flower large, 
waved form; standard large, slightly waved. Flowers two to three, equidistant 
on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant in 191 2. 
Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 



MIRIAM BEAVER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 19 10. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, Spencer- waved variety, of unusual color. 

Description in detail — The predominating color was as follows : standard salmon- 
pink 126 (1-2); wings 126 (i), shading to 126 (2-3) at base. Standard large, 
Spencer- waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, usually 
three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight. Bloom free. Sunproof. Plant 
of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Seed large, dark brown. 

Comparison — Deeper salmon-pink than Mrs. Routzahn. 

Remarks — Very unfixed. 

MRS. GIBBS BOX 

Originated by James Box. Introduced by Box, 1912. 

Donated by Box. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (i), wings 1 18 (2-3), on a cream 

ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long 

and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. 

Little or no fragrance. Moderately productive. Plant of very tall, stout growth. 

Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Is a lighter pink and has more cream than Constance Oliver. Has 

better stem and is more productive than Minnie Fumell. 



NATOMA 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912. 

Donated by Morse, 19 12. 

Description in brief — A large, salmon-buff, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 {2-2,), inside tinted 
lilac-rose; wings lilac-rose 152 (i or lighter), sometimes with violet-rose tints. 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes double; wings short 
and broad, waved. Flowers irregular on very long, strong stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Appears to be a Venus of Spencer form. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 303 

NELL GWYNNE 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 

Donated by Stark, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, cream-pink, waved variety. 

Comparison — Similar to Constance Oliver. 

Remarks — One half or more of this stock were rogues of the color of John Ingman. 

OLIVE RUFFELL 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 

Donated by Stark (selected stock), 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, rosy salmon variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shades from lilacy white 8 (4) to bright rose 

128 (2-3) at base; wings purple-rose 150 (i). Standard and wings large and waved. 

Flowers two to four, usually three, on long stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 

Plant of strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. 
Comparison — This is a deeper-colored Constance Oliver. 
Remarks — Not quite fixed when grown here in 19 10. 

Cream-Pink (Pale) 

BERYL 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Donated &y Aldersey (Aldersey's No. 151), 1912. 

Description in brief — "A creamy pink self." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (i); wings bright rose 
128 (1-2), brighter on edge. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; 
wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers equidistant on strong stems. Moder- 
ately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. 

Comparison — More cream than Constance Oliver and more rosy pink than Doris 
Usher. 

CORONATION 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1912. 

Donated by Sydenham, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, pale cream-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i), overlaid 

with purple-rose 150 (i); the back of the standard is uniform with the color of the 

front, while the back of the wings is a deeper rose. Flower large, waved form; 

standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing 'the keel. Flowers 

three, equidistant, close, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. 

Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, dark 

green; tendrils colored. 
Remarks — There are many varieties very nearly like this, yet it is worthy of trial 

by growers of sweet peas. 

ELLA KELWAY 

Originated by . Introduced by Kelway, 19 12. 

Donated by Kelway, 191 2, 19 13. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, pale cream-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (2-3), overlaid 
and edged with light purple-rose; back of standard lighter in color and without 



304 Bulletin 342 

the edging; back of wings brighter pink. Flower kirge to very large, waved form; 
standard large, much waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
three to four, on strong stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Moderately 
productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaves broad, pointed, 
dark green. 
Remarks — A fine variety, but with such as Mrs. Routzahn, Mrs. Henry Bell, and 
Mrs. Hugh Dickson there seems no room for it. Stock true to type. 

GLADYS BURT 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, salmon-pink variety. Suitable for all 

purposes. 
Description in detail — Color mauve-rose 153 (2-3), on a primrose ground. Flower 

large to very large; standard large, very waved; wings long and broad, concealing 

the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 

Plant of fairly tall, vigorous, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of 

leaves. Seed dark brown, small, round. 
Comparisofi — Color is between that of Mrs. Routzahn and Constance Oliver. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

HOLDFAST BELLE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 

Comparison — Very similar to Mrs. Routzahn. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

JULIET 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 19 12. 

Donated by Deal, 1912. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 ( i ) , on a pale yellow ground ; 
wings rosy pink 118 (2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved 
slightly; wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers irregular on long, strong 
stems. No fragrance. Bloom productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. 

Comparison — Less vivid than Mrs. Routzahn at all stages. Worthy of trial because 
it gives a wider range of color within this group. 

LADY MILLER 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 

Donated by Malcolm, 1912. 

Description in brief — "Apricot on cream suffused pink." — Debbie's catalogue. 

Descripticn in detail — Color of standard and wings shrimp pink 75 (i or lighter). 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes double; 
wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregular on long, 
strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 
slender growth. Petioles and calyx brownish; tendrils colored. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 305 

Comparison — Better than Cherub. Not so large nor so much waved as Constance 

Oliver. 
Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

MRS. HENRY BELL 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 

Donated by Rohnert, 191 2. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, rich pink on a cream ground. 

Description in detail^ Color of standard bright rose 128 (i), with cream base; wings 
128 (i), with considerable lilac-rose on the edges. Flower large, waved form; 
standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 
Flowers two to three, irregularly spaced on strong stems of medium length. 
Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — More purplish pink than Mrs. Routzahn and not so much pink as Hold- 
fast Belle. 

MRS. HUGH DICKSON 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1910. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Morse, 1912. 

Description in brief — A very large, cream-pink, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 130 (i) on a creamy white ground; 
wings salmon-pink 128 (i). Standard very large and very waved; wings long and 
broad, partly open. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong 
stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant of strong growth. Seed large, round, 
black. 

Comparison — This variety is earlier and has lighter primrose color than Mrs. Routzahn. 

Remarks — A true stock. Commended. 

MRS. ROUTZAHN 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 

Description in brief — A very large, cream-pink Spencer, suitable for all purposes. 

Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on a yellowish white ground. Stand- 
ard very large and very waved; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
two to four, usually three, gracefully placed on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
Color in axils of leaves. 

Remarks — All stocks pure. The standard variety of this color. 

MRS. STEWART CHAMPION 
Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 1. 

Donated by Bide, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crushed strawberry 109 (i); wings Rose 
Neyron red 119 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings 
long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregularly spaced on long, strong 
stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong 
growth. Leaves very dark green; leaflets broad, often round; tendrils green. 



3o6 BlLLETIN 342 

Comparison — A superior strain of Mrs. Routzalin. 
Remarks — A true stock. 

QUEEN MARY 
Originated by King. Introduced by King, 191 o. 

Donated by King, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (i), overlaid with lilac-rose 
130 (i); wings salmon-pink 128 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, 
close, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom pro- 
fuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, rounded, dark 
green. 

SUTTON'S QUEEN 

Originated by T. Rothera & Co. Introduced by Sutton, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, 1910; Sutton, 1912. 

Description in brief — Medium to large, slightly waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (i) on creamy white 10 (i), changing 

to almost white. Standard medium to large, slightly waved; wings of medium 

size, partly open. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. 

Bloom not continuous. Plant below medium height, healthy. 
Comparison — Inferior to Mrs. Routzahn. 
Remarks — A mixed stock containing some plants of the color of E. J. Castle and Stella 

Morse in 1910. A pure stock from introducers in 191 2. 



W. T. HUTCHINS 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1910. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, cream-pink, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color yellowish white 13 (4), flushed with pale lilac-rose 130 
(2-3), with deeper shade around the edges. Standard large, waved; wings long and 
broad, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fra- 
grant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed black. 

Remarks — One stock produced flowers with more pink color. 

Crimson 

CAPTIVATION SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Burpee, 191 2. 

Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 

Description in brief — " A rich rosy wine red." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (1-3); wings rosy magenta 
169 (1-2), veined darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
waved; wings long and broad, spreading or drooping. Substance good. Flowers 
two, on slender stems of medium length. Slightly fragrant. Not productive. Plant 
of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Simikir to Rosie Adams. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 307 

CRIMSON GIANT 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1911. 

Donated by Deal, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
crimson-red 114 (1-2), with a slight purplish tinge. Flower large, waved form; 
standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two to 
three, on strong stems of medium length. Slightly fragrant. Moderately pro- 
ductive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Is more crimson and burns more than King Edward Spencer. 

CRIMSON PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson, all-purpose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
Flower large to very large; standard very large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and 
broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Slight fragrance. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Not sunproof. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Superior to any of the strains of King Edward Spencer, except that it 
is not sunproof. 

G. C. WAUD 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 

Donated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson-scarlet, garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine- purple 156 (1-2); wings 156 (i). 
Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers three, 
on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. 
Plant of strong, healthy growth. Seed large and black. 

Comparison — Similar to King Edward Spencer. 

Remarks — Stock not fixed; contained one plant of John Ingman and one of Coccinea. 

KING EDWARD SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Morse, Unwin, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet, waved, garden or market variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
Standard large, moderately waved; wings ver^^ long and broad, not waved, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. 
Ver\' slight fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy 
growth. 

Comparison — The King is of superior form but is less resistant to the sun. 

Remarks — All strains pure. Finest strains from Burpee and Morse. 

LIBERTY 

Originated by . Introduced by Lu:nley, 19 10. 

Donated by Farquhar, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
amaranth-red 16S (1-2), turning crimson, slightly darker on back. Flower large. 



3o8 Bulletin 342 

waved form; stundanl large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers three, on slKjrt stems. No fragrance. Moderately 
productive. Burns. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 
broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 
Remarks — -Stock pure, true. 

MRS. DUNCAN 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 10. 

Donated by Stark, 1910; Boddington, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson, garden or market variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (2-3); wings carmine- 
purple 156 (i). Standard large to very large, moderately waved; wings long and 
broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong 
stems. Very slight fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Nearly sunproof. 
Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Not waved so much as the strains of The King. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. Some flowers showed signs of burning, but did not blacken. 

ORION 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 1912. 

Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 

Description in brief — " A large, deep reddish crimson." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilac-purple 160 (2-3). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, spreading. 
Flowers three, irregularly placed on stems of medium length. Moderate fra- 
grance. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaf- 
lets broad. 

ROSIE ADAMS 

Originated by Thomas Stevenson. Introduced by Stevenson, H. J. Wright, 1908. 

Donated by Farquhar, 191 3. 

Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (1-2); wings amaranth-red 

to deep purple; both standard and wings veined darker. Flower medium to large, 

waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. 

Flowers three, irregidar on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. 

Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; 

tendrils green. 
Comparison — Similar to Captivation Spencer. 
Remarks — Stock mixed, one white rogue. 

RUBY PALMER 

Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie, 1914. 

Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilac-purple 160 (4), inside of wings 

shading 160 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, 

with slightly auriculate base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. 

Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. 

Sunproof. 
Comparison — A trifle more purplish than King Edward Spencer. Darker than Marie 

Corelli. 



Classification of Garden Varieties op the Sweet Pea 309 

SUNPROOF KING 

Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 1910. 

Donated by Bide, igio. 

Description in brief — A very large variety, for garden, market, or exhibition use. 
Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 

Standard very large, much waved; wings long and broad, waved, partly open. 

Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom profuse, 

continuous. Sunproof. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
iRemarks — A fixed stock. Everything considered, this was the finest strain of this 

color in 1910. 

THE KING 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 

Donated by Dobbie, 19 10. 

Description ift brief — A very large, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3); wings 156 (i). 
Standard very large, very waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers 
three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very slight fragrance. Plant of vig- 
orous, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Superior to King Edward Spencer in size and form, but the flowers 
turn black under a hot sun. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 

Fancy 

AFTERGLOW 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — Reddish mauve, with violet wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4 or darker); wings 
bright violet 198 (2-3). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; 
wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, equidistant, 
close, on strong stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately 
productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; tendrils clinging. 



CHARLES FOSTER 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — " Pastel pink shaded lavender." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color bright rose 128 (1-2) flushed with lavender, deeper at 
base; wings bright rose 128 (1-2), with less lavender. Flower large, waved forrn; 
standard large, waved, with round top and broad base; wings large, long and 
broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, equidistant, close, on short, 
strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. 
Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
green. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true to type. 



3IO Bulletin 342 

Lavender 

ASTA OHN 

Originated by Henry Ohn. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Morse. Rawson. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, lavender suffused with mauve. 

Description in detail — Standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), changing to ageratum 
blue 201 (2); wings pale light lilac 187 (i), changing to Parma violet 200 (3-4). 
Standard large, waved; wings very large, waved, long and broad, concealing the 
keel. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium length. Fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. A garden and market variety. Plant of medium height and 
stout, healthy growth. Seed mottled. 

Comparison — At this station this variety always has more mauve color than Frank 
Dolby, although it changes to blue. 

BERTRAND W. DEAL 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. 

Donated by Deal, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A waved , rosy mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 178 (2-3); wings pale light 
lilac 187 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; 
wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on very long stems 
of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of 
moderately tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

DORA 

Originated by . Introduced by Bath. 

Donated by Bath, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A waved, lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (1-2), veined with light 
violet 198 (3-4); wings bright violet 198 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard 
large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers on medium, 
slender stems. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly and is 
badly injured by wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed. 

Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn. 

DRAGONFLY 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1913. 

Donated by Aldersey, 1912. 

Description in brief — "Lavender on cream ground, wings lavender." — Sweet Peas 
Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bright violet 198 (i), with a rosy 
tinge. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and 
broad, spreading. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, on long stems. I^Iod- 
erately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

FELICITY 

Origitiated by . Introduced by Bath, 1913. 

Donated by Bath, 1912. 

Description in brief — " A large waved lilac, flushed pink." — Introducer's description. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 311 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings heliotrope 188 (1-2); standard 
sometimes darker on back near base. Flower of medium size, waved form; stand- 
ard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Substance poor. 
Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
medium. Sun fades badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — Lighter than Tennant Spencer. Distinct from Irish Belle. 

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 

Originated by Hugh Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, clear lavender self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (1-2); wings light 
bluish violet 202 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; 
wings long and narrow. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong 
stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. 

Remarks — A worthy variety. 

FRANK DOLBY 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 

Description in brief — A fairly large, lavender variety of Unwin form. 

Description in detail — Standard opens violet-mauve 195 (1-2), changing to Parma 
violet 200 (1-3); wings open lilac-mauve 199 (i), changing to ageratum blue 201 
(1-2). Standard large, slightly waved; wings large. Flowers two to four, on 
long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom very profuse, continuous. A garden or 
market variety. Plant of medium height and strong, vigorous growth. Color 
in axils of leaves. Seed dark brown, mottled, small to medium in size. 

FRANK UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved variety, soft lavender suffused with mauve. 
Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (1-2); wings heliotrope 188 

(2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings of medium size, waved, short and 

broad. Flowers two to three, on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrant. 

Bloom profuse. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 

Seed dark brown, of medium size. 
Comparison — This variety is distinct from Frank Dolby. 
Remarks — A fixed stock. Late in the season some flowers are mottled. 

IRISH BELLE 

Originated by Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 

Donated by Burpee, 1912. 

Description in brief — " Rich lilac flushed pink." — Burpee's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2). Flower 

large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. 

Flowers three, irregularly spaced on long stems of medium strength. Moderate 

fragrance. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. Plant of medium height 

and slender growth. Tendrils green. 



312 Bulletin 342 

Comparison — Lighter tlian Florence Nightingale or Mauve Queen, and darker than 

Felicity or Orchid. 
Synfliiyms — Dream is another name for this variety. 
Remarks — Received award of merit from American Sweet Pea Society m 191 1. 

IVANHOE 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 

Description in brief — Soft heliotrope-mauve. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), shading into 
hehotrope 188 (i) in center; wings heliotrope 188 (i). Flower very large, waved 
form; standard very large, much waved, slightly auriculate; wings large, long 
and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. 
Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout 
growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Is lighter mauve and has more heliotrope than Betty. Larger and 
paler than Tennant Spencer. 

LAVENDER QUEEN 

Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet 198 (i), flaked darker; wings 
ageratum blue 201 (i). Flower very large, waved form; stahdard very large, 
much waved; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three to 
four, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Has more lavender and is of slightly better growth than Asta Ohn. 
Is similar to Florence Nightingale. 

LAVENDER SPENCER 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by . 

Donated by Stark, for advance trial, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A moderately large, waved, lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-2) ; wings 188 (l). Standard 
moderately large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers two to 
three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
height and slender, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. 
Seed mottled. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

LILAC QUEEN 

Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. 

Donated by Bath, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A lilac variety, of Unwin form and size. 

Description in detail — Standard purplish mauve 186 (2-3); wings 186 (i). Flower 
medium large; standard medium large, Unwin type, erect; wings medium, hooded, 
long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two, on long stems of medium 
strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. A garden variety. Plant of 
medium height and moderately strong, healthy growth. Seed small, wrinkled. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 313 

MALCOLM'S NO. 14 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by . 

Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, heliotrope and bluish violet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (3-4); wings light bluish violet 
202 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, often much waved, 
with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
irregularly placed on strong stems of medium length. Not fragrant. Bloom 
moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Less mauve than Asta Ohn. Similar to Florence Nightingale. 

MANDOLINE 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 

Description in brief — A very large, reddish lavender flower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower 

very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, slightly waved, with 

slightly auriculate base; wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. 

Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. 

Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn. 

MASTERPIECE 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1910. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, pinkish or purplish mauve, changing to lavender, waved. 

Description in detail — Standard opens purplish mauve 186 (i), with edge of 186 (2-3); 
wings open heliotrope 188 (2); flower changes soon to Parma violet 200 (i); intro- 
ducer says, " color is 201 (i) but paler." Standard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings 
large, waved, partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on strong stems 
of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of tall, 
strong, vigorous growth. Seed small, mottled. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

MAUVE BEAUTY 

Originated by . Introduced by Box. 

Donated by Box, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purphsh mauve 186 (2-3), with violet tint 
on back and toward base; wings bright violet 198 (1-2), often splashed darker. 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly waved; wings 
long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two to three, on medium 
to long, slender stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, 
slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn and Florence Nightingale. 

MAUVE SPENCER 

Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 19 10. 
Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard varies from violet-mauve 195 (i) to lilac- 
' mauve 196 (i); wings 196 (4). Standard very large, Spencer-waved; wings very 



314 Bulletin 342 

large, waved, long and very broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 

Bloom profuse. An exhibition variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. Tendrils 

colored; color in axils of leaves. 
Comparison — Would supplant Frank Dolby. 
Remarks — Unfortunately not fixed. 

MRS. CHARLES FOSTER 

Originated by Bakers. Introduced by Bakers, 1907. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, lavender flushed with rose, waved. 

Description' in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (2), back heliotrope 188 

(2-3); wings heliotrope 188 (2). Standard large, moderately waved; wings large, 

long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on very long, strong stems. 

Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of strong, tall growth. Germination poor. 
Comparison — Here this variety was distinct this year from Frank Dolby, Masterpiece, 

and Asta Ohn. 
Remarks — A fi.xed stock. 

MRS. REGINALD HILL 

Originated by . Introduced by King, 19 13. 

Donated by King, 1913. 

Description in brief — " A lilac lavender." — King's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac, overlaid with violet 183 (i), 
deeper at base; wings vinous-mauve 184 (i or lighter), edged with bluish lilac. 
Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved; 
wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, 
close, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of 
tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 



MOONSTONE 

Originated by AldcTsey. Introduced by Aldersey , 191 1. 

Donated by Aldersey, 1912. 

Description in brief — A pale heliotrope. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac 187 (2-3) to heliotrope at the base; 
wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often 
double, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance poor. Flowers 
two to three, irregularly spaced on slender stems of medium length. Fragrance 
moderate. Moderately productive. Plant tall, slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Nettie Jenkins. 



NETTIE JENKINS 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 

Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, lavender, garden or exhibition variety. 
Description in detail — -Standard opens purplish mauve 186 (i), tinted faint blue; 
wings violet 200 (3); flower loses the pinkish color, becoming a very light lavender 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 315 

200 (1-3). Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed 
dark brown, small, irregular or wrinkled. 

Comparison — Belongs to the Frank Dolby group, but is quite distinct. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

ORCHID 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Burpee, 1913. 

Donated by Burpee, 1912. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, lavender suffused with pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (i or lighter), flushed 
with violet; wings heliotrope 188 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; stand- 
ard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
three to four, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive. 
Sunproof. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 

PEARL GREY 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912, 

Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 

Description in brief — " A dove grey suffused light rose." — Burpee's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color Parma violet 200 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; 
standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
stance good. Flowers three, on long stems of moderate strength. Very fragrant. 
Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. 

Comparison — Seems to be a paler form of Orchid. 

Remarks — Variety not fixed in 191 2 or in 19 13. 

PRINCESS ALICE SPENCER 

Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Bath, 1909. 

Donated by Vick, 1910. 

Description in brief — Flower large. Described in catalogue as light lavender, tinted 
with white. 

Description in detail — Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, hooded, long and 
broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, nearly always three, on long, 
strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant 
of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. 

Remarks — Very unfixed, since it contains all shades of lavender with a few white 
flowers. 

QUEEN OF MAUVES 

Originated by Sutton. Introduced by Sutton, 19 13. 

Donated by Sutton, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-mauve 195 (i), with more mauve on 
back; wings bluish violet 199 (i or lighter). Flower large; standard slightly waved, 
with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
irregularly placed, but facing one way, on stems of medium length. Moderate 
fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height, slender. Leaf- 
lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Has more lavender and shorter stems than Dorothy Tennant. 



3i6 Bulletin 342 

WALTER P. WRIGHT 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. 

Donated by Sydenham, Unwin, 1913. 

Comparison — Similar to Winifred Unwin (described below). 

WINIFRED UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. 

Donated by Unwin, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lavender-blue 204 (i or lighter), with lighter 
color on back; wings same as standard. Flower large, waved form; standard 
large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three 
to four, irregularly spaced, close, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
rounded, dark green; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Walter P. Wright, and both are similar to Debbie's True 
Lavender, a variety approved by the National Sweet Pea Society of England. 

Magenta 

MARKS TEY 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, bicolor variety, with rosy maroon standard and purple- 
violet wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (1-4); wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (1-2). Flower very large, often double, waved form; standard very 
large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three, on strong 
stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums 
slightly. Plant of medium height, stout. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Slightly more red than Sutton's Royal Purple. 

Remarks — This is placed in bicolor section in English lists. In general effect it belongs 
here. 

MENIE CHRISTIE 

Originated ij Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 

Do?ialed by Dobbie, 1910; Rohnert, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, magenta variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (2-4), veined darker; wings 

magenta with a violet tinge, to violet-purple 192 (i). Flower large, waved form; 

standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 

Flowers three, on slender stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom 

profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

PURPLE 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by . 

Donated by Malcolm, Dobbie. 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, reddish violet and deep purple variety. 
Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (3-4); wings deep purple 
185 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly 



Classification of Garden Varieties op the Sweet Pea 317 

waved; wings long and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. 
Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Wet weather injures flowers 
badly. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
Comparison — Similar to Marks Tey and Menie Christie, but not so large nor so profuse 
in bloom. Produced more doubles than either of the above. 

ROYAL PURPLE 

Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 191 2. 

Donated by Sutton, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, purple variety. 

Description in detail — -Color of standard deep purple 185 (2-3); wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long stems of medium strength. 
Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender 
growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Less red than Marks Tey. 

Marbled 

MAY CAMPBELL 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color marbled on standard is Tyrian rose 155 (i), on a creamy 
white 10 (2) ground; wings slightly veined with the same color. Flower large, 
waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
stance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
Moderately productive. 

Comparison — Is larger than Aurora Spencer. 

Remarks — A very distinct variety. One of the commended varieties of 191 2. 
Deserves a place on every list. 

SWEET LAVENDER 

Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. 

Donated by Bath, 19 10. 

Description in brief — "White ground, marbled lavender, charming flower; fixed." — 

Introducer's description. 
Remarks — This variety proved to be of two shades of red in equal proportions. 

Maroon 

ANNABEL LEE 

Originated by Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1913. 

Donated by Alsen, 1912. 

Description in brief — "A pale lilac almost white in center." — Originator's description. 

Description in detail — Color of standard dull purple-lake 170, with violet veining and 
shading at base; wings reddish violet 180 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; 
standard large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers 
three, irregular on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Productive. Burns 
badly. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad. 

Remarks — One cream-pink rogue. Apparently this did not give us the true-colored 
variety. 



3i8 Bulletin 342 

BRONZE PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A waved maroon self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings 185 (i). Flower 

of medium size; standard of medium size, generally flat; wings partly open, long 

and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of fair strength. Growth 

moderate. Plants were not healthy. 
Comparison — Differs from Paradise Maroon in having wings of the same color as the 

standard. 
Remarks — A fixed variety as to color. 



CHARLES HEMUS 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — Originator described the variety as a red-mahogany self. 

Description in detail — - Color of standard amaranth-red 1 68 (4) ; wings rosy magenta 
169 (i); keel colored a lighter shade. Flower large; standard large and slightly 
waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate 
strength. Fragrance moderate. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
Foliage blue-green; calyx and pedicel blue-black. Seed dark brown, large, round. 

Comparison — Does not closely resemble Black Knight in color. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. A distinct variety. Flowers turn darker with age. 



CYRIL UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 19 12. 

Donated by Unwin, 19 13. 

Description in brief — Deep purple shaded with maroon, waved. 

Description in detail— Color of standard deep purple 185 (i), shaded with maroon, 
base bright violet-purple; wings bright violet-purple 191 (1-2), varying to light 
pansy-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings 
short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced 
on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. 
Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 



DOUGLAS UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 19 10. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color plum-violet 172 (4). Standard large, slightly waved; 
wings waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium 
length. Fragrance moderate. Plant moderately vigorous. Leaves narrow, 
pointed. Seed black. 

Comparison — Similar to Othello Spencer, but not so good a strain. 

Remarks — Stock mi.xed. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 319 

GARNET SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 191 o. 

Donated by Henderson, 19 16. 

Description in brief — ^ A very large, maroon, waved variety, fine for exhibition. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (1-2); wings deep carmine- 
violet 174 (1-2). Standard very large, much waved; wings very long and broad, 
waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous, lasts well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of 
tall, stout, healthy growth. 

Comparison — A fine strain of Othello Spencer, but unfixed. 

Remarks — Very much mixed, containing five varieties of waved form. 

KING MANGEL 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 

Donated by Stark, 19 12. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, dark maroon variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (i), veined darker; wings 

deep purple 185 (3-4). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 

slightly waved; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 

Flowers three, close together on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 

Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 

pointed; tendrils green. 
Comparison — Has larger flowers and is of better growth than Othello Spencer. 

NUBIAN 

Originated by House. ■ Introduced by House, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 3. 

Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard between purple-brown 166 and deep carmine- 
violet 174 (4 or darker); wings deep carmine- violet 174 (2-3). Flower large, 
waved form; standard large, slightly waved; v/ings short and broad. Flowers 
three, equidistant, close, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
profuse. Sunproof. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant of tall, 
slender growth. Leaflets broad, rovmd, dark green. 

Synonyms — King Manoel is practically the same. 

Remarks — The best of this color group. Stock pure, true, 

OTHELLO SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — A very large, very waved, maroon variety, excellent for garden 
or exhibition use. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 172 (4); wings deep purple 185 
(1-2); flower has almost black veins. Standard very large, decidedly and uni- 
formly waved; wings waved, very long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong 
stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, 
strong growth. Seed large, round, few in number. 



3 20 Bulletin 342 

Comparison — Long the standard mriroon waved variety, but nov/ surpassed Ijy 

Nubian and King Manoel. 
Remarks — Both stocks fixed. 

PRINCE OF ASTURIAS 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Donated by Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, maroon, garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4); wings 172 (2-3). Stand- 
ard large, waved; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant of moderately vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Inferior to Othello Spencer. 

Remarks — Stock mixed. 

SILAS COLE 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 19 10. 

Donated by Cole, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, deep maroon, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy- violet 191 (3-4) ; wings deep 
purple 185 (i). Standard medium to large, generally not waved; wings long 
and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long stems. Bloom 
profuse. Plant of moderately tall, healthy growth. Calyx and pedicel blue- 
black. 

Comparison — Resembles Black Knight in color. 

Remarks — Contained one rogue. Did not attain to Spencer size or form. 

VICTOR UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1913. 

Donated by Unwin, 19 13. 

Description in brief — " Rich deep chocolate or mahogany colored self, free from any 
trait of purple."— Unwin's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4), tinged with violet; 
wings deep carmine- violet 174 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant 
of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
green. 

Maroon-Purple 

ARTHUR GREEN 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 191 1. 

Donated by 'Qod.dmgton, 191 1; Burpee, Dobbie, Morse, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — Standard carmine- violet ; wings deep purple. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine- violet 174 (3-4), veined darker; 
wings deep purple 185 (2-3), sometimes with slight tints and markings of violet- 
purple. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved; wings long 
and broad, spreading but drooping. Flowers three to four, irregular on strong stems 
of medium length. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, 
strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XXX 




Othello Spencer 



Bn.LKTiN 342 



Plate XXXI 




Teiuiaut Spencer 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 321 

CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with bright purple standard and 
blue wings. E.xcellent for garden or exhibition. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (4); wings bishop's violet 
189 (3). Standard very large, much waved; wings large, waved, long and broad. 
Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continu- 
ous, lasts well on the plants. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. 

Remarks — Not fixed. Not correctly named, since it does not resemble Captain of 
the Blues in color. One of the largest-flowered varieties. 



JOHN RIDD 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 

Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 

Description in brief — "A large, waved, purple self." — vSweet Peas Up to Date. 
Description in detail — Color of standard plum -violet 1 72 (4) ; wings vinous-mauve 

184 (4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, slightly auriculate; 

wings large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers three to four, 

on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom scant to medium. Plant of tall, 

strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

MAROON PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — " Deep maroon, waved." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (2-3); wings bishop's violet 
189 (2-3); reverse bright violet-purple 190 (4). Flower large, waved form; stand- 
ard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equi- 
distant on long stems. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 
stout, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; color in axils of leaves and 
leaflets; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — At this station in 1910 this variety was distinct from Black Knight. 



MRS. E. COWDY 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. 

Donated by Boddington, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4); wings deep purple 
185 (2-3), veined with plum-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, 
close, on medium stems. No fragrance. Moderately productive. Simproof. 
Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 

Comparison — Similar to John Ridd, perhaps a less deep purple. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 



322 ' Bulletin 342 

PURPLE PRINCE SPENCER 

Originated by Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — " Standard purplish maroon, wings rosy purple." — Sweet Peas 

Up to Date. 
Description in detail — Color of, standard deep purple 185 (3); wings bishop's violet 

189 (4). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, 

long and broad. Flowers borne on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, strong, 

vigorous growth. 
Comparison — This is almost a self and therefore differs from Captain of the Blues 

Spencer. In this respect it is an improvement. 
Remarks — This is .not the color of the old variety Purple Prince. 

WAVERLY SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — " PurpUsh maroon, wings rosy purple." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Comparison — Similar to Captain of the Blues Spencer, but smaller. 

Remarks — Only one plant appeared to resemble the old Waverly in color. 

Maroon-Red 

BRUNETTE 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 19 13. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, rich deep mahogany self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings plum-violet 172 (4 or darker). 

Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, concealing 

the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems of short length. No fragrance. 

Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 

Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 
Remarks — An excellent variety. Stock pure, true. 

RED CHIEF 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 19 10. 

Donated by Sydenham, 19 13. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 1 72 (4 or darker) ; wings plum- 
violet 172 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long 
and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. 
Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender 
growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — With Brunette the leader of its class. 

Mauve 

A. J. COOK 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 

Donated by Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A moderately large, violet-mauve variety, of Unwin form. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 323 

Description in detail — Standard opens violet-mauve 195 (i), changing to 195 (4); 
wings tinted with more violet, which becomes deeper, toward bright violet-purple 
190 (i). Standard medium to large, Unwin type; wings long and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
profuse, continuous. A garden or market variety. Plant of medium height 
and stout, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. 

^Remarks — A distinct and worthy variety. One stock pure; rogues mostly Othello. 

AMETHYST 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. 

Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (3-4), shading to bright 
violet at base; wings bright violet 198 (i), sometimes with a rosy tinge. Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, sUghtly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
ing. Moderate fragrance. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, slender 
growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Royalty. 

BERTHA MASSEY 

Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 2. 

Donated by Boddington, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, lilac-mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (1-2); wings bright violet 
198 (1-2), edged with purplish mauve. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equi- 
distant, close, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Productive. Simproof. 
Plant of medium height and slender growth. 

Comparison — Surpassed by Frances Deal. 

Remarks — Stock pure in 19 12, mixed in 19 13. 

BETTY 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A purplish mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (i), shading often to purplish 
mauve 186 (i); wings purphsh mauve. Flower very large, waved form; standard 
very large, much waved, slightly auriculate; wings very large, long and broad. 
Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom moderate. Svmproof. Plants of tall, slender, healthy growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Has paler and larger flowers than Tennant Spencer. 

EMILY ECKFORD SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, igii- 

Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, mauve, Spencer variety. 

Description in c/f/oz/ — Standard opens bluish lilac 183 (i), changing to bright violet 
198 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (3), changing to bright violet 198 (2). Standard 
large, slightly waved; wings partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to three. 



324 Bulletin 342 

Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant nf 
medium height and stout, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed mottk-^ 1. 

Comparison — Distinct in color from The Marquis. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 

EMPRESS 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 

Donated by Deal, 191 2. 

Descriplicn in brief — A rich purple-muuve. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (i); wings deep purple 
185 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved, sometimes 
double; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on 
medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
growth. Leaflets broad. 

Comparison — Has less red in standard, but otherwise is similar to Annabel Lee. 

Remarks — Color rogues: (i) pure cream, (2) pale rosy pink. 

FRANCES DEAL 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 19 12. 

Donated by Deal, 1912. 

Description in brief — "A rosy heliotrope." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings reddish violet 1 80 ( i ) , with a light 
spot at base of standard. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, 
irregularly placed, usually far apart, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. 
Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Superior to Bertha Massey. 

HELIO PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, pale rosy heliotrope, waved. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), deepest at base; 
wings bishop's violet 189 (2). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings large, waved, 
long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and moderately 
strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed mottled. 

Comparison — Similar to The Marquis, but not superior. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 

HELIOTROPE SPENCER 

Originated by ^ . Introduced by Henderson, 19 10. 

Donated by Henderson, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, hooded, deep purple-mauve. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (1-2); wings 189 (i-2>)- 
Standard Ifxrge, hooded; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 325 

two, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
medium height and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed 
mottled, large. 

Comparison — Color similar to Mrs. Walter Wright. 

Remarks — A pure stock. Flowers did not take Spencer form. 

MAUVE PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings 183 (1-2). Standard 

of medium size; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to three. 

Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 

and stout, healthy growth. Seed mottled. 
Comparison — Wings always paler than those of The Marquis or Tennant Spencer. 
Remarks — Introducer stated that the stock might give some Primrose Paradise sports. 

This occurred in the tests at this station. 

MAUVE QUEEN / 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 1 86 ( i ) , shading toward 
violet-mauve 195 (i) in center; wings violet-mauve 195 (i). Flower very large, 
waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, with slightly auriculate base; 
wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant 
on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium 
height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Winsome, but a trifle more purple. 

MRS. HESLINGTON 

Originated by W. S. Heslington. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), shading to 
bright violet 198 (1-2) in the center; wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower 
very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, much waved, with 
auriculate base; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Very similar to Mauve Queen, but differs in form of flower and in color 
of wings. More mauve than Florence Nightingale. 

ROYALTY 

Originated by Bath. Introduced by -. 

Donated by Bath, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (i); wings bright violet- 
purple 190 (i). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, 



326 Bulletin 342 

slightly waved; wings of medium size, drooping. Flowers three, on medium 

stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. 
Comparison — Much like Dobbie's Violet Flush. 
Remarks — Of no special merit at this station. 

TENNANT SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, purple-mauve self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 196 (2-3); wings 186 (1-2) 
on the inside, 186 (2-3) on the outside. Standard large, waved; wings waved, 
long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, often four, on strong 
stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
medium height and moderately strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils 
of leaves. Seed mottled. 

THE MARQUIS 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, purplish mauve, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings bishop's 
violet 1 89 (4) ; the standard showing more red and the wings more blue. Standard 
large, waved; wings very large, waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- 
ers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, 
market, or exhibition flower. Plant of medium height and moderately strong 
growth. Seed mottled, wrinkled. 

Remarks — The 1 9 1 o stock was mixed and contained one Gladys Unwin. 

Orange-Pink 

CARENE 

Originaled by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 191 2. 

Donated by Boddington, 191 2, 19 13. 

Description in brief — A large, deep orange-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (3-4), veined slightly darker; 
wings 126 (4), shading into purple-rose 150 (3-4) at base. Flower very large, 
waved form; standard very large, waved; wings very large, long and broad, open. 
Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Is of stronger growth, has better flower stems and slightly larger flowers 
with more red in the wings, and exhibits less burning, than Stirling Stent. 

EDITH TAYLOR 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 1912. 

Donated by Sydenham, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — " A waved salmon-rose self." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
Description in detail — Color of standard and wings cerise 123 (1-2); standard veined 
darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard slightly waved, very large; 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 327 

wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, stout stems. 
Fragrance almost none. Burns slightly. Wet weather injures slightly. Plant of 
medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
Comparison — A little less orange than Helen Lewis. 

EDROM BEAUTY 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rosy salmon. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2), with darker veins; 
wings purple-rose 150 (2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
Spencer- waved, sometimes double; wings large, long and broad. Flowers on 
long, strong stems. Bloom moderately productive, does not last well on the plant. 
Burns badly. Suffers slightly in wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. 

GLYN TURQUAND 

Originated by Alsen. Introduced by . 

Donated by Alsen, 1912. 

Description in brief — Rich crimson-scarlet, with a suggestion of orange. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2), veined 
slightly darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on strong, very long stems. No fra- 
grance. Moderately*productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; foliage rich dark green. 

Comparison — An improved Helen Lewis. 

HELEN GROSVENOR 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 

Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 

Description in brief — A deep orange-salmon. 

Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (1-2), shading to deep 
rose-pink at the base; wings deep rose-pink 120 (2-3), delicately veined with darker 
color. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes 
double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to four, irregularly arranged 
on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns 
slightly. Is somewhat injured by wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

Comparison — Closely resembles Helen Lewis. Possibly a deeper color. 

HELEN LEWIS 

Originated by J. Watson. Introduced by Breadmore, 1905. 

Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Morse, Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy scarlet and cerise. Popularly known as 
orange. Suitable for all purposes. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep 
cerise 123 (i). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, waved, long and 
broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
erately fragrant. Plant of medium, stout, healthy growth. Seed black, large, 
round. 



328 Bulletin 342 

Syywnyms — Orange Countess (Sydenham, 1905) and Mrs. Sydenham (Burpee, 1905). 
Remarks — Of the four stocks received in 19 10, two exhibited rogues. 



LAURA WYATT 

Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 191 3. 

Donated by Dipnall. 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 74 (i), with carmine veining; 
wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
waved, sometimes double; wings long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to 
three, on medium stems. Fragrance little or none. Moderately productive. 
Bums badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 

LORD ALTHORP 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 19 10. 

Donated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, orange-pink. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep 

cerise 123 (3-4). 
Comparison — A fine strain of Helen Lewis, but docs not stand the sun so well. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

ORANGE SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 

Donated by Henderson, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, orange, Spencer variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings cerise 123 {2-'^). 

Comparison — Similar in color to Miss Wilmott Improved. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

PHOEBUS 

Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide. 

Donated by Bide. 

Description in detail — Color of standard Lincoln red 88 (i), veined darker; wings 
geranium red 1 1 1 (lighter than i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much 
waved, with broad base; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, 
on slender stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant 
of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

PRINCE OF ORANGE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — Originator describes this as a large, waved, very vigorous, orange 

variety. 
Remarks — Very unfixed. Was one half Countess Spencer, or Paradise, and one half 

John Ingman. No orange in it. The later selection has not been tested at this 

station. 



m 




Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 329 

Orange-Scarlet 

ANDREW AITKEN 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. 

Donated by Boddington, 191 3. 

Description in brief — " A soft salmon-colored variety." — Bolton's catalogue. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2-3), flushed with Rose 
Neyron red at base; wings rosy pink 118 (2-3), flushed with Rose Neyron red. 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, 
concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Mod- 
erately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of medium 
height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

ANGLIAN ORANGE 

Originated by King. Introduced by King, 191 1. 

Donated by King, 191 3. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink variety. 

Descripticn in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (i), tinged with purple- 
rose on the edge and at the base; wings purple-rose 150 (i or lighter). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, concealing the keel. 
Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom 
profuse. Burns somewhat. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaf- 
lets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — Contained two color rogues. 

DAZZLER 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1910. 

Donated by Farquhar. 

Description in brief — " Bright flame color." — Sweet Pea Annual. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (2-3). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom 
medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, 
dark green. 

Comparison — Similar to Andrew Aitken. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

EDNA UNWIN IMPROVED 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 

Donated by Unwin, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (4); wings cerise 123 (2-3). 
vStandard medium to large, slightly waved; wings moderately long and broad, 
partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance 
slight. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Seed 
dark brown. 

Comparison — Similar to St. George, but slightly superior in form. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 



330 Bulletin 342 

ORANGE KING 

Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 1. 

Donated by Bide, 1910. 

Description in brief — This variety is said to be a true orange self. 

Comparison — The orange-colored flowers were similar to Edna Unwin Improved or 

St. George. 
Remarks — A very unfixed stock. One plant Henry Eckford. Mostly pink-flowered 

plants. 

ORANGE PERFECTION 

Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 191 2. 

Donated by Box, 1912. 

Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rose. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (i); wings deep rose-pink 
120 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of medium 
length. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. Plant of medium, very 
slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Smaller, of paler color and poorer bloom, and a weaker plant than 
Thomas Stevenson in the trials at this station in 191 2. 



RUBY 

Originated by . Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 

Donated by Aldersey, Marsden Jones. 

Description in brief — "Standard bright orange scarlet; wings deep rose." — Intro- 
ducer's description. 

Description in detail — Color of standard coral-red 76 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
carthamus red 88 (i), sometimes veined darker. Flower medium to large, slightly 
waved form; standard medium large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
ing. Flowers two to three, on rather weak, short stems. Fragrance very Uttle or 
none. Burns badly. Is badly injured by wet weather. Plant of moderately tall, 
slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Similar to Thomas Stevenson in color, but was the poorest of the orange 
group. 

ST. GEORGE 

Originated by . Introduced by Hurst, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (3-4); wings deep 
rose-pink 120 (2-3). Standard of medium size, some very slightly waved; wings 
moderately long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, generally 
two, on short stems. Fragrance very slight. Bloom free. Burns badly. Plant 
of medium height and stout growth. Seed black, irregular in shape. 

Comparison — Wings are not the same color as the standard, neither are they the color 
of the wings of Orange Spencer or Miss Wilmott Improved. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 331 

THOMAS STEVENSON 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 191 1. 

Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Dobbie, Sydenham, 1912; Burpee, Dobbie, Syden- 
ham, 1913. 

Description in brief — A rich orange-scarlet. 

Description in detail — Colof of standard madder lake 122 (2-3), veined darker; wings 
carmine-lake 121 (2-3), veined darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard 
very large, sKghtly waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers on 
long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns 
slightly. Plant tall, stout. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Plant is of stronger growth, and produces larger flowers on longer stems, 
than Stirling Stent. 

Remarks — The leading variety in this group. 

Picotee Edged (Cream ground) 

EVELYN HEMUS 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a primrose ground, for 

garden, market, or exhibition use. 
Description in detail — Color of standard picotee-edged pale rosy pink 129 ( i ) , on a 

fleshy white 9 (3) ground; wings 9 (2-3). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings 

waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 

Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
(Comparison — Closely resembles Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

HELEN WILLIAMS 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. 

Donated by Stark, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, picotee variety. 

Description in detail — Color yellowish white 13 (i), edged with purple-rose 150 (i), 
deeper on back; wings yellowish white 13 (i). Flower very large, waved form; 
standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to 
four, wide apart on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
medium. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green; color in axils 
of peduncles and leaflets. 

Comparison — Better than Mrs. Breadmore in 1912. Not tested in 1913. 



MRS. C. W. BREADMORE 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Stark, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. 
Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a primrose groimd. 
Description in detail — Color of standard picotee-edged pale lilac-rose 130 (i), on an 
amber- white 12 (i) ground; wings 12 (i). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings 



332 Bulletin 342 

waved, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 

Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, 

healthy growth. 
Comparison — Closely resembles Evelyn Hemus. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

Picotee Edged (White ground) 

CHASTITY 

Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1912. 

Donated by Bath. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, pure white, with a blush edge. 

Description in detail — Color of standard on opening shows faint primrose, later tinted 
violet-rose 154 (i); wings similar, but becoming a deeper tint. Flower very large, 
waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, many doubles; wings large, 
long and broad, drooping. Substance good. Flowers three, irregularly spaced on 
long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Plant of very tall, 
strong growth. Leaflets long, broad; tendrils colored. 



DAINTY SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1911. 

Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 

Description in detail — Color of flower rosy white 8 (2) ground, with edge of standard 
Rose Neyron red 119 (i); edge of wings 119 (2). Standard large, very slightly 
waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom medium. Plant of medium height and 
stout, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Not so large as Elsie Herbert, but otherwise similar to it. 

DISTINCTION 

Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 19 10. 

Donated by Bath, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 

Comparison — Very similar to Elsie Herbert. 

Remarks — Not a fixed stock. 

ELSIE HERBERT 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Morse, 1912. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. A garden, 
market, or exhibition variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (2-3), with a picotee edge of 
purple-rose 150 (i); wings 7 (i), with pale lilac-rose 130 (4) edge. Standard 
large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings large, partly open, waved. Flowers two to four, on 
long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, stout, 
healthy growth. Seed black. 

Remarks — Pure stocks. A distinct variety. The standard variety of this color. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 333 

ERIC HARVEY 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1911. 

Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, beautifvdly waved flower, useful for decoration and 
exhibition. 

Description in detail — Color of bud buff ; opening flower shows trace of buff ; standard 
suffused with mauve-rose, deepest at the edges, and deeper still on the back; wings 
flushed lilacy white 7 (4). Standard large, waved; wings large, varying from 
hooded to waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
Plant grows to medium height, strong and healthy. 

Comparison — Distinct from Martha Washington. 

Remarks — Contained John Ingman rogue. 

MARTHA WASHINGTON 

Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 

Donated by Henderson, 1910, 191 1. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with a heavy picotee edge on a pure 

white ground. 
Description in detail — Color of standard white from base to center, shading to a 

pink edge; as the flower ages the suffusion increases; wings picotee-edged pink. 

Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, waved. 
Comparison — Distinct from Elsie Herbert. 
Remarks — The 1910 stock produced one plant of Othello, but the variety is usually 

reported true. The 191 1 stock was true. 

PICOTEE 

Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Donated 6y Watkins & Simpson, 1910; Boddington, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. 

Description in brief — A waved, picotee-edged carmine variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard faintest blush, edged with purple-rose 150 
(i~3); wings edged with pale pink. Flower very large, waved form; standard very 
large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading, often drooping. Very 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar to Elsie Herbert and Distinction. 

WINIFRED DEAL 

Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. 

Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 

Comparison — Similar to Elsie Herbert. 

Remarks — Not a true stock. The 191 2 stock was true. 

Pink 

AUDRY CRIER 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Donated by Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — Described as salmon-pink. 



334 Bulletin 342 

Remarks — One of the varieties that it has been impossible to fix. This stock was 
almost entirely Helen Lewis, with one plant Prince Olaf, two Menie Christie, and 
several White Spencer. 

BEATRICE SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 

Description in brief — Catalogued as white, tinted soft pink and buff ; wings have bright 
pink blotch at base. 

Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 
Flower large; standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and broad, waved. Flow- 
ers three, on strong stems of fair length. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored. Seed large, black. 

BLUSH ROSE SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 

Donated by Henderson, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 

153 (0- Standard and wings large and waved. 

Remarks — A badly mixed lot of plants containing mostly carmine-rose flowers, with 
Countess Spencer and White Spencer. 

COUNTESS SPENCER 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Sydenham, 1904. 

Donated by Boddington, Cole, Dobbie, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety, suitable for garden, market, 

and exhibition use. 
Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); wings violet-rose 

154 (1-2); color deeper in cool weather; color often deeper at the edges. Standard 
very large, waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers three to four, on long, 
very strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, 
vigorous growth. Seed black. 

Remarks — One stock pure. The forerunner of the waved, or Spencer, type. 

ENCHANTRESS 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 

Donated by Boddington, Stark, 1910. 
Synonyms — Identical with Countess Spencer. 
Remarks — Neither stock pure. 

FLORENCE SPENCER 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1907. 

Donated by Rawson, 1910. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 {2-2,) ; wings 154 (1-2). Flower 
of medium size, waved; standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and 
narrow. Flowers two to three, on long, slender stems. Productive. Plant of 
tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, dark green. 

Comparison — A trifle lighter in color than Countess Spencer. 

Remarks — Not pure; contains Helen Lewis and E. J. Castle. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 335 

GLADYS UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1905. 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
Description in brief — A rose- pink variety, of Unwin form ; for garden or market use. 
Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 

Flower large; standard moderately large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, 

hooded. Flowers two to three, on long stems. Productive. Produces a good 

crop of seed. 
Comparison — Paler than Countess Spencer in cool weather. Standard more nearly 

upright and wings more incurved than those of Countess Spencer. 
Remarks — Two stocks pure. 

HERCULES 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 1. 

Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, pink self. 

Description in detail — Color same as Countess Spencer. Flower very large, slightly 

waved form. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Tendrils colored. 
Comparison — A larger, but less waved, Countess Spencer. Better for exhibition than 

Countess Spencer. 

LADY SARAH SPENCER 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 

Donated by Cole, 1910. 

Description in brief — Originator describes as pink suffused with salmon. 

Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer in all respects. 

Remarks — Stock pure but not true. 

LOVELY SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Morse, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, waved form of Lovely. 

Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (2); wings 130 (3). Flower 
very large; standard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings large, long and very broad, 
waved, spreading. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Lighter in color than Countess Spencer. 

Remarks — A distinct variety. A pure stock. 

MARION 

Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, broad, slightly waved; wings long and broad. 
Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately pro- 
ductive. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils colored. 

Remarks — Has been described as lilac-rose. 



336 Bulletin 342 



MRS. ALFRED WATKINS 



Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907 

Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 

Description in brief — Pale pink with lighter edges, Unwin type. A garden or market 
variety. 

Description in detail — Color lilac-rose 130 (1-2), fading to almost white edges. Flower 
large, Unwin type; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Flowers 
three, on long stems. Productive. Bums more or less in the sun. 

Comparison — Does not resemble Peach Blossom very closely. 

Remarks — Three stocks pure. One stock contained one Captain of the Blues Spencer. 

PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, Sydenham, 1907. 

Donated by Boddington, Miss Hemus, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
Description in brief — A large, pink, waved variety. 
Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer. 
Remarks — Miss Hemus' stock pure. 

ZARA 

Originated by Biff en. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 191 o. 

Description in brief — A garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard hydrangea pink 132 (2-3); wings 132 (1-2). 
Flower large, Unwin form; standard large, slightly waved; wings medium, partly 
open. Substance good. Flowers two to four, on moderately long, strong stems. 
Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant healthy and of medium height. 

Comparison — More buff than Lovely Spencer. 

Synonyms — We should call it Honorable F. Bouverie Spencer. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 

Pink (Pale pink group) 

CHARM 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 19 13. 

Donated by Burpee, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 178 (i or paler). Flower large, 
waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing 
the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly placed on strong stems of medium 
length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of 
medium height and slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils 
green. 

ELFRIDA PEARSON 

Originated by J. R. Pearson & Sons. Introduced by Pearson, 191 1. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 
Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color lilac-rose 152 (i to much lighter); flower opens with con- 
siderable primrose in the standard, which is blush-pink; flower changes, losing its 



I 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 337 

primrose tint, becoming a blush-pink on white. Flower large, waved form; 
standard large, waved, often double, sometimes triple. Plant of tall, strong, 
vigorous growth. Foliage dark green, healthy. 
Comparison — Not so large as Princess Victoria, but more salmon. A deeper pink 
than Lady Evelyn Eyre. 

Rose 

EDNA TURNER 

Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 191 1. 

Donated by Dipnall. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purple-rose 150 (i). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. 
Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Stems medium 
to long, slender. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. 

Remarks — Two color rogues: (i) dark violet, (2) carmine-lake and orange. 



KING MARJORIE 

Donated by Dobbie, 19 12. 

Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4), shading into Tyrian rose 
155 (1-2); wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard 
very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Good substance. Flowers 
two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Fragrance none. Bloom scant. 
Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — An improved Marjorie Willis. 



MARIE CORELLI 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 19 10. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse. 

Description in brief — A waved " rose-carmine " variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 1 50 (3-4) ; wings purple-rose 

150 (1-2). (See description of Marjorie Willis.) 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

MARJORIE WILLIS 

Originated by Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, Breadmore, Wright, 1908. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Rohnert, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, rose and carmine variety, for garden and exhibi- 
tion use. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 50 (3) ; wings Tyrian rose 
150 (1-2). Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, conceal- 
ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Ten- 
drils colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. 

Comparison — Very similar to Marie Corelli. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 



338 Bulletin 342 

ROSABELLE 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 191 2. 

Donated by King, 19 13. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (i), tinged with violet at 
the base; wings pure mauve 181 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong 
stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, 
strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Comparison — Superior to Marjorie Willis or Marie CorelU. 



ROSE DIAMOND 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-lake 121 (2-3); wings carmine-lake 

121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregularly placed on short, slender 
stems. Slightly fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of medium height and 
slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 

Comparison — Lighter, purer rose shades than George Herbert. 

Salmon Shades 

BARBARA 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, Holmes, 1912. 

Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 

Description in brief — A salmon-orange self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2-3); wings madder lake 

122 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; 
wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium 
length. Little, if any, fragrance. Moderately productive. Bums badly. Is 
badly injured by wet weather. Plant of medium height, strong. Leaflets broad, 
pointed; tendrils often colored. 

Comparison — Flowers larger, bloom better, and stems stronger than Stirling Stent, 
but a lighter orange. A lighter orange than Thomas Stevenson. 



EARL SPENCER 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Dobbie, Cole, 1910. 

Donated by Boddington, 191 1; Burpee, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, orange variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (1-2). Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, con- 
cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, close, on short to medium 
stems of medium strength. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 339 

INSPECTOR 

Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1913. 

Description in brief — A duplex, or double, form of Stirling Stent. 

Description in detail — (See Stirling Stent.) 

Comparison — Is a strain of Stirling Stent producing a good percentage of doubles. If 

anything, it is of more vigorous growth than Stirling Stent. 
Remarks — A very good duplex variety. 

MELBA 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, Dobbie, 1913. 

Description in brief — An orange-salmon flower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-carmine 125 (3-4), deepest on back; 
wings salmon-carmine 125 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
slightly waved, sometimes double; wings long and broad. . Flowers two to three, 
on medium stems. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Is badly injured by wet 
weather. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
tendrils green. 

Comparison — Is smaller and lighter, and has much more orange, than Helen Lewis. 
Burned less in 191 3 trials than Earl Spencer. 

STIRLING STENT 

Originated by James Agate. Introduced by Agate, 191 1. 

Donated by Boddington, 191 1; Burpee, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A bright salmon-orange variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (2-4), back 122 (4); wings 
madder lake 122 (1-2), back 122 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard 
large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
to three, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Bums slightly. 
Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 

Comparison — A deeper color, with much less burning, than Earl Spencer. 

TORTOISE SHELL 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 

Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A shrimp pink variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings shrimp pink 75 (2-3), veined 

darker. Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly 

waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. 

No fragrance. Bloom rather scant. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and 

slender growth. 
Comparison — Color not so bright as Barbara. 
Remarks — A pleasing, distinct color among new types. 

Scarlet 

BOLTON'S SCARLET 

Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 19 13. 

Donated by Boddington, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson variety. 



340 Bulletin 342 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings amaranth-red 
168 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderate 
fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. 
Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

DOBBIE'S SCARLET 

Originated by Debbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard varies from crimson-red 114 (i) to carmine- 
red 116 (i); wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
much waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to 
three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. 
Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. 

Comparison — Similar to George Stark. 

Remarks — In 1913 the best of the scarlets. 

DORIS BURT 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — - A large, scarlet, waved, garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3). Wings long and 

broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long stems. Very slight fragrance. 

Burns badly. Plant slender, of medium height. The foliage has a blue cast, the 

young shoots a purplish cast. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 

GEORGE STARK 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 0. 

Donated by Stark, 1910. 

Description in brief — Medium to large, bright red. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
Standard medium to large, upright, open, flat or very slightly waved; wings long 
and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. 
Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately strong growth. Calyx colored. 

Remarks — Wings sometimes larger than standard. A pure stock as to color. 

GEORGE STARK IMPROVED 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1910. 

Donated by Stark, 1910; Boddington, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety suitable for all purposes. 

Description in detail — Color of standard 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). Standard large 
to very large. Spencer- waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. 
Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very slight fragrance, if any. Bloom pro- 
fuse. Bums in the sun. Growth strong and vigorous. Calyx colored. 

Comparison — Color of Queen Alexandra. 

Remarks — There is a double-flowered strain offered by Stark. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 341 

GEORGE WASHINGTON 

Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 

Donated by Henderson. 

Description in brief — "A very large crimson scarlet." — Henderson's catalogue. 
Remarks — This stock unfortunately produced two shades of red in equal proportion. 
Withdrawn after first season. 

MISS E. F. DRAYSON 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, scarlet, Unwin variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings, front 156 (i), 

back 156 (2). Standard of medium size, Unwin type; wings short and broad. 

Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Burns slightly. Plant 

of short, slender growth. Seed round, black. 
Comparison — Color between Coccinea and Queen Alexandra, but resembles the 

latter more closely. 
Remarks — One maroon plant appeared in the stock. 

PREMIER 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 1. 

Donated by Stark, 19 12. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3), back a deeper color; 

wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 

waved slightly; wings short and broad. Flowers irregular on long, strong stems. 

Not fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 

strong growth. Leaflets broad. 
Comparison — A similar flower to that of George Stark, but the plant is stronger. 

RED PARADISE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, waved, bright red variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (1-2). 
Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers on 
strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance very slight. Sunproof. Plant not 
healthy. Growth stunted apparently from some physiological affection. Foliage 
blue-green. 

Remarks — Stock mixed, two shades of red. Owing to the disease mentioned above, 
the variety did not show up so well as it probably should have done. 

RED STAR 

Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 

Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 56 (3-4) ; wings carmine- 
purple 156 (2-3). Flower large, open form; standard large, flat; wings long and 
broad. Moderately fragrant. Blocm scant. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, 
slender growth. Leaflets broad. 



342 Bulletin 342 

Comparison — Slightly Ijetter than George Stark. 

Remarks — At this station this variety is the best of the Queen Alexandra color. 

ROYAL SCARLET 

Originated by Aldcrsey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. 

Donated by Aldersey, 1912 (Aldersey's No. 139). 

Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet self. 

Description in detail — Color geranium red iii (i); wings the same color. Flowers 
large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
ing. Flowers on short stems. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. 
Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — A duller and paler red than King Edward VIL 

SCARLET EMPEROR 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 19 12. 

Donated by Sydenham, 191 2, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson-scarlet self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings 
lighter inside. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short 
and broad, wide-spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on strong, medium 
to long stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 
strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Is a better, clearer scarlet, blooms better, and burns less, than George 
Stark. Is a better scarlet and blooms better than Red Star. 

Remarks — The best scarlet in 19 12. 

SCARLET EMPRESS 

Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 19 12. 

Donated by Sydenham, 191 2, 19 13. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings the same color. 
Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, spread- 
ing. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium to long, strong stems. Moder- 
ately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout 
growth. 

Remarks — A good, bright, clear scarlet. 

SCARLET MONARCH 

Originated by DeaL Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 

Donated by Deal. 

Description in brief — A crimson-scarlet self. 

Description in detail — Color of standard currant red 115 (2-4); wings currant red 
115 (i), veined darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly, 
with round, broad base; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, 
on short stems. Scarcely any fragrance. Bloom moderate. Burns badly. 
Plant of tall, slender growth. 

Remarks — Stock pure and true to type. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 343 

VERMILION BRILLIANT 

Originated by Burpee. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 

Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3); wings crimson-red 

114 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; 

wings short and broad. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on long, strong 

stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong 

growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 

Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) 

SENATOR SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1910. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large garden or exhibition variety, with chocolate-colored 
stripes on a white ground. 

Description in detail — Color purple-brown 166 (1-2) stripes on a purplish-tinted 
white 6 (2) ground. Standard large, round, Spencer- wa ved ; wings long and broad, 
waved. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Sunproof. Growth medium, stout, healthy. Seed very large, 
black. 

Remarks — In 1910 the introducer's stock was fixed. The other stock contained 
Aurora. Later stocks were correct. 

Striped and Flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) 

AURORA SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped variety, for garden, market, 
or exhibition use. 

Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard salmon-pink 126 (4), on a creamy 
white ground; wings deep cerise 123 (1-3). Standard large to very large. Spencer- 
waved; wings large, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on strong 
stems of medium length. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
Plant of strong, healthy growth. 

Remarks — The standard variety of this color. 

MAGNIFICENT 

Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 19 10. 

Donated by Miller, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped, garden variety. 

Description in detail — Creamy white 10 (i) ground, with salmon-pink 126 (4) stripes 
on standard and deep cerise 123 (1-3) on wings. Standard large, waved; wings 
large to very large, waved, standing out at right angles to the standard, concealmg 
the keel. Flowers two to three, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. 
Bloom profuse. Blackens in bright sunshine. Plant strong, vigorous, healthy. 

Comparison — Same color as Aurora Spencer, and not affected by the sun. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 



344 Bulletin 342 

MRS. W. J. UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 

Donated by Unwin, for advance trial. 

Description in brief — A large flower, striped with bright rosy scarlet; for garden, 
market, or exhibition use. 

Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (4); on 
wings almost carmine-lake 121 (i), but more salmony. Standard large, vSpencer- 
waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
Fragrance slight. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Color deeper and brighter than Aurora. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. This variety is not synonymous with Aurora, as is some- 
times reported; repeated trials indicate that it is distinct. 

STARK'S ELEGANCE 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1909. 

Donated by Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, striped with rosy scarlet; a garden 

variety. 
Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); on 

wings 124 (1-2). Standard of medium size, upright; wings hooded, upright, 

long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on short stems. 

Slight fragrance. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and 

slender growth. 
Comparison — Inferior to Aurora Spencer. 
Remarks — Contained one plant of Salopian. Has no value. 

Striped and Flaked (Pink on primrose ground) 

ETHEL ROOSEVELT 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, for idvance trial, 19 10, under name Lottie Hutchins Spencer. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose striped with light pink; a garden or 
exhibition variety. 

Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) 
ground. Standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, partly open. Flow- 
ers two to three, on medium stems. Slightly fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sun- 
proof. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. Sent out as Ethel Roosevelt in 191 1. 

MRS. H. D. TIGWELL 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 

Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved flower, pink-striped on a creamy white ground. 

Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a creamy white 10 (4) 
ground. Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, drooping, concealing the 
keel. Poor substance. Some flowers do not open. Flowers two to three, on 
moderately long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom fair. Plant of tall, 
vigorous growth. Color in axils of leaves. 

Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt, but of poor substance. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 



Bulletin 342 



Plate XXXIV 




Senator Spencer 



BlLIKTIN 342 



Plate XXXV 




While Spencer 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 345 

ZENA 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large garden variety, with red flakes on a creamy white ground. 

Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) ground. 
Standard large, very slightly waved; wings large, partly open. Flowers three, on 
moderately long, strong stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and 
slender, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt. 

Remarks — Contains a large number of mauve-striped flowers. 

Striped and Flaked (Purple and blue) 

APRIL 

Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 1913. 

Donated by Dipnall, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, blue-striped variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light bluish violet 202 (1-4) flaked 
and striped on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
waved; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two 
to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom not profuse. Plant of 
tall, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Comparison — Quite distinct from Bertie Usher. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

BERTIE USHER 

Originated by Usher. Introduced by Usher, 191 2. 

Donated by Sutton, 1912, 1913. 

Description in brief — A large, waved flower, striped with violet-purple. 

Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped and flaked with violet- 
purple 192 (i) on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
slightly waved; wings short and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong 
stems. Moderate fragrance. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very 
tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Similar in color to Loyalty, but has smaller flowers and is a less vigorous 
plant. 

BLUE FLAKE 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 

Donated by Unwin. 

Description in brief — Light blue flake on white, Unwin form; a large garden 
variety. 

Description in detail — Flower opens with considerable mauve in the color, but changes 
to Parma violet 200 (1-2) stripes on the standard and 200 (2-3) on the wings, 
with a lilacy white 7 (2) groimd. Standard medium to large, Unwin form; wings 
large, hooded, conceaUng the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. 
Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Distinct from Paradise Blue Flake. 

Remarks — A pure stock. 



346 Bulletin 342 

BLUE FLAKE SPENCER 

Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 191 2. 

Donated by Box, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A large, blue-flaked variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-purple 192 (1-4). Flower 

large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. 

Substance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 

Bloom not profuse. Plant tall, strong. Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. 



GEORGE CURZON 

Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldcrsey, 19 12. 

Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 

Description in brief — Dark blue flake. 

Description in detail — Standard and wings have bright bluish flakes on a wnite or 
pale lavender ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; 
wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. 
No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaf- 
lets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 

Comparison — Not equal to Loyalty. 



LOYALTY 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 

Donated by Stark, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A purple-violet flake on a white ground. 

Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped purple-violet 192 (i) on a 
white ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; 
wings short, broad. Substance good. Flowers three, on medium stems. Mod- 
erate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets 
broad, pointed. 

Comparison — Like Senator, except striped with blue. Better than Blue Flake Spencer. 

Remarks — The finest blue stripe. Stock pure, true. 



PARADISE BLUE FLAKE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hcmus, 19 10. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A large flower, having clear blue stripes on a white ground. 

Description in detail — A purplish-tinted white 6 (3-4) ground, with Parma violet 
200 (3-4) stripes on standard and ageratum blue 201 (1-2) on wings. Standard 
large, Spencer- waved ; wings hooded, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
three, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
Plant of tall, very vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Opens with less mauve, is less striped, and shows more white ground 
than Blue Flake. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 347 
Striped and Flaked (Red on white ground) 

AMERICA SPENCER 

Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 

Donated by Burpee, 191 3. 

Description in brief — Large, waved, red-flaked on a white ground. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings rosy white 8(1), striped with red- 
dish purple 161 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; 
wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers usually three, on strong, 
short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. A gar- 
den or exhibition variety. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 



GAIETY SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 

Donated by Burpee, Morse, 191 2. 

Description in brief — A waved variety. 

Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped with purple-rose 150 (i) 
on a rosy white 8(1) ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
waved, some double; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to four, well 
placed on very long, strong stems. Productive. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
Foliage rich dark green; tendrils colored; color in axils of peduncles and leaflets. 



JACK UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, red-striped variety, for garden or exhibition use. 
Description in detail — Color of stripes Rose Neyron red 119 (2-3) on a white ground. 

Standard large, slightly waved ; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers 

two to four, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 

Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils 

of leaves. 
Comparison — The Unwin form of Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain. 
Remarks — A fixed stock. 

PARADISE RED FLAKE 

Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, red-striped variety. 

Description in detail — A rosy white ground 8 (3-4) , with stripes of madder carmine 

141 (3-4) on standard and carmine-purple 156 (i) on wings. Standard large, 

upright, open; wings large. Flowers two to three, on moderate stems. Fragrance 

slight. Plant of strong growth. 
Comparison — A heavier stripe than Jack Unwin. Very distinct from America in 

color. 
Remarks — A pure stock. 



348 Bulletin 342 

RAINBOW SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Burpee, 1912 

Donated by Burpee, Boddinglon, Morse, 1912. 

Description in detail — A faint pink stripe on white. Flower very large, waved form; 

standard very large, waved; wings very large. Flowers on long, very strong stems. 

Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
Comparison — Larger than Gaiety Spencer. 
Remarks — All stocks were one half to three fourths Gaiety Spencer. 

RAMONA SPENCER 

Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 

Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 

Description in brief — A medium to large, waved flower, striped with pale rosy pink; 
a garden variety. 

Description in detail — Color of stripes rosy pink 118 (i)ona rosy white 8 (i) ground. 
Standard medium to large, waved; wings of medium size, waved, concealing the 
keel. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of moderately vigorous, healthy growth. Flowers fade, 
becoming almost white. 

Comparison — Rosabelle Hoare is a deeper stripe. Later stocks of this variety are 
superior to those of 19 10 and have superseded Rosabelle Hoare. 

Remarks — Too pale a stripe. 

RED FLAKE SPENCER 

Originated by — . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 

Donated by Henderson, 1910. 

Description in brief — A red stripe on a white ground. 

Synonyms — Synonymous with America. 

Remarks — A mixed stock. 

ROSABELLE HOARE 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 

Donated by Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, flaked variety, Unwin form. 

Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4) , with stripes of Rose Neyron 
red 119 (1-2) on standard and rosy pink 118 (1-2) on wings. Standard large, 
Unwin form; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong 
stems of moderate length. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
Plant of strong, healthy growth. 

Comparison — Flowers deeper-colored than Ramona Spencer. After 19 10 Ramona 
Spencer was so much improved as to supersede Rosabelle Hoare. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. 

UNCLE SAM 

Originated by Burpee. Introduced by . 

Donated by Burpee, for advance trial. 

Description in brief — A large, waved flower, with deep red stripes; a garden variety. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 349 

Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard geranium red 11 1 (i), on wings 
III (1-2), on a white ground. Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, partly 
open. Flowers two to three, on moderately long, strong stems. Plant of mod- 
erately tall, vigorous growth. 

Comparison — Superior in size to Red Flake Paradise. 

Remarks — A fixed stock. Should have been introduced in 191 1, as it was then the 
best crimson-striped variety. 

Striped and Flaked (Rose on primrose ground) 

ZEBRA 

Originated by Biflfen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 

Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, " reddish mauve flake " on a creamy white ground; a garden 
or exhibition variety. 

Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 154 (3-4), wings with 154 
(1-2), on a creamy white 10 (1-2) ground. Standard large, waved; wings long 
and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems. Moderate fra- 
grance. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy 
growth. 

Remarks — A pure stock. Distinct in color from the other varieties here listed. 

White 

ALTHORP WHITE 

Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 

Donated by Cole. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or exhibition use. 

Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved, 
with round top; wings short, broad, partly open, waved. Flowers three, on long, 
strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately 
strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 

Synonyms — A synonym of Etta Dyke. 

Remarks — Stock pure. 

ETTA DYKE 

Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Rawson, Unwin, 1910. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white, vSpencer-waved variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings milk white 1 1 (3-4) . Flower 
large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, concealing 
the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong stems. Very 
fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
Tendrils green. Seed white. 

Comparison — Similar to the best strains of Burpee's White Spencer. 

Remarks — The English stocks of this variety in 1910 were superior to the American, 
not only in amount of waviness but also in purity of stock. 

FLORENCE WRIGHT SPENCER 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. 

Donated by Stark, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 



550 Bulletin' 342 

Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (1-2), fading to pure white. Flower 
very large, waved form. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, stout 
stems. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green. 

Comparison — A superior strain of Florence Wright. 



MRS. SANKEY SPENCER 
Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909, 

Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910. 
Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 
Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (1-2); shows a tinge of pink in opening 

buds, but fades to white. Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and 

broad, partly open. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 

Bloom profuse, continuous, lasting well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of strong, 

vigorous growth. Seed large, round, dark brown. 
Remarks — One stock pure. 

MONEYMAKER 

Originated by Agate. Introduced by Agate, Lumley, 1910. 

Donated by Farquhar, 19 13. 

Description in brief — A very large, waved, white variety. 

Description in detail — Color snow white 2 (i). Flower very large, waved form; 
standard very large, slightly waved; wings large, short and broad. Flowers three, 
on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Sunproof. 
Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 

Remarks — Stock pure, true. 

NORA UNWIN 

Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 

Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 

Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or market use. 

Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, slightly waved, 
with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
mostly three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. Germination 
forty to seventy-five per cent. 

Remarks — A standard white variety. 



SNOWDON 

Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1913. 

Donated by Boddington, 1913. 

Description in detail — Color of standard and wings snow white 2 (i). Flower large, 

waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. 

Flowers three, on stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. 

Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
Remarks — Stock pure, true. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 351 

WHITE QUEEN 

Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 12. 

Donated by Stark, 1912. 

Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 

Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (i), fading to pure white. Flower 
large. Flowers three to four, on very long, strong stems. Plant tall, very vig- 
orous. Foliage dark green, healthy. 

Comparison — Superior to White Spencer. 

Remarks — Should be given a trial. 

WHITE SPENCER 

Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 

Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 

Description in brief — Large, pure white, waved, productive; a garden, market, and 
exhibition variety. 

Description in detail — Color of flower milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, Spencer- 
waved, with round top; wings long and broad, waved, partly open. Flowers two 
to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Mid- 
season. Plant of tall, healthy, vigorous growth. Seed white. Germination 
seventy to eighty per cent. 

Synonyms — The true flowers of this variety are identical with Etta Dyke, under 
which name it is known in England. 

Retnarks — Two of the stocks received in 191 o were pure as to color, but all gave some 
flowers that were not of the waved form. A standard white variety. 



352 Bl'LLIiTIN 342 

THE BEST VARIETIES OF SWEET PEAS 

The follo\vin<; list includes our selection from the hundreds of varieties 
tested under New York conditions. It is a matter of personal taste 
whether some of the color sections are desirable for any particular garden ; 
however, it is easily possible to select those varieties that are suited to 
individual tastes. 

WAVED V.\RIETIES 

Bicolor — • Mrs. Cuthbertson, Colleen. 

Blue — Margaret Madison, Flora Norton Spencer, Blue Jacket. 

Blush — Lady Evelyn Eyre, Princess Victoria, Florence Morse Spencer. 

Carmine — John Ingman. 

Cerise — Chrissie Unwin. 

Cream, Buff, and Ivory — Primrose Spencer, Isobel Malcolm, Primrose Beauty, Lady 

Knox. Queen Victoria Spencer. 
Cream-pink {Deep) — Mrs. Gibbs Box, Constance Oliver. 
Cream-pink {Pale) — Mrs. Routzahn, Lady Miller, Mrs. Hugh Dickson. 
Crimson — King Edward Spencer. 
Fancy — Afterglow. 
Lavender — Florence Nightingale. 
Magenta — Menie Christie. 
Marbled — -May Campbell. 
Maroon — Nubian, King Manoel. 
Maroon-purple — Arthur Green. 
Maroon-red — Brunette, Red Chief. 
Mauve {Dark) — Tennant Spencer. 
Mauve {Pale) — Mrs. Heslington, Mauve Queen. 
Orange-pink — Edrom Beauty, Carene, Helen Lewis. 
Orange-scarlet — Thomas Stevenson . 

Picotee edged {Cream ground) — Evelyn Hemus, Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. 
Picotee edged { White ground) — Dainty Spencer, Elsie Herbert, Martha Washington. 
Pink {Deep) — Hercules, Countess Spencer. 
Pink {Pale) — Elfrida Pearson. 
Rose — Marie Corelli, Rosabelle. 
Salmon Shades — Stirling Stent, Melba, Barbara. 
Scarlet — Dobbie's Scarlet, Scarlet Emperor, Red Star. 
Striped and Flaked {Chocolate on gray ground) — Senator Spencer. 
Striped and Flaked {Purple and blue) — Loyalty. 
Striped and Flaked {Red and rose) — America Spencer, Aurora Spencer, Mrs. W. J. 

Unwin. 
White — White Spencer, Nora Unwin. 

VARIETIES OF OPEN AND HOODED FORMS 

Bicolor — Blanche Ferry, Jeannie Gordon. 
Blue — Brilliant Blue, Navy Blue. 
Blue {Light) — Flora Norton. 
Blush — Modesty. 
Cerise — Coccinea. 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 353 

Cream, Buff, and Ivory — Zariiia, The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon, Queen Vietbria. 

Crimson — King Edward VII. 

Lavender — Lady Grizel Hamilton. 

Marbled — Helen Pierce. 

Maroon — Black Knight, Othello. • 

Mauve — Admiration, Mrs. Walter Wright, Dorothy Tennant. 

Orange Shades — Henry Eckford, Miss Wilmott. 

Picotee edged — Dainty, Lottie Eckford, Phenomenal. 

Pink — Prima Donna, Lovely, Katherine Tracy, Janet Scott. 

Rose and Carmine — Lord Roseberry. 

Scarlet — Queen Alexandra. 

Striped and Flaked {Chocolate on gray ground) — Senator. 

Striped and Flaked {Purple and bltie) — Princess of Wales, Hester 

Striped and Flaked {Red and rose) — America, Aurora, Ramona. 

White — Dorothy Eckford, Shasta, Emily Henderson, White Wonder. 

EARLY-FLOWERING VARIETIES 

Bicolor — Earliest of AU. 

Blue — Le Marquis (described in Bulletin 319 of this station, page 655). 

Lavender — Mrs. Alexander Wallace (described in Bulletin 319, page 653), 

Primrose — Earliest Sunbeams. 

Salmon-pink — Mrs. William Sim (described in Bulletin 319, page 648). 

White — Earliest White, Mont Blanc. 

market varieties 

open and hooded varieties — Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VII, Brilliant Blue, Lady 

Grizel Hamilton, Prima Donna, Blanche Ferry. 
Waved varieties — Covmtess Spencer, Nora Unwin, Asta Ohn, King Edward Spencer. 

The market requires flowers of good substance, so that they will endure 
handling, and in good, clear colors. Pink, Pink and White, Lavender, 
and Red and White varieties are most in demand and these should com- 
prise the greater part of the plantings. A few of the Blue, Cream-pink, 
and Primrose varieties may be sold. The number of blooms of the last- 
named that may be disposed of will depend on the market. The early- 
flowering varieties mentioned above are suitable for market. 



INDEX TO VARIETIES 



PAGE 

Acme 259 

Admiral Togo 266 

Admiration 275 

Adonis 236 

Afterglow 309 

Agnes Eckford 259 

Agnes Johnson 237 

A. J. Cook 322 

Alba Magnifica 252 

Albatross 285 

Albion 286 

Alice Eckford 233 

Althorp Cream 297 

Althorp White 349 

America 250 

American Belle 255 

American Queen 236 

America Spencer 347 

Amethyst 323 

Andrew Aitken 329 

Anglian Orange 329 

Annabel Lee 31? 

Annie B. Gilroy 262 

Annie Stark 283 

Apple Blossom 255 

Apple Blossom Spencer 290 

April 345 

Argosy 275 

Arthur Green 320 

Arthur Unwin 290 

Asta Ohn 310 

Audry Crier 333 

Aurora 283 

Aurora Spencer 343 

Azure Fairy 241 

Baker's Scarlet 239 

Barbara 338 

Beacon 231 

Beatrice Spencer 334 

Bertha Massey 323 

Bertie Hamilton 251 

Bertie Usher 345 

Bertrand W. Deal 310 

Beryl 303 

Betty 323 

Black 243 



PAGE 

Blackbird 266 

Black Knight 242 

Black Michael 242 

Blanche Burpee 285 

Blanche Ferry 229 

Blanche Ferry Spencer 290 

Blue Bell (May) 231 

Blue Belle (Bide) 232 

Blue Bird 266 

Blue Edged 246 

Blue Flake 345 

Blue Flake Spencer 346 

Blue Jacket 291 

Blushing Beauty 259 

Blushing Bride 229 

Blush Queen 293 

Blush Rose Spencer 334 

Bob 264 

Bobby K . . . ". 293 

Bolton's Pink 276 

Bolton's Scarlet 339 

Boreatton 243 

Bride of Niagara ' . . . 229 

Bridesmaid 247 

Brilliant 264 

Brilliant Blue 258 

Britannia 284 

British Queen 261 

Bronze King 23 1 

Bronze Paradise 318 

Bronze Prince 231 

Brunette 322 

Butterfly 277 

Buttonhole 277 

California 259 

Calypso 241 

Caprice (Henderson) 281 

Caprice (Johnson) 284 

Captain Clarke 246 

Captain of the Blues 257 

Captain of the Blues Spencer 321 

Captivation 244 

Captivation Spencer 306 

Cardinal 238 

Cardinal Wolseley 243 

Carene 326 



354 



Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 355 



PAGE 

[Carmen Sylva 241 

Carmine Invincible 238 

Celestial 271 

Chancellor 277 

Charles Foster 309 

Charles Hjemus 318 

Charm 336 

Chastity 332 

Chrissie Unwin 296 

Clara Curtis 297 

Coccinea 262 

Coccinea Paradise 297 

Colleen 290 

Colonist 260 

Columbia 250 

Constance Oliver 301 

Coquette 255 

Coral Gem 263 

Coronation (?) 237 

Coronation (Bolton) 303 

Coronet 249 

Cottage Maid 259 

Countess Cadogan 257 

Countess of Aberdeen 260 

Countess of Lathom 263 

Countess of Powis 245 

Countess of Radnor 271 

Countess of Shrewsburj^ 231 

Countess Spencer 334 

Cream of Brockhampton 286 

Creole 240 

Crimson Giant 307 

Crimson Paradise 307 

Crown Jewel 255 

Crown Princess of Prussia 247 

Cyril Breadmore 261 

Cyril Unwin 318 

Dainty 279 

Dainty Spencer 332 

David R. Williamson 257 

Dawn (Stark) 255 

Dawn (Walker) 274 

Daybreak 250 

Dazzler 329 

Delicata 260 

DeHght 234 

Devonshire Cream 254 

Distinction 332 

Debbie's Cream 297 



page 

Dobbie's Scarlet 340 

Dolly Varden 278 

Dora 310 

Dora Breadmore 270 

Doris Burt 340 

Doris Usher 301 

Dorothy Eckford 285 

Dorothy Tennant 275 

Dorothy Vick 235 

Double Duke of Clarence 268 

Double Primrose Beauty 298 

Douglas Breadmore 281 

Douglas Unwin 318 

Dragonfly 310 

Duchess of Edinburgh 235 

Duchess of Marlboro 247 

Duchess of Sutherland 260 

Duchess of Westminster 237 

Duchess of York 251 

Dudley Lees 268 

Duke of Clarence 268 

Duke of Clarence, Double (see 
Double Duke of Clarence) 

Duke of Kent 248 

Duke of Sutherland 268 

Duke of Westminster 257 

Duke of York 231 

Earl Cromer 273 

EarUest of All 229 

Earliest Sunbeams 254 

Earliest White 252 

Earl Spencer 338 

Eastern Queen 282 

Edith Taylor 326 

Edna Turner 337 

Edna Unwin Improved 329 

Edrom Beauty 327 

E. J. Castle 295 

Elaine 298 

Elfrida Pearson 336 

Elfrieda 249 

Ella Kelway 303 

Elsie Herbert 332 

Emily Eckford 275 

Emily Eckford Spencer 323 

Emily Henderson 252 

Emily Lynch 255 

Empress 324 

Empress of India (Eckford) 232 



356 



Bulletin 342 



PAGE 

Empress of India (May) 243 

Enchantress 334 

Enid 256 

Eric Harvey 333 

Esmeralda 261 

Ethel Roosevelt 344 

Etna 241 

Etta Dyke 349 

Evelyn Breadmore 260 

Evelyn Byatt 245 

Evelyn Hemus 331 

Evening Star 237 

Exquisite 274 

Extra Early Blanche Ferry 230 

Fadeless Scarlet Gem 239 

Fairy Queen 234 

Fascination 275 

Fashion 273 

Felicity 310 

Finetta Bathurst 285 

Firefly 239 

Flora Norton 233 

Flora Norton Spencer 292 

Florence Eraser 230 

Florence Molyneaux 282 

Florence Morse Spencer 294 

Florence Nightingale 311 

Florence Spencer 334 

Florence Wright Spencer 349 

Florist Lavender 271 

Florrie Crutcher 280 

Forty-niner 286 

Frances Deal 324 

Frank Dolby 311 

Frank Unwin 311 

Gaiety 284 

Gaiety Spencer. 347 

Garnet Spencer 319 

G. C. Waud 307 

Gem 232 

George Curzon 346 

George Gordon 273 

George Herbert 296 

George Stark 340 

George Stark Improved 340 

George Washington 341 

Giant Cream Waved 298 

Gladys Burt 304 

Gladys French 274 



PAGE 

Gladys Unwin 335 

Glyn Turquand 327 

Golden Gate 278 

Golden Gleam 287 

Golden Rose 283 

Gorgeous 245 

Grace May 252 

Gracie Greenwood . . ". 263 

Gray Friar 274 

G. W. Kerr 263 

Hannah Dale 267 

Harold 254 

Harvard 265 

Helen Grosvenor 327 

Helen Lewis 327 

Helen Pierce 241 

Helen WilHams 331 

Helio Paradise 324 

Heliotrope Spencer 324 

Henry Eckford 248 

Herbert Smith 245 

Hercules 335 

Her Majesty 261 

Hester 249 

Hetty Green 245 

Hilda Jeffrey 255 

H. J. R. Digges 267 

Holdfast Belle 304 

Honorable F. Bouverie 263 

Horace Wright 268 

Ignea 265 

Imperial Blue 258 

Improved Dudley Lees 268 

Inconstancy 254 

Indigo King 269 

Inspector 339 

Invincible Scarlet 239 

Invincible Scarlet Striped 251 

Invincible Striped 251 

Irish Belle 311 

Isa Eckford 248 

Isobel Malcolm 298 

I vanhoe 312 

Rj^' Miller 278 

Jack Unwin 347 

James Grieve 287 

Janet Scott 263 

Jeannie Gordon 256 

Jessie Cuthbertson 283 



Classification' of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 357 



I'AGE 

Jet 267 

John Ingman 296 

John Ridd 32 1 

Josephine White 252 

J. T. Crier 271 

Juanita 28 1 

Juliet 304 

Katharine Tracy 248 

Kelway Black 269 

Keston Red 266 

King Edward Improved 239 

King Edward VII 239 

King Edward Spencer 307 

King Manoel 319 

King Marjorie 337 

Lady Aberdare 260 

Lady Althorp 294 

Lady Beaconsfield 232 

Lady Coopor 272 

Lady Dalkeith 230 

Lady Evelyn Eyre 294 

Lady Grizel Hamilton 272 

Lady Knox 298 

Lady Mary Currie 277 

Lady Miller 304 

Lady M. Ormsby Gore 270 

Lady Nina Balfour 272 

Lady Sarah Spencer 335 

Lady Skelmersdale 256 

Laura Wyatt 328 

Lavender Queen 312 

Lavender Spencer 312 

Lemon Queen 234 

Leslie Imber 292 

Liberty 307 

Light Gaiety 284 

Lila 294 

Lilac Queen 312 

Little Dorrit 230 

Lord Althorp 328 

Lord Derby 280 

Lord Kenyon . . . 273 

Lord Nelson 258 

Lord Roseberry 273 

Loma Doone 295 

Lottie Eckford 278 

Lottie Hutchins 283 

Lovely 280 

Lovely Spencer 335 



PAGE 

Loyalty 346 

Madame Carnot 258 

Madeline Cole 272 

Magnificent 343 

Maid of Honor 279 

Majestic 261 

Malcolm's No. 14 313 

Mandoline 313 

Marbled Blue 249 

Marchioness of Cholmondeley .... 270 

Margaret Madison 292 

Marie Corelli 337 

Marion 335 

Marjorie WiUis 337 

Marks Tey 316 

Maroon Paradise 321 

Mars 265 

Martha Washington 333 

Mary Garden 301 

Masterpiece 313 

Mauve Beauty 313 

Mauve Paradise 325 

Mauve Queen 325 

Mauve Spencer 313 

May Campbell 317 

May Farquhar 292 

May Perrett 237 

May Perrett Spencer 299 

Melba 339 

Menie Christie 316 

Meteor 246 

Mid Blue 233 

Midnight 267 

Mikado 284 

Mildred Ward 246 

Millie Maslin 265 

Mima Johnston 236 

Minnehaha 252 

Minnie Fumell 302 

Minnie Keepers 272 

Miriam Beaver 302 

Miss Bostock 264 

Miss E. F. Drayson 341 

Miss Ethel 234 

Miss Hunt 236 

Miss Wilmott 277 

Miss Wilmott Improved 277 

Mrs. Alfred Watkins 336 

Mrs. A. Malcolm 287 



358 



BlLl-lvTIN 342 



VMiK 

Airs. Andivw Irekind 290 

Mrs. Bieberstedt 276 

Mrs. Charles Foster 314 

Mrs. Charles Masters 264 

Mrs. Collier 287 

Mrs. Cuthbertson 291 

Mrs. C. W. Brcadmore 331 

Mrs. Dugdale 260 

Mrs. Duncan 308 

Mrs. Eckford 287 

Mrs. E. Cowdy 321 

Mrs. E. Oilman 256 

Mrs. E. Herbert 280 

Mrs. Fitzgerald 270 

Mrs. George Higginson, jr 272 

Mrs. Gibbs Box 302 

Mrs. Gladstone 234 

Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes 295 

Mrs. H. D. Tigwcil 344 

Mrs. Henry Bell 305 

Mrs. Heslington 325 

Mrs. H, Kendall Barnes 270 

Mrs. Hugh Dickson 305 

Mrs. Isaac House 272 

Mrs. J. Miller 277 

Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain 284 

Mrs. Knights-Smith 280 

Mrs. Langtry 252 

Mrs. Reginald Hill 314 

Mrs. R. M. Shelton 261 

Mrs. Routzahn 305 

Mrs. Sankey 285 

Mrs. Sankey Spencer 350 

Mrs. Stewart Champion 305 

Mrs. S. T. Walker 260 

Mrs. Tom Fogg 276 

Mrs. Walter Wright 276 

Mrs. W. J. Unwin 344 

Modesty 260 

Monarch 269 

Moneymaker 350 

Mont Blanc. ..." 253 

Moonstone 314 

Natoma 302 

Navy Blue 258 

Negro 243 

Nell Gwynne 303 

Nellie Janes 230 

Nettie Jenkins 314 



New Countess 272 

New Iniiiroved Lucy Hemus 291 

Nigger 267 

Nita 281 

Nora Unwin 350 

Novelty 236 

Nubian 319 

Nymphaea 279 

Oddity 261 

Olive Ruflfell 303 

( )range King 330 

Orange Perfection 330 

Orange Prince 246 

Orange Spencer 328 

Orchid 315 

Oregonia 285 

Oriental 277 

Orion 308 

Othello 267 

Othello Spencer 319 

Ovid 261 

Painted Lady 230 

Paradise 336 

Paradise Beauty 299 

Paradise Blue Flake 346 

Paradise Carmine. . .■ 296 

Paradise Ivory 299 

Paradise Red Flake 347 

Paradise Regained 295 

Peach Blossom 248 

Peacock 244 

Pearl Grey 315 

Perdita 274 

Phenomenal 279 

Phoebus 328 

Phyllis Unwin 296 

Picotee 333 

Pink Friar 274 

Pink Snapdragon 288 

Premier 341 

Prima Donna 280 - 

Primrose 254 

Primrose Beauty 299 

Primrose Beauty, Double (see 
Double Primrose Beauty) 

Primrose Paradise 300 

Primrose Spencer 300 

Prince Edward of York 235 

Prince of Asturias 320 



Classifuation of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 



359 



PAGE 

Prince of Orange 328 

Prince of Wales 262 

Prince Olaf 249 

Princess Alice Spencer 315 

Princess Beatrice 248 

Princess Catherine 295 

Princess Louise 244 

Princess Maud of Wales 262 

Princess May 240 

Princess of Wales 281 

Princess Victoria (Dobbie) 295 

Princess Victoria (Eckford) 235 

Purple 316 

Purple Brown Stripe 250 

Purple King 269 

Purple Prince 269 

Purple Prince Spencer t,22 

Purple Snapdragon 288 

Queen Alexandra 266 

Queenie 300 

Queen Mary 306 

Queen of England 253 

Queen of Mauves 315 

Queen of Pinks 280 

Queen of Spain 264 

Queen of the Isles 251 

Queen Victoria 287 

Queen Victoria Spencer 300 

Rainbow Spencer 348 

Ramona 285 

Ramona Spencer 348 

Red and White Striped 251 

Red Chief 322 

Red Flake Spencer 348 

Red Paradise 341 

Red Riding Hood 288 

Red Star 341 

Regina 243 

Reselected Extreme Early Earliest 

of All 230 

Rising Sun 242 

Romolo Piazzani 276 

Rosabelle 338 

Rosabelle Hoare 348 

Rose Diamond 338 

Rose Queen 281 

Rosie Adams 308 

Royal Purple 317 

Royal Robe 281 



Royal Rose 256 

Royal Scarlet 342 

Royalty 325 

Ruby 330 

Ruby Palmer 308 

Sadie Burpee (black-seeded) 285 

Sadie Burpee (white-seeded) 286 

Saf rano 288 

St. George 330 

Salopian 265 

Salvation Lassie 289 

Scarlet Emperor 342 

Scarlet Empress 342 

Scarlet Gem 240 

Scarlet Monarch 342 

Seafoam 301 

Senator 281 

Senator Spencer 343 

Sensation 260 

Shahzada 267 

Shasta 253 

Shawondasee 292 

Silas Cole 320 

Snowdon 350 

Snowfiake 253 

Southcote Blue 293 

Speckled Beauty 274 

Splendid Lilac 247 

Splendour 262 

Stanley 243 

Stark's Elegance 344 

Stella Morse 271 

Stirling Stent 339 

Striped Celestial 282 

Striped Tennant 282 

Sue Earl 271 

Saltan 244 

Sunproof King 309 

Sunproof Salopian 266 

vSunrise 237 

Sunset 283 

Sutton's Queen 306 

Sweet Lavender 317 

vSybil Eckford 240 

Tennant Spencer 326 

The Bride 286 

The Fairy 273 

The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon. . 288 

The King 309 



360 



Bulletin 342 



PAGE 

Thr Marquis 3^6 

The Queen 244 

Thomas Stevenson 33 1 

Tortoise Shell 339 

Triumph 232 

Triumph Spencer 291 

True Lavender 273 

Tweedy Smith 256 

Uncle vSam 348 

Unique 282 

Venus 264 

Vermilion Brilliant 343 

Vesuvius 242 

Victor Unwin 320 

Violet Queen 244 

Walter P. Wright 316 

Waverly 258 

Waverly Spencer 322 



PAGE 

Wawona 282 

W. E. Gladstone 240 

White Queen 35 1 

White Snapdragon 289 

White Spencer 351 

White Triumph 253 

White Wonder 286 

Winifred Deal 333 

Winifred Unwin 316 

W. T. Hutchins 306 

Yellow Hammer 288 

Zara 336 

Zarina 238 

Zebra 349 

Zena 345 

Zephyr .'. 293 

Zero 253 

Zoe 233 




Tlie winter-flowering sweet pea, Canary 



SWEET PEA STUDIES— II 
WINTER-FLOWERING SWEET PEAS 

Alvin C. Beal 

Next in order to the waved section the most important type of sweet 
peas yet developed from the older garden forms is the winter-fiowering 
class, which has reached its greatest perfection in the United States. 

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS 

The winter-flowering type is absolutely distinct in its habit of growth 
and its early-flowering character. Unlike the garden types, which appar- 
ently stand still for a time when only a few inches high while side shoots 
are developed, the winter-flowering peas grow rapidly until they attain 
a height of two to four feet; then they begin to flower freely, after which 
time side shoots are developed. In trials at this station the varieties 
of the winter-flowering type, planted September 24, came into flower 
between Thanksgiving and Christmas; while some varieties of the waved 
and the older types, planted at the same time, did not flower until the last 
week in April. Many varieties of the first-named type were flowering 
freely at the holidays, but the record would have been surpassed had it 
not been for the fact that during the month of November the region 
about Ithaca had not an entire day of sunshine and had only two partly 
sunny days. December was almost as dark and cloudy. 

The winter-flowering peas make their greatest growth under glass. 
When planted in the spring in the open ground they make a very slender 
gro\vth as compared with the garden t^'pe, and flower early in the season 
when a few inches high. However, they flower very profusely and con- 
tinuously. 

The garden type stools out well when planted under glass, but requires 
the entire winter for growth if planted in the fall. It is said by a practical 
grower that seed planted in January will flower as soon as that planted 
in August. This difference in habit of growth, manifesting itself very 
early, is of great value to the florist in enabling him to guard against loss 
from procuring the wrong seed. 

The flowers of the winter-flowering type are generally of the open form 
of Blanche Ferry. Some of the English- and American-raised varieties 
of this type are hooded, and Anton C. Zvolanek is perfecting a waved- 
flower group. At this station it is thought that the open-flowered type 

619 



620 



Bulletin 319 



is superior in substance in midwinter, and the flowers remain open. This 
appears, therefore, to be the commercial type. The perfection of this type 
will be along the line of increased size and of number of flowers on a stem. 




\V,ill,i,ra C<iii:Uss el R,uln r 

Fig 171. — Difference in grmvth of the winter-flmveriug and garden types 

The hooded varieties are often too much hooded and ha\'e, in the eyes 
of the buyer, a wilted appearance; or, even when they show their freshness, 
the flowers do not give the appearance of their real size, as is seen in Mrs. 
F. J. Dolansky. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 621 

FORCING sweet PEAS 

Fifteen years ago sweet peas were usually fairly plentiful in the markets 
Df the large cities about the first of April, and sometimes flowers were 
;een as early as the last week in February. Among the varieties grown 
Neve Blanche Ferry, Lottie Eckford, Emily Henderson, and Katherine 
Tracy. The seeds were usually sown in August or September in pots 
md benched after chrysanthemums, or seeds were planted in carnation 
tenches and the plants trained on the purlin supports of the greenhouse. 
vVilliam Scott advocated the above methods, especially the latter, as 
le asserted that the plants did not make much growth until the bright 
spring days when there was sufficient sunshine for both carnations and 
jweet peas. 

Florists have been growing sweet peas under glass to a limited extent 
"or a number of years. Soon after the introduction of Blanche Ferry, 
it least twenty years ago, this variety was tried under glass. The first 
•ecord of sweet peas being grown under glass in any other than a very 
imited way is in 1897, when, Mr. Zvolanek states, he grew three houses 
Df them, thus becoming undoubtedly the largest grower in the country 
it that time. In March of that year, sweet peas, white and pink, were 
reported as very plentiful in the New York market, selling at ^first at 
twenty-five cents for a bunch of twelve sprays. 

Previous to the introduction of the Zvolanek varieties in 1906, besides 
the varieties above given, the following were grown: Emily Eckford, 
Golden Gleam, Countess of Radnor. 

LEADING types 

ChrisUnas-iiowering group 
This group of winter-flowering sweet peas was developed by Anton 
C. Zvolanek, now of Bound Brook, N. J., who doubtless supplied The 
Weekly Florists' Review with the following account of their origin, appear- 
ing in the issue of that periodical for April 13, 1899, page 495; 

Sweet peas under glass 
" The accompanying engraving is from a photograph taken January 
6 last, of a house of sweet peas at the establishment of Mr. Ant. C. Zvolanek, 
West Hoboken, N. J. The boxes seen in the picture are 6 inches wide 
and 6 inches deep. The seed was sown in these boxes, out of doors, 
September 2, and the boxes taken inside the last week in October. The 
plants began to bloom November 20, and the first cut of 200 flowers was 
sent to market November 24. The house was 12 x 73 feet and built 
of sash containing 6x8-inch glass. The temperature given was 45 



622 Bulletin 319 

degrees at night. From this house Mr. Zvolanek cut 20,400 blooms 
during the month of December and 38,800 during January, the stems 
14 inches long. 

" The variety is one that originated with Mr. Zvolanek. Five years 
ago he noted among some Lottie Eckfords a plant that started flowering 
about two weeks earlier than the others and was dwarf er in habit. The 
following year he fertilized this with Blanche Ferry and the result was 
a decided improvement in color, size, stem, and habit. He named it 
Zvolanck's Christmas. He has five other houses of sweet peas, the seed 
having been sown outside in 4-inch pots early in September and the 
seedlings planted out in the solid beds inside in November and 
December in the same soil in which chrysanthemums had been growing. 
These seem to do as well as those in boxes, supplying a crop of flowers 
by Christmas." 

The above account of the origin of this group is confirmed in a paper 
written by Mr. Zvolanek and published in MoUer's " Deutsche Gartner- 
Zeitung," May 3, 1902. In that account he states that he discovered 
the original plants in January, 1892, among Lottie Eckfords that did 
not usually flower until March. The following is his account: 

" On January i, 1895, I was able to send the first ten dozen cut blooms 
to New York, where they occasioned great surprise. In 1899 I intro- 
duced this variety as Zvolanck's Christmas. 

" Meanwhile I endeavored to secure other colors by crossing, in which 
I was also successful. In January, 1899, I exhibited four new seedlings 
before the New York Florists' Club, and these were in the colors pure 
white, lavender, malmaison-colored, and red; all of which were commended. 
Especially prominent is the pure white, which was registered with the 
vSocicty of American Florists December 18, 1900, as Miss Florence E. 
Denzer and which will be sent out next August (1902). This excellent 
sort surpasses its mother, Zvolanck's Christmas, in the size of its flowers 
as well as in length of stem, producing over twenty per cent blooms with 
four flowers on very long stems." 

There was found no record of the exhibit mentioned above, but the 
writer finds mentioned and illustrated in The American Florist for January 
6, 1900, the following new and promising varieties originated by Mr. 
Zvolanek : 

" No. I has been named Zvolanck's Christmas; No. 2 is a seedling 
from Emily Henderson; No. 3, variegated seedling; No. 4, sport from 
Zvolanck's Christmas; No. 5, seedling from Katherine Tracy." 

The New York Florists' Club, on January 14, 1901, awarded honorable 
mention to A. C. Zvolanek for a pink variety named Christmas and for 
two white varieties, No. 6 and Miss Florence E. Denzer. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 623 

The parentage of the chief varieties of this group has been given by- 
Mr. Zvolanek as follows: 

Miss Florence E. Denzer — Christmas x Emily Henderson 
Christmas Comtes — Improved Christmas x New Countess 
Christmas Captain — Florence E. Denzer x Captain of the Blues 

Miss Helen M. Gould — Florence E. Denzer x 

Mrs. Alexander Wallace — Florence E. Denzer x Lady Grizel Hamilton 

Mrs. Edie Wild — Christmas Pink x Salopian 

Secretary William J. Stewart — Christmas Captain x Countess Spencer 

Mrs. W. W. vSmalley — Enchantress x Mrs. E. Wild 

Mrs. William Sim — Christmas White x Mrs. E. Wild 

Mrs. F. J. Dolansky — Seedling of Enchantress 

Mrs. J. F. Hannan — Mrs. William Sim x Mrs. E. Wild 

Miss Josie Reilly — Florence E. Denzer x Mrs. A. Wallace 

Le Marquis — William J. Stewart x Gladys Unwin 

Mrs. Charles H. Totty • — Mrs. A. Wallace x blue unnamed seedling 

Greenbrook — Mrs. George Lewis x unnamed seedling 

Blue Bird — Walter Wright x Wallacea 

Mrs. George Lewis — Watchung x Gladys Unwin 

Mrs. Zvolanek — Helen Pierce x Christmas White 

Governor Fort ■ — Seedling of Mrs. William Sim x Spencer seedling 

Mr. Zvolanek has probably originated over one hundred varieties, 
but of this number only the following thirty have been sent out : 

1900, Christmas, or Christmas Pink. 
1902, Miss Florence E. Denzer. 

1905, Christmas Red and Christmas White. 

1906, Mrs. E. Wild and New Christmas Flowering Hybrids, mostly 
blue, salmon, and lavender. 

1907, Le Marquis, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. William J. Stewart, Airs. 
F. J. Dolansky, Jack Hunter, Christmas Captain, Mrs. Charles 
H. Totty, Miss Josie Reilly, and Christmas Meteor. 

1908, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Mrs. George Lewis, Greenbrook, Miss 
Helen M. Gould, and Marian Hannan (Mrs. J. F. Hannan). 

1909, Wallacea, Governor Fort, Pink Beauty, Mrs. Zvolanek, Helen 
Keller, and Snow Queen. 

19 10, Blue Bird, Zvolanek's Blue, Zvolanek's Orange, Zvolanek's Pink. 

TSlemly group 

The Telemly varieties of sweet peas have been offered in England 
for sowing under glass. So far as the writer can learn, they have not yet 
been offered or grown by the trade in this country. 



624 Bulletin 319 

This group was originated by the Re\^erend Edwyn Arkwright, in 
his garden at Telemly, on the hill of Mustapha near the city of Algiers, 
in Algeria, Africa. For a number of years our great American variety, 
Blanche Ferry, was grown. This variety has always been known as an 
early variety, and it flowered about the end of IMarch in the locality 
mentioned. 

The Reverend Mr. Arkwright, in an article in the Sweet Pea Annual 
for 1907, says: 

" About seven years ago a sport showed itself in my garden as early 
as February and was promptly isolated from all others. The next year 
I had some plants flowering in January, and among them one red one, 
a cross apparently from Mars, on which a blossom or two had come out 
in May of the previous year. From these parents I have now ten or 
twelve of the usual colours, ranging from white to purple, and including 
duplicates, or shall I say imitations, of Honorable Mrs. E. Ken3^on, Jeannie 
Gordon, Lady Grizel Hamilton, Mars, Black Knight, etc., which begin 
to flower about Christmas time and last for five months. 

" That they form a distinct group is evident from the fact that Eck- 
ford's sweet peas, which I sow at the same time, i. e., at the end of Sep- 
tember, do not flower till May. Moreover, the leaf is considerably nar- 
rower than in Eckford's varieties and more pointed and the stem appears 
to have more woody fibre." 

Engelmann group {Lathyrus odoratus Praecox) 

Another group of winter-flowering sweet peas has been ofTered by 
C. Engelmann, of Saffron Walden, Essex, England. Mr. Engelmann 
says, in the Sweet Pea Annual for 1907 : 

"It is nearly four years since some plants of Ca])tain of the Blues 
s]3orted with me and gave winter-flowering varieties of quite distinct 
habit. Ordinarily stocks sown in avittimn will not bloom under glass 
until the following April, but the newcomers commence to bloom from 
six to ten weeks after seed sowing, and continue to fomi branches and 
])roduce flowers all through the winter. 

" I have now winter-flowering rc])resentatives of such varieties as 
Dorothy Eckford, Lady Grizel Hamilton, and Miss Wilmott, as well 
as a number of crosses between these and the ordinary type and Mont 
Blanc, so that almost all sweet pea colours are represented. 

" In 1906 I sowed my winter-flowering varieties at the end of August 
and beginning of September, and the resulting plants commenced to 
flower in October and were splendidly in bloom at the end of November 
and early in December, and they should continue to flower until the 
ordinary sweet peas come into flower." 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 



625 



Blanche Ferry and its descendants 

The following is quoted from an article by Will W. Tracy, in The 
American Florist, Vol. 13, April 2, 1898: 

" Some forty years ago a woman in northern New York noticed and 
saved seed from a particularly bright -flowered plant of the Painted Lady. 
She planted them in her garden, and each succeeding year saved and planted 
seeds from what she thought were her best plants. She did not raise 
many, some years not more 
than a dozen plants and never 
more than could be grown in 
three square beds. She was 
the wife of a quarryman and 
her garden was always over 
limestone ledges where the 
soil, though fertile, was often 
not over a foot in de})th, and 
gradually her plants became 
more compact and sturdy, 
until after some ten or tweh^e 
years she ceased to bush 
them, simply letting them 
support themselves. After she 
had raised them in this way 
for some twenty-five years 
a seedsman noticed their 
beauty, obtained about one 
hvmdred seeds, and from them 
has come the Blanche Ferry." 

This variety was introduced 
by D. M. Ferry & Co. m 1889. 
In their catalog for that year 
it is shown by means of a 
colored plate. 

Peter Henderson & Co. in- 
troduced in 1893 the famous 
white variety, Emily Henderson, a sport of Blanche Ferry. In 1895 
D. M. Ferry & Co. sent out Extra Early Blanche Ferry, which they 
produced in 1892. 

Eariiest of All was distributed in 1898 by Burpee. In his catalog 
he says that "it is not only the earliest to bloom in the open ground, 
but also the most desirable for forcing under glass for winter cut flowers. 
The dwarf habit of the plant (only two feet) renders it much more easily 




Fig. 172. 



Branching of the plants of the garden and 
winter-flowering types 



626 



Bulletin 319 



grown upon benches, admits of closer i^lanting, and from seed sown in 
the latter part of August blooms may be cut for the holidays, while with 
the taller varieties no blooms could be cut before February or March." 
In 1Q02 the finn sent out an earlier strain of this variety under the name 
" Gould's Extreme Early Earliest of All." 

Mont Blanc was introduced by Ernest 
Benary, of Erfurt, Germany, in igoo. It 
is said that this variety came from Emily 
Henderson. Burpee, in his catalog for 
1 90 1, says that it is the exact counter- 
I^art of Earliest of All except in the color 
of the flowers, which are white. 

Earliest Sunbeams appeared in 1904 
and was described as a primrose Mont 
Blanc, with which it was identical except 
in color. 

In 1904 Mr. Thomas Gould, of California, 
the originator of the strains of Earliest of 
All, found a white sport in a stock of the 
Resclected Earliest of All, which was iden- 
tical with Earliest of All in every respect 
except color. Unlike Mont Blanc, it had 
a black seed. This variety, Earliest White, 
was introduced in 1906 by Burpee, who 
strongly recoinmended it for forcing. 

Thus we had in 1906 a group of early- 
flowering varieties represented by Blanche 
Ferry, Extra Early Blanche Ferry, Earliest 
of All, Extreme Early Earliest of All, 
Mont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeams, and 
Earliest White, which were of distinct 
habit from the usual garden types and 
which were sometimes forced under glass. 
These varieties were all descendants of 
Blanche Ferry, from which they originated 
as seed sports either directly or indirectly. A further significant fact is that 
Blanche Ferry is a descendant of Painted Lady, which is the common name 
of the sweet pea described by Bumiann in 1 7 3 7 as a new species from Ceylon. 
The known origin of the winter-flowering type of the Zvolanek and 
Telemly strains indicates their relation to Blanche Ferry, and this is 
confirmed by the fact that Watchung, Florence E. Denzer, and others 
are indistinguishal)lc from varieties named above. 




Fig. 173. — Sweet peas grown in pots 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 627 

CULTURE under GLASS 

The house 

Winter-flowering sweet peas grow six to ten or more feet high, and if 
they are to attain their full development a house with this amount of 
headroom is required. They also need all the light they can get, as the 
lighter the house, the more blooms there will be. Low or dark houses 
are not practicable. 

Solid beds. — Sweet peas may be grown on benches, but solid beds are 
better since the plants require a deep, moist, cool soil. The roots should 
be given an opportunity to go down, by properly preparing the soil two 
or three feet in depth. With this depth of prepared soil it is imperative 
that the beds have good drainage, for oversaturation is detrimental to 
the young plants and any tendency to keep them in this state brings on 
sourness, which is fatal to sweet peas. Having the beds raised at least 
one foot above the walks will assist in keeping the soil vmiformly sweet. 

When planning to grow sweet peas under glass in solid beds, the house 
should be cleared as early as possible. Trench the soil two feet deep. 
If the beds have been manured annually, the bottom soil may be brought 
to the surface. In new houses, in case the beds are to be raised a foot, 
trench the soil eighteen to twenty-four inches deep if it is a good loam; 
if not, remove the soil and fill the beds with good soil. This gives an 
additional foot of loosened soil when the bed is full, but it is needed for 
additional drainage. In turning this original soil in a new bed, a];)ply 
a heavy coat of good decomposed cow manure in the trench. Then 
spread on top a three-inch coat of m^anure and fill in with the prepared 
soil. In the old beds, put a three-inch layer of manure in the bottom 
of the trench and another about a foot below the top. The soil should 
remain thus until about the time for sowing; if a month or more inter- 
venes, it is much better. At this time fork over the top layer one foot 
deep, which mixes the upper layer of manure with the surface soil. 

Benches. — While good crops of sweet peas may be grown on benches, 
yet they require more care than when in beds. The sweet pea is frequently 
grown as a crop to succeed chrysanthemums, particularly by those florists 
who do not devote a great amount of space to pot plants. In order to 
have flowers for Christmas, the early chrysanthemums should be cleared 
from the house by October 20 and the space filled with good sweet pea 
plants transplanted from pots. 

The seed 
Only good, strong-germinating seed should be used, and the best for 
the purpose is the outdoor-grown stock of this type. If the grower raises 
his own seed for the earliest planting, that from outdoor fall-sown plants 



62 S Bulletin ^.519 



I 



is preferable; otherwise it will always i)ay to purchase stock from the 
specialists who produce seed under California conditions. Seed procured 
near the end of the season from, exhausted ji;reenhouse-5,:;rown plants often 
germinates poorly or ])roduces weak ])lants. Sometimes, even though 
the seedlings start off fairly well, they later exhibit constitutional weakness. 

If the steam pijies are on the side walls, plant the first row of seeds 
five feet from them. If the rows run east and west, plant the others 
five feet ai)art; if the rows run north and south, space them three feet 
apart. Make the drills one or -^ne iind a half inch deep, and drop the 
seeds one to one and a half mch apart. Cover the depth of the drill, 
and keep the surface level. 

Sowing 

The winter-flowering varieties may be sown in the beds or benches 
where they are to stand, or they may be sown in pots. The former method 
gives the better results.* A day or two before planting, the beds should 
be thoroughly saturated with water; William Sim, the most extensive 
grower, advises a strong dose of liquid manure instead. As soon as the 
top has dried ofi so as to be in a good friable condition, plant the seed. 
The varieties with white seeds are best sown in sand ; or, as Mr. Zvolanek 
advises, soak the seeds for ten hours in water, scatter in flats, and allow 
to remain for two days or until the seeds begin to swell. The seeds may 
then be sown in moderately dry soil in the same way as other varieties. 
The white-seeded varieties, more than any others, require careful attention 
in the watering. 

Watering 

If the soil has been saturated before planting, no more water should 
be applied for perhaps a week, or only when the soil is no longer moist 
three inches below the surface. When a thorough watering is not applied 
first, and the seed is sown and watered in, as a rule not enough water 
is given to saturate the soil very deep. The result is that the plant con- 
fines its root area to this shallow moist layer and does not root deeply. 
It therefore suffers from extremes, and any lack of moisture is followed by 
a check from which it never recovers. On the other hand, if the prepara- 
tory watering is given and water witlihcld until there is need of it, the 
roots strike downward into moist and cooler soil where they overcome, 
as far as possible, the effects of the hot days. The sweet pea must be 
kept growing steadily from the day the seed is sown. When water is 
needed, do not apply near the plants, but between the rows, where it 
should be given liberally. This treatment is especially important with 



* One large grower sows the s>eed in flats or benches, in sand, transplanting the seedlings as soon as the 
upper side root is one half inch long. Two plants are placed in each two-and-a-half-inch pot. These 
are planted, four pots to one foot of row, in the greenhouse. 



Bulletin 319 



Platk I 




The house of winter-flowering sweet peas, February, igio 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 629 

the early plantings. One reason why water should not be applied too 
near the plants is that they are especially subject to damping off. This 
trouble becomes more prevalent in October and November, when there 
are more cloudy days, cool nights, and like conditions. Because of this, 
no soil should be heaped around the stem. 

Time to plant 

When a good crop of sweet peas is desired for Christmas, the seed should 
be sown the 20th of August. When sown September i the plants will 
flower in January; when sown September 15 the main crop will be in 
February; and when sown in October the crop will be ready in March. 
November sowings flower in the latter part of March; December sowings 
in April; January sowings in April and May; February sowings from May 
I on; and a March sowing in May or June. This gives the time when 
a reasonable crop can be expected, although flowers will be cut, especially 
with certain varieties, in a shorter interval than that given. 

Some of the varieties in the tests at this station, sown October 20 and 
benched December 20, gave flowers during the last week in January, 
but not freely until about March. Some sown November 20 and benched 
December 20 began flowering in February and gave an abundance in 
March. Seed sown in beds September 24 this year gave flowers on Thanks- 
giving Day, although during the whole month of November there was not 
one clear day and there were only two partly clear days. 

Supports 

As soon as the peas are up, a support must be furnished. This may 
consist of string, wire and string, or wire netting. When string is used 
it is stretched lengthwise on each side of the row and fastened to stakes on 
the purlin posts. The wire-and-string support consists of wires stretched 
over the row, one near the ground and another eight to ten feet above it; 
between these, string is stretched lengthwise every ten inches, and per- 
pendicular strings connect the top and bottom wires. 

Wire netting is condemned by commercial growers. They maintain 
that the vines do not cling to it, so that just as much tying is needed; 
and, besides, more crooked stems occur than when the vines are trained 
0:1 string. At this station, however, all the methods have been tried 
and the wire netting has been found preferable. 

Temperature 

Keep the temperature in the early stage as low as possible, giving full 
ventilation, day and night, as late as possible without freezing. The 



630 Bulletin 319 

cooler the plants can be kept while growing, the stronger and healthier 
they will be. In this way the natural outdoor spring conditions are 
approximated. 

When the flower buds can be felt in the ti])s of the growing stems, the 
temperature should be raised 1° a night until 50° is attained, which is 
the proper temperature during December, January, and February. From 
about the end of February on, a night temperature of 48° is better. On 
bright days a rise of 10° or even 15° may be given. On cloudy days 55° 
is high enough, for higher temperatures promote soft, succulent growth 
that wilts when the sun comes out. Plenty of ventilation should be 
])rovidcd at every opportunity, as this, with careful regulation of temper- 
ature, causes a firm growth. 

Insects 

Sweet peas are especially subject to attack by the red spider, but unless 
the plants are too near heated pipes such attacks do not often occur 
except in the fall months. The careful use of water after the plants have 
attained a height of a few inches will eradicate this pest. 

The common enemy of greenhouse plants, the green fly, attacks sweet 
peas from the time they appear above ground. These insects can soon 
destroy the young plants, as well as weaken the plants at any stage. 
Fumigation should be attended to carefully, the grower choosing cool 
nights or performing the work early in the morning; the chief object being 
to clear the plants thoroughly by regular and persistent fumigation so 
that they will not need fumigating when in bloom, as the odor is objection- 
able and injures the sale of the flowers. Tobacco also bleaches the flowers 
of some varieties. In the spring, when spraying plants with nicotine 
for green fly or for thrips, use this insecticide carefully as sweet peas 
are subject to injury from it. A nicotine preparation containing forty 
per cent of the constituent nicotine, used at the rate of two teaspoon- 
fuls to each gallon of water, will kill the thrips that arc hit by the spray. 

Climbing cutworms and snails, if present in greenhouses, will destroy 
sweet peas. The former insects, which attack also carnations, x-iolcts, 
and chrysanthemums under glass, are combated by using compost that 
has not been covered by a rank growth of weeds and grass. When their 
work is noticed a search should be made for the worms under any mulch 
or lumps of earth on the bench, where they are coiled up during the day. 
They may also be picked from the plants at night while feeding. The 
use of poisoned baits is also recommended; among the best of these is 
the bran-arsenic mash, made by mixing one part white arsenic, one part 
sugar, and six parts bran, with suificient water to form a mash. This 
may be placed among the plants. Snails can be controlled by the appli- 
cation of lime and soot to the surface of the beds or benches. 



Bulletin 319 



Plate II 




The sweet pea mildew 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 631 

Diseases 

The damping-off fungus has already been mentioned as causing the 
loss of young plants. Sometimes plants are seen with white- or yellow- 
streaked foliage. From experience at this station it appears that such a 
condition may follow the use of any soil that is not sweet. An instance 
occurred when a mold growing over the ashes of a bench entered the 
bottom of some pots of peas, causing the soil to become stale and musty. 
x\ll the plants where this occurred showed streaked foliage later. The 
disease is undoubtedly physiological in its nature and is thought by prac- 
tical growers to occur sometimes from the use of too much or too fresh 
manure on young plants. 

The dropping of flower buds is often a cause of complaint from growers. 
The first flower buds frequently do not set on vigorous, thrifty plants. 
Usually this condition soon disappears, but sometimes it is necessary 
to keep the plants a little dry and to abstain from the use of fertilizers 
until the plants are blooming freely. The loss of the buds will follow a 
sudden fall in the temperature or will result from overwatering. Another 
cause is, growing the plants in too cool an atmosphere. Plants that are 
grown in the proper temperature, with careful attention to watering, 
ventilation, and feeding, do not fail to give an abundance of flowers. 

Mildew sometimes attacks sweet peas during the autumn, unless the 
temperature and ventilation receive attention. It has been found at this 
station that mildew yields readily to applications of sulfur to the pipes, 
and to the use of flour of sulfur dusted on the infected leaves. As soon 
as the fires are started in the fall, some sulfur should be applied to the pipes 
as a preventive. This should be used judiciously, however, for an interest- 
ing case came under observation at this station during the past winter, 
of the danger of using sulfur too strong. An application had been made, 
and on a very cold night the pipe covered with the sulfur was turned on, 
the result being that every flower which was well advanced or open was 
scorched so that most of the flowers had to be thrown away. No injury 
to the plants occurred. 

TESTS OF WINTER-FLOWERING SWEET PEAS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 

The origin of the various groups of winter-flowering varieties of sweet 
peas has been traced above, and the varieties of the garden type formerly 
grown under glass have been noted. 

All obtainable varieties of the winter-flowering type have been grown 
two seasons under glass, and also out of doors during the past summer. 

From Anton C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J., were received original 
winter-flowering sweet pea seeds of the following thirty-one varieties: 



632 Bulletin 319 

Blue Bird, Christinas Captain, Christmas Pink, Enchantress, Florence E. 
Denzer, Governor Fort, Grecnbrook, Jack Hunter, Le Marquis, Meteor, 
Miss Helen M. Gould, Miss Josie Reilly, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Mrs. F. J. 
Dolansky, Mrs. J. F. Hannan, Mrs. George Lewis, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. 
E. Wild, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Niger, Pink Beauty, 
Red Seedling, Variegated, Watchung, William J. Stewart, and Wallacea; 
in 191 1, Zvolanek's Blue, Orange, Pink, and J. K. Allen. 

From C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden, Essex, England, came the follow- 
ing six varieties of Lathyrus odoratus Praecox: White, Mauve, Deep 
Mauve, Carmine, Maroon, and Blue. 

There were obtained from F. Fleetwood Paul, Botley, Hants, England, 
the following four varieties of " Paul's Improved Telemly vStrain, or 
Christmas-Flowering Sweet Peas": Rose and Carmine, Mauve, Two 
Shades Pink, and White. 

From the Reverend E. Arkwright, Telemly, Alger-Mustapha, Algeria, 
Africa, were received the following eighteen named varieties of Telemly 
sweet peas: Apple Blossom, Indigo Blue, Blue and Red, Cerise, Lavender 
and Pink, Lavender; Maroon, Mauve, Pale Pink, Pink, Pale Primrose, 
Purple, Purple and Maroon, Red Bicolor, Red Self, Red and W^hite, 
Violet, and White. 

Canary, Flamingo, Christmas White, Snowbird, and Mrs. A. C. 
Zvolanek, also seeds of Mont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeams, Earliest White, 
Earliest of All, Reselected Eariiest of All, Emily Henderson, and Blanche 
Ferry, were received from A. T. Boddington, New York. The same firm 
forwarded packets of their stock of Florence E. Denzer, Mrs. W. W. 
Smalley, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. E. Wild, Mrs. George 
Lewis, Christmas Pink, and Watchung, which were identical with the 
varieties of the same name in the Zvolanek collection. 

The Bryson Ayres Company, Independence, Mo., sent the following va- 
rieties: Christmas Primrose, Mrs. A. Wallace, Ayres' Thanksgiving White, 
Christmas Blue, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Christmas Pink, Mrs. William vSim. 

Altogether, seventy-three varieties, from five sources in Anicrica, 
Algeria, and England, have been tested at this station. This probably 
represents the largest collection of the forcing type ever brought together. 
In all these trials there has never been discovered the slightest reason for 
believing that any variety was a hybrid between some species of the vetch 
and Lathyrus odoratus. Side by side with the varieties of winter-flowering 
sweet peas the following species of vetch have been grown and studied at 
all stages of development: Vicia sattva, V. villosa, V. gcrardii, and V. 
Julgens. 

The winter-flowering Lathyrus odoratus Praecox and the Telemly strains 
all have the same habit of growth and early-flowering i^ropensity, with 



Bulletin 319 



Plate III 




The winter-flowering sweet peas, May j, 1911. After blooming for five months 



Bulletin 319 



Plate IV 




The Spencer sweet peas. May 4, igii. A feiu days after beginning to bloom 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 



633 



the exception of Paul's Telemly Mauve, which is distinct from Arkwright's 
Telemly Mauve and which belongs to the outdoor type since it exhibits 
similar characteristics of bushy growth and is late-fiowering. This 
variety, planted at the same time as the other varieties from Mr. Paul, 
produced flowers eight to nine weeks later; the second year it gave flowers 
seventeen to eighteen weeks later. 

The Telemly varieties from Arkwright show by the form of their flowers 
that they have been derived from Blanche Ferry. The latter, when sown 
in August, does not flower much in winter, although it has much the same 
character of growth. 

The varieties Florence E. Denzer and Mont Blanc, also Earliest White, 
Watchung, and Snowbird, and Christmas Pink, Earliest of All, Reselected 
Earliest of All, and Blanche Feny, have flowers that are identical and the 
three last named come into bloom at the same time. The open-flowered 
varieties from Zvolanek and Boddington are earlier than the hooded 
varieties and are also less vigorous growers. 

NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM 



Variety 



Planted 

in pots 

October 22 

(1909- 

1910) 



Planted 
in open 
ground 
(1910) 



Planted 
in beds 
Septem- 
ber 24 
(1910- 
1911) 



Earliest White 

Earliest of All 

Watchung 

Snowbird 

Reselected Earliest of All . 

Blanche Ferry 

Earliest Sunbeams 

Two Shades Pink 

Blue Bird 

Greenbrook 

Christmas Pink 

Mont Blanc 

Canary 

Teleml}' Pale Primrose. . . 

Christmas Captain 

Variegated 

WilHam J. vStewart 

Telemly Apple Blossom. . 

Telemly Maroon 

Le Marquis 

Christmas Meteor 

Mrs. Zvolanek 

Telemly Pink 

Mrs. J. F. Hannan 

Helen M. Gould 

T61emly Indigo Blue 



71 
71 
71 
71 



96 
92 

99 
104 

99 

99 

112 

93 
105 . 

97 

lOI 

93 
95 

lOI 
lOI 



95 
97 
98 

91 



68 
68 
68 
68 
68 
68 
74 



74 
74 
74 
74 
76 



75 
76 



76 
76 



79 
74 



60 
63 
63 
66 
66 
66 
81 

85 
86 

87 
87 



89 
90 
90 
90 
90 
93 
93 
93 
93 



634 Bulletin 319 

NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM — (Continued) 



Variety 



Planted 

in pots 

October 22 

(1909- 

1910) 



Planted 
in open 
ground 
(1910) 



Planted 
in beds 
Septem- 
ber 24 
(1910- 
1911) 



Telemly Blue and Red 

Christmas Enchantress 

Mrs. C. H. Totty 

Mrs. A. Wallace 

Paul's Rose and Carmine. . . . 

Christmas White 

Wallacea 

Flamingo 

Arkvvright's Tdlemly White. . 

Telemly Purple 

Florence E. Denzer 

Niger 

Tdemly Red and White 

Telemly Pale Pink 

Pink Beauty 

Red Seedling 

Telemly Violet 

Teleml}'^ Cerise 

Jack Hunter 

Kliss Josie Reilly 

Praecox White 

Mrs. F. J. Dolansky 

Mrs. William Sim 

Mrs. W. W. Smallcy 

Telemly Red Self 

Tdlcmly Lavender and Pinl< . 
Telemly Mauve (Arkwright) 

T(Jlemly Lavender 

Governor Fort 

Praecox Carmine 

Praecox Deep Mauve 

Mrs. E. Wild 

Praecox Mauve 

Paul's Telemly Mauve 

Mrs. George Lewis 

Paul's Telemly White 



91 

97 

106 

106 

104 

99 

lOI 

95 
94 
93 
105 
104 
92 
92 

lOI 

103 
98 
98 
97 
99 

105 

lOI 

103 

102 

98 

93 

95 

lOI 

99 
III 
109 
109 
107 
160 
99 
94 



Emily Henderson . 
Henry Eckford . . . 
King Edward VH. 
Countess Spencer. 

Helen Lewis 

Primrose Spencer. 
White Spencer. . . . 



The garden varieties tested 1910-iyii 



77 
76 
77 



77 
74 



74 



74 
74 



76 

78 



81 



93 
94 
94 
94 
94 
94 
94 
95 
95 
95 
96 

95 
96 
96 
96 
96 
98 
102 

lOI 
lOI 
lOI 

102 
102 
102 

102 
102 
107 
107 
109 

no 
no 
112 
124 
218 
96 
102 



202 

214 
216 
216 
214 
216 
212 



The plants of the j^ardcn ty])e started September 24 with the winter- 
flowering type produced their first blossoms during the last week in 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 



63 s 



April, while the latter were still blooming freely after having yielded cut 
blooms for nearly five months, and the extra 'early varieties for six months. 

NUMBER OF DAYS COMING INTO BLOOM CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUP TO WHICH 

THE VARIETIES BELONG 



Variety 



1909-1910 



1910-1911 



Engelmann varieties 

Praecox Blue 

Praecox Carmine 

Praecox Deep Mauve 

Praecox Mauve 

Praecox Maroon 

Praecox White 



Lathvrus odoratus Praecox 



Paul's Improved Tilemly varieties 



Two Shades Pink . 
Rose and Carmine . 

Mauve 

White 



Arkivright's Tilemly varieties 



Tdlemly White 

Telemly Pale Primrose 

Telemly Apple Blossom 

Telemly Maroon 

Telemly Pink 

Telemly Indigo Blue 

Telemly Blue and Red 

Telemly Purple 

Telemly Red and White .... 

Telemly Pale Pink 

Telemly Violet 

Telemly Cerise 

Telemly Lavender and Pink . 

Telemly Mauve 

Telemly Lavender 

Telemly Red Self 

Telemly Red Bicolor 

Telemly Purple and Maroon . 



Ill 
III 


no 


109 


no 


107 


124 


lOQ 




105 


lOI 


92 


85 


104 

160 


94 
218 


94 


102 


94 
93 
93 


95 
88 
89 


95 


90 


95 


93 


91 


93 


91 


93 


93 
92 
92 
98 
98 


95 
96 
96 
98 
102 


93 


102 


95 


107 


lOI 

98 


107 
102 


94 
98 









DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 

In the following descriptions of winter-flowering sweet peas and such 
other kinds as are used for forcing, the varieties are classified according 
to the form of the standard into two groups- — open and hooded. Each 
group is subdivided into its leading colors by the marginal divisions. 
The white varieties are arranged in groups according to color of the seed — 
white seed and black seed. The year given is that in which the variety 
was introduced. The Repertoire de Couleurs was used as the standard 
chart in determining the colors of the flowers. 



636 



Bulletin- 319 



O^P^f 



Hooded Open 

Fig. 174. — Classification according to the form of the flower 

OPEN FORM 
CHRISTMAS WHITE 

White (White seed) 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1905. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, white, open-form, notched standard, 

dwarf growth. 
Synonym — This is Florence E. Denzer. 

FLORENCE E. DENZER 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1902. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 
standard, dwarf growth, medium early. Valuable for market. 

Description in detail — Color snow-white 1-4 (2), the expanding flowers 
greenish white 1-2 (15). Open-form, fiat, notched standard, long, 
narrow wings. Flowers two or three on stems of medium length, of 
good substance and fragrant. Plant dwarf, not over six feet. Seed 
white. Said to be a cross between Christmas Pink and Emily Hender- 
son in 1895. Registered as Miss Florence E. Denzer, December 15, 
1902. 

Comparison — This variety is a month later than Watchung, Snowbird, 
and Earliest White. In the open it was a week later. 

Synonym — Christmas White is the same variety. 



Winter-flowering vSweet Peas 637 

MONT BLANC 

Originated by Bemary, 1900. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 

standard, midseason, dwarf growth. 
Comparison — Similar to Florence E. Denzer. 

TELEMLY WHITE 

Originated by . Donated by Paul. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, mid- 
season variety of dwarf growth. 

Remark — This variety has white seeds and germinated very poorly, 
giving two plants from ten seeds. 

Comparison — Similar to Florence E. Denzer. 

TELEMLY WHITE 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Large size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, 

midseason variety, of tall, vigorous growth. 
Remark — This white contains a variety of hooded form similar to Dorothy 

Eckford. 
Comparison — During both seasons this variety was distinctly larger 

than any other white variety. 

EARLIEST WHITE 

White (Black seed) 

Originated by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1906. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, dwarf 
growth. Valuable because of its extreme earliness. 

Description in detail — Fully open flower milk-white 2-3 (11); wings and 
standard have no trace of color except in the young bud. Open-form, 
fiat, notched standard, w4ngs long and broad. Flowers one to three 
on short medium stems, substance good, fragrant. An early and free 
bloomer. Plant dwarf, under six feet, begins to bloom when eighteen 
inches high. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed large, 
round, and black. 

Remark — Both seasons, under glass, this variety and its synonyms were 
three weeks earlier than any other variety, and in the open ground 
they were one week earlier than Mont Blanc. 

Comparison — This variety is similar to Snowbird and Watchung. 



638 Bn.iJ'rnN ,:; i<) 

SNOWBIRD 

Originated by . Donated by Bodclington, 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 

standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. 
Comparison — Similar to Earliest White and Watchung. 

WATCHUNG 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 

standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. 
Comparison — Very similar to Earliest White. 

CANARY 
Primrose 

Originated by . Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief - — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, 
early variety. 

Description in detail — Color of opening standard is cream-yellow 2 (30), 
fades to creamy white 2 (10); wings yellowish white 3 (13), fading to 
creamy white i (10). Flower open-form, with flat, notched standard, wings 
long, broad, and concealing the keel. Growth not tall, under six feet. 

Camparison — Opens deeper yellow and not quite so large as Burpee's 
Earliest Sunbeams and Telemly Primrose. Standard erect and fiat, 
while those of the last-named variety often reflex on the edges. Plant 
grew taller than other primrose varieties. 

EARLIEST SUNBEAMS 

Originated by Burpee, 1904. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, 
dwarf growth, early variety. 

Description in detail — Color yellowish white 1-2 (13), black deeper 
shade, wings slightly lighter. Open-form, notched standard, long, 
broad wings. Flowers one to three on niedium stems, substance good, 
ntoderately fragrant. Early and free bloomer. Plant not tall, under 
six feet. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed white. 

Comparison — This variety is similar to Telemly Pale Primrose, and was 
introduced prior to it. 

TELEMLY PALE PRIMROSE 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, o]:)en-form, primrose, notched standard, 

early variety. 
Comparison — Similar to Earliest Sunbeams. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 639 

T6LEMLY PINK 
Pink 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Bright pink, medium size, open-fomi, notched 
standard, moderately vigorous grower, midseason. 

Description in detail — Color of the standard as it opens is bright purple- 
rose 2-3 (150) or Rose Neyron red i (119), changing to pale lilac-rose 
2 (130); wings mauve-rose i (153). Flower open-form, notched stand- 
ard, with large, long, broad wings. Stems long and strong. Fragrant. 
Midseason. Plant a moderate grower. 

Remark — One of the most beautiful pink varieties in the collection, but 

is not fixed. 

ZVOLANEK'S PINK 

Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief ■ — A large, open, soft pink flower. 

Description in detail — -Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1-2 (119); 
wings lilac-rose i (152) or paler. Flower large, open-fonn, and borne 
on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrance moderate. Good 
substance. Plant medium height, slender, but a very profuse bloomer. 

MRS. W. W. SMALLEY 
Cream pink 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek, Bpddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, soft pink, open-form, late variety. 

Description in detail — Color of the standard, rosy flesh i (134); wings 
pale flesh i (136). Flower medium size, open-form standard some- 
times with a faint notch, flat; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
keel. Season late. Plant a moderately vigorous grower, medium 
height. 

Comparison — A Christmas or winter-flowering open-form Venus. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, March, 1906. 

TELEMLY APPLE BLOSSOM 
Bicolor 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, flushed pink on light 
primrose standard, wings light primrose. An early variety. 

Description in detail — Color milk-white 4 (11), standard flushed with 
pink 4 (7), in the center with inilk- white edges. Wings milk-white. 
Variable in color and in size. Open-form, notched standard, wings large, 
long, and broad. Flowers on medium long stems, fragrant. Pro- 
ductive. Plant dwarf, under six feet, slender growth. Leaflets narrow 
and pointed. 



640 Bulletin 319 

Remark — Fully one half rogues, one with a red standard and pink wings, 
the other an inferior variety with purple standard and blue wings. 

CHRISTMAS PINK 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1899. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-fonn, early 

variety. Very valuable market variety grown under glass. 
Description in detail — Under glass, color of standard is deep cerise 4 

(123), wnngs are lilacy white i (7). Open-fomi standard notched, 

wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on 

long, strong stems. Very productive. 
Remark — This variety under glass was three weeks later than Earliest 

of All and other varieties, and in the open ground was one week later. 
Comparison — Similar in color to Blanche Ferry, Earliest of All, and 

others, but much superior to these varieties in every respect except in 

earliness. 

BLANCHE FERRY 

Introduced by Ferry, 1889. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, extra early, open-form, 

notched standard, short stems, plant a poor grower in midwinter. 
Remarks — An old forcing variety, but superseded by Christmas Pink. 

Not productive from November to March, and stems too short. 

EARLIEST OF ALL 

Originated by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, iSgS. Dowa/^cf 63^ Boddington. 
Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched 

standard, extra early variety. 
Remark — This variety was in every respect similar to Blanche Ferry and 

Reselected Earliest of All. 
Comparison — Similar in color to Christmas Pink and Telcmly Red and 

White, but much earlier. Not equal to those varieties for growing 

under glass in midwinter. 

RESELECTED EARLIEST OF ALL 

Introduced by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Burpee. 
Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched 

standard, short stems, extra early, plant a weak grower under glass. 
Comparison — One year of trial under glass showed that this variety was 

not so vigorous as, and was no earlier than, Earliest of All. In the 

open ground this variety came into bloom on the same day as Blanche 

Ferry and Earliest of All. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 641 

TELEMLY RED AND WHITE 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, red and white, notched 

standard, productive, midseason, very vigorous variety. 
Description in detail — Flower open-form, flat, notched standard, wings 

long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on very 

long, strong stems. Very productive. Plant tall, vigorous grower, 

over ten feet. 
Comparison — Similar to Christmas Pink. 

TELEMLY. PALE PINK 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, pink standard and primrose wings, 
open-form, strong grower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard mauve rose i (153); wings 
lilacy white 3 (7). Flower open-form, notched standard, medium 
size, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers medium 
size, two and three on long, strong stems, fragrant. Midseason. Plant 
vigorous, tall, over eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very 
dark green. 

Comparison — Superior to Telemly Apple Blossom, as it has larger flowers, 
is a stronger grower, and is a pure stock. Is distinct from that 

variety, however. 

CHRISTMAS METEOR 
Crimson and Scarlet 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Meditim size, red, open-fonn, notched standard, 
midseason, dwarf grower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red i (114), wings 
rosy magenta i (169) changing to magenta 2 (182). Flowers open- 
form, medium size, short stems. Standard notched at the top and 
with narrow base; wings long and broad, hooded, concealing the keel. 
Productive. Continuous bloomer. Midseason. Plant moderately tall 
grower, six feet. Under glass was a fixed variety. 

Coinparison — Distinct from Flamingo. Telemly Red Bicolor has a 
similar flower, but is later. Meteor is winter-flowering Ignea. In 
the open ground the flower blackens as does that variety, and the same 
rogue occurs in it. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 

TELEMLY RED SELF 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-fonn, notched standard, late. 



642 Bulletin 319 

Comparison — Similar to Christinas Meteor, but in the experiments 
at this station it was later-flowerinjj;. 

TELEMLY TWO SHADES PINK 

Originated by . Donated by Paul. 

Description — This variety was so badly mixed that it was absolutely 
impossible to determine the true variety. The best thing in it was 
a red similar to Meteor, and so the variety has been included here 
There was no other with two shades of color except a few plants of 
Blue and Red Telcmly, and one plant of Red and White Telemly. 
The majority of the plants produced flowers of a lilacy white or faint 
blush pink, but of very inferior fonn. 

TELEMLY RED BICOLOR 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red bicolor, opcn-fomi, notched 

standard. 
Description in detail — vSee Telcmly Rose and Camiine. 

TELEMLY ROSE AND CARMINE 

Originated by . Donated by Paul. 

Description in brief — Small to medium size, red, open-form, midseason 

variety. 
Description in detail — Standard carmine lake 2 (121), and wings rosy 

magenta 2 (169). Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long 

and narrow, hooded. \^ariable in size, upper flowers on the spike 

are noticeably smaller. Stems long. Midseason. 
Comparison — This is similar to Arkwright's Telemly Red Bicolor. 



CHRISTMAS RED 
Rose and Carmine 

Originated by — . 

Remark — Mr. William Sim (in Horticulture, Vol. VII, No. 19, May 
9, 1908, \). 628) says that this variety is identical with Flamingo. 



FLAMINGO 

Originated by ■ — . Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-form, midseason variety 
of short growth. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 643 

Description in detail — Color crimson-red i (114), fading to 3-4 (118); 
wings rosy magenta 1-2 (169), changing to magenta 4 (182). Flower 
open-form, notched in top of standard, the edges of which reflex; wings 
spreading, slightly hooded at tips. Flowers likely to run below mediiim 
size. Stems short. Little or no fragrance. A productive midseason 
variety. Plant of short growth, under six feet, with narrow, pointed 
leaflets. A pure stock. 

TfiLEMLY CERISE 

Cerise 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, red variety. 

Description in detail — Color is far from cerise, being in these experiments 

a solferino red i (157) on the standard, wings bishop's violet i (189). 

Flower open-form, notched standard and small size. Season late. 

Plant a moderate grower. 
Purity — Badly mixed, with one half the plants Telemly Mauve, Telemly 

Pale Pink, and Telemly Pink. 

TELEMLY LAVENDER 
Lavender 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized, lavender variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope i (188) and of wings 

heliotrope i (198). Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. 

Season medium to late. Not a vigorous variety here. 

LAVENDER AND PINK 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, lavender, open-form, late variety. 

Description in detail — Color of the standard lilac-rose i (152) fading 
to lilacy white i (7), leaving the base lavender-blue; wings lavender- 
blue I (204), fading to almost white. Flowers medium size, open-form. 
Standard flat, notched. Wings long and broad. Season late. Plant 
a medium grower. 

Purity — Contains Red and White, also Purple and Maroon. 

TELEMLY MAUVE 
Mauve 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, mauve, open-form, late variety. 



644 BrLLETiN 319 

Description in detail — Color of the opening standard bright violet 4 
(198), changing to heliotrope i (188); wings open bright violet i (198), 
change to Parma violet i (200). Flower open-fonn, faintly notched, 
fiat standard; wings long and broad. Flowers medium size, on long 
stems. Fragrant. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous grower, 
over eight feet. 

Purity — Contains a hooded fonn, also an early-flowering, waved, blush 
pink. 

Comparison — Can be called an open-form Mrs. Alexander Wallace. 
Differs from that variety in the open form, deeper violet in the opening 
flowers, and deeper blue of the wings. 

TELEMLY MAROON 
Maroon 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, maroon, open-form, midseason, 
strong-growing variety. 

Description in detail — The color is not found in the Repertoire de 
Couleurs; that of the standard is nearest 4 (172), but the wings are 
slightly purplish near 2 (185) and the keel is shaded bishop's violet 
4 (189) on white. The effect is the color popularly called maroon. 
Flower open-form, notched standard, size medium. Stems long. 
Plant a vigorous grower. 

Comparison — Distinct from Praeeox Maroon. 

MISS HELEN M. GOULD 
Striped 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe, open-form, midseason, 
short grower. 

Description in detail — Striped and flaked with lilacy white i (7) to pale 
light lilac I (187) on white ground. Wings creamy white 4 (10), fading 
to white. Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long and 
narrow. Flowers medium size on short to medium stems. Plant 
a short grower, under six feet. 

Comparison — Of Earliest White type. 

VARIEGATED 

Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe on white, open-form, 
early variety. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 645 

Description in detail — Standard heavily striped and flaked lilac-purple 
4 (160) on white; wings fleshy white i (9). Flowers open-form, medium 
size, on short stems. Standard notched at the top, with narrow base. 
Plant a short grower, under six feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very 
dark green. 

Comparison — This is Mrs. Zvolanek, 1909. 

MRS. ZVOLANEK 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium size, red striped on white, open-form, 

early variety. 
Remark — This variety was grown in 1910-1911; catalogued as a Blue 

Variegated. 
Comparison — This variety w-as received under the naine " Variegated " 

in 1909. 

CHRISTMAS CAPTAIN 
Violet and Purple 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Above medium size, maroon-red standard and blue 
wings, open-form, early variety. 

Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 2 (172) or vinous 
mauve 4 (184), with veins of darker color; wings light bluish violet 
I (202). Flower open-form, standard with notched top, reflexed edges, 
and narrow base, wings long and narrow, concealing the keel; size 
above medium, on medium long stems. Fragrant, very productive 
and early. Plant a moderate grower, seven feet. Leaflets narrow 
and pointed. 

Purity — Stock is unfixed. In open ground it broke up into six varie- 
ties. Said to be iinpossible to fix. 

T^LEMLY BLUE AND RED 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size or slightly larger, maroon-red standard 
and blue wings, open-form, midseason variety. 

Description in detail — Opening standard deep carmine- violet 3 (174), 
veins and midrib rich pansy- violet 4 (191). The standard changes 
to a deep purple i (184). The wings open violet-purple i (192), veins 
4 (192), change to light bluish violet i (202). Flowers open-form, 
medium size or slightly larger. Standard slightly notched, flat; wings 
long, hooded, concealing the keel. 

Comparison — Somewhat on the order of Christmas Captain, but has 
brighter standards and is a fixed strain. 



646 



Bulletin 319 



T^LEMLY PURPLE AND MAROON 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Medium size, maroon-red with dark blue wings, 

open-form, early variety. 
Description in detail — Color of the standard is nearest to plum- violet 

3 (172), but is brighter; wings near 4 (194), or bluer. 
Comparison — The standard is similar in color to the standard of Blue 

and Red Telemly, but the wings arc dark blue, instead of light blue 

as in that variety. 

HOODED FORM 

MRS GEORGE LEWIS 
White (White seed) 

Originated by Z\'olanek, 1908. Do)iatcd by Zvolanek, Boddington. 

Description in brief — Medium to large, pure white, slightly hooded, 
moderate grower. 




Fig. 175. — The white-flowering sweet pea, Mrs. George Lewis 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 647 

Description in detail — Color snow-white i (2), slightly hooded form, 
some flowers approaching the waved form. Standard round, no notch, 
wings long and narrow. Flowers one to three on medium stems, sub- 
stance under glass not equal to Watchung. Very mildly and sweetly 
perfumed. Plant of moderate growth. Leaflets narrow and pointed. 
Seeds white, a large number split, and one of the most difficult kinds 
to germinate. Must be carefully handled. 

PRAECOX WHITE 

Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in brief — Medium-sized flower, late, white, extremely hooded, 
very long, strong stem, tall grower. 

Description in detail — Flower extremely hooded, wings long and broad, 
concealing the keel. Moderately fragrant. Flowers three, medium 
size, on very long, strong stems. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous 
grower, nine feet, with broad leaves. Seed white, but germinated 
well. 

Comparison — A distinct variety. 

JACK HUNTER 
Primrose 

Originated by Zvolanck, igoS. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — ^ Medium size, dwarf growth, late. Color salmon- 
pink, hooded. 

Description in detail — Color under glass, pale pink 4 (135) wings. Much 
hooded so that top of standard appears pointed, wings long and broad, 
concealing the keel. Flowers medium size, on long stems. Substance 
good. Free bloomer, and fragrant. Plant short, under six feet. 
Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very dark green in color. Seed black. 

Comparison — Appears to be Christmas-flowering Stella Morse. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 

MRS. F. J. DOLANSKY 
Pink 

Originated by Zvolanck, 1907. Donated by Zvolanck. 

Description in brief — Light pink self, extremely hooded, strong grower, 
late variety. 

Description in detail — Color in midwinter light rose i (128), but later 
is mauve-rose 2 (153). Flower is extremely hooded, making apparent 
size smaller than the real. Stems of medium length. Plant tall grower, 
over seven feet, narrow, pointed leaflets. A true stock. 



648 Bllletin 319 

Comparison — This variety is superior to Christmas Enchantress. Is 

Christmas-flowering Prima Donna. 
Registered with the Soeiety of American Florists, April, 1906. 

CHRISTMAS ENCHANTRESS 

Originated by Zvokinck. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Light pink self, extremely hooded type, dwarf 
growth, midseason. 

Description in detail — Color mauve-rose i (153). Extremely hooded 
form, giving standard a pointed appearance and reducing flower below 
medituTi size. Shows too many side notches. Free bloomer, with 
medium stems, fragrant. Plant dwarf grower, five feet. Leaflets 
narrow and pointed. 

Comparison — Inferior to Mrs. F. J. Dolansky. Is Christmas-flowering 
Blushing Beauty. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 

J. K. ALLEN 

Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — A large pink flower. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1-4 (154); wings 
lilac- white, suffused with lilac-rose 1-3 (7). Flower large, hooded, 
and borne on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrance moderate. 
Substance good. Plant medium height and moderately productive. 

GOVERNOR FORT 
Cream Pink 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Salmon-pink self, hooded late. 

Description in detail — Medium-sized flowers on long stems, nicely hooded. 
Color pale lilac-rose 4 (130). Moderately fragrant, late. Plant is 
strong grower but of medium height, with very dark green leaves. 

Comparison — Superior to Mrs. William Sim in color and form. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists as Governor John P^-ank- 
lin Fort, May, 1908. 

MRS. WILLIAM SIM 
Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zyolanek. 

Description in brief — Salmon-jjink, hooded form, medium size, tall, 
vigorous grower. Late. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 649 

Description in detail — Standard bright rose i (128), wings crushed straw- 
berry I (109) veined with Rose Neyron red i (119). Extremely hooded 
form, giving standard pointed appearance and reducing size. Stems 
long. Very vigorous, tall grower, over nine feet. Leaflets narrow 
and pointed. Stock true. 

Comparison — Christmas-flowering Countess of Lathom. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, April, 1906. 

RED SEEDLING 
Crimson and Scarlet 

Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Red, extremely hooded flowers, on long stems. 
A vigorous grower. Midseason. 

Description in detail — Color of standard brighter than amarante red, 
or dull dark crimson 3-4 (168); wings rosy magenta 2 (169), changing 
to magenta i (182). Flowers are of the extremely hooded form, appear- 
ing to be of only medium size due to pointed standard, which is not 
notched; wings large and spreading, showing the keel rather prominently. 

Midseason. 

MRS. E. WILD 

Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Carmine-pink. Very late. 

Description in detail — Standard nearly crimson-carmine 4 (159), wings 
on outside i (159) but inside much lighter. Wings very large, long, 
broad, and spreading, exposing the keel, and often extending beyond 
margin of the standard. Fragrant. Very late. Stems large and 
strong. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 

MRS. J. F. HANNAN 
Rose and Carmine 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Mediiim size, carmine-netted, hooded variety. 
Description in detail — Color of standard Tyrian rose 2 (155); wings 

violet rose 3 (154). In summer the color is solferino red i (157). 

Flow^ers on long, strong stems, fragrant, midseason, profuse bloomer. 

Plant a very strong, vigorous grower, making a dense, heavy growth, 

over nine feet. Leaflets narrow and pointed. Wings long, broad 

and concealing the keel. 
Parentage — Seedling from Mrs. William Sim and Mrs. E. Wild. 
Synonym — Marian Hannan. 
Registered with the vSociety of American Florists, April 21, 1906. 



650 



BrLi.HTlN 3 ig 



MARIAN HANNAN 

Originated by Zvolanck, 1 908 . 
Synonym — Mrs. J. F. Hannan, igog. 

PINK BEAUTY 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — "Dark pink self/' hooded, midseason. 

Description in detail — Color of standard Tyrian rose 2 (155), wings 
violet rose 3 (154). Standard hooded, round, broad base; wings long, 
broad, hooded, and concealing the keel. Flowers on very long, strong 
stems. Productive. Fragrant. Plant very strong grower, above 
eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 

Comparison — This year it does not differ from Mrs. J. F. Hannan. In 
April, 19 10, the latter variety contained more of a salmon tint. 

PRAECOX CARMINE 

Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in brief — Carmine-netted, hooded, late variety. 




Fig. 176. — Fraccox Carmine 



WiNTER-Fl.OWERING SwEET PeAS 65 1 

Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine, 3 (159) on 
the front and 4 (159) on the back. Sometimes a sohd color, sometimes 
the spaces between the netting are lighter. Wings are almost ptire 
mauve 2 (180). With age the flower changes, the standard losing its 
crimson, becoming magenta, while the wings become a sickly purple 
hue. The standard is hooded and the wings are large and broad. 
The flower is medium to large, on long stems. Fragrant. Productive. 
Plant tall, vigorous grower. 

Comparison — Distinctly a deeper crimson than Mrs. Hannan or Pink 
Beauty. 

CHRISTMAS COMTES 

Lavender 

Originated by Zvolanek. 

Description in detail — When registered, described as "Clear lavender, 
average three flowers on a stem, plant five feet high, stems long. 
Improved Christmas and New Countess." 

Comparison — "Lavender, similar to Countess of Radnor but much 
larger." — Florists' Exchange 22 (1906), p. 97. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, December, 1901. 

t6lemly mauve 

Originated by . Donated by Paul. 

Description in brief — A light lavender, hooded variety. 

Description in detail — Color of opening standard is bishop's violet i 

(189), changing to lobelia blue i (205); wings open bright violet 4 

(198), changing to ageratum blue i (201). 
Comparison — Similar to Countess of Radnor. 
Remark — This variety is not of the winter-flowering type, but is an 

outdoor variety which when sown in September or October does not 

flower until April. 

PRAECOX MAUVE 
Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, very late. 

Description in detail — Color of flower heliotrope i (188), changing to 

bright violet 2 (198). Flower medium size. Plant vigorous and 

productive. 
Comparison — Distinct from Mrs. C. H. Totty because it has very much 

less violet in the opening flower and becomes a truer lavender. 

MRS. CHARLES H. TOTTY 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, midseason. 



652 



Bulletin 319 



Description in detail — Color of the opening standard is bright violet 
I (198), and wings ageratum blue i (201); changes to a light lavender- 
blue, much lighter than i (204), and wings fade to Parma violet i (200), 
with white edges. In midsummer it is more heliotrope as it opens. 
Flowers hooded, occasionally with side notches. Stems long and 
strong. Fragrant. Plant a tall, vigorous grower, over nine feet. 

Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Lady Griscl Hamilton. 



GREENBROOK 
Mauve 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Lavender blush on white ground. 

Description in detail — Color, standard shaded in center with bright 
violet I (198) on white (2) ground; wings are white (2). Flowers 
slightly hooded, medium-sized on long stems; fragrant. Productive, 
early. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 1908. 



PRAECOX DEEP MAUVE 

Originated by Engclmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in brief — Deep mauve, extremely hooded, ven,^ late. 




Fig. 177. — Praecox Deep Maiive 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 653 

Description in detail — Color of standard is violet mauve i (195), changing 

to bright violet i (198) with edges bluish lilac i (183); wings open 

heliotrope 1-2 (188), becoming almost lobelia blue i (205). Flower 

extremely hooded, large-sized, on long stems. Plant tall, strong, 

vigorous grower, over nine feet; leaves broad and pointed. 

Comparison — Distinct. 

MISS JOSIE REILLY 

Originated hyZ\o\sir\ek, 1907- Donated hy Zyoloxiek. 

Description in brief — Lilac, with lavender wings. 

Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1-2 (154), fading 
to pale lilac-rose i (178) with paler edges; wings lighter than ageratum 
blue I (200). Flower of open form, trace of notch at the top of the 
standard, wings long, broad, and concealing the keel. Flowers medium- 
sized, on moderately long stems, late. Plant is a moderate grower, 
under six feet. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, April 21, 1906. 

MRS. ALEXANDER WALLACE 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, medium-sized flower, and a 
vigorous grower. Midseason. 

Description in detail — Standard opens bishop's violet i (189), changes 
to ageratum blue i (201). Wings open heliotrope i (188) and change 
to Parma violet 4 (200). Flower extremely hooded, making a pointed 
standard ; wings hooded, concealing the keel. Fragrant. Free bloomer. 
Stems long. Midseason. 

Comparison — Same color as Wallacea. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 

WALLACEA 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Lavender, midseason. 

Comparison — This is a better strain of Mrs. Alexander Wallace. 

PRAECOX MAROON 

(Lathyrtis odoratus Praecox) 

Maroon 

Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in detail — Color is not found in Repertoire de Couleurs, 
but that of the standard is nearest 4(172), while wings are more purplish, 
being nearest 4 (185); keel shaded bishop's violet 4 (189). Flowers of 
extremely hooded form, above medium size, on very long stems. Plant 
\cr\' vigorous grower, one of the tallest in the collection, over ten feet. 



C54 Bulletin 319 

Comparison — Distinct from Telemly Maroon. 
Remark — Contained Praccox Canninc as a rogue. 

NIGER 
Violet or Purple 

Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Deep, rich blue, hooded, medium size, and tall, 
vigorous grower. Midseason. 

Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 4 (191), wings 
bright violet -purple 3 (190), changing to violet-purple i (192). Standard 
without notch, wings short and broad. Flowers medium-sized, very 
slightly hooded, on very long stems. Productive. Plant tall, vigorous 
grower. 

Comparison — Distinct from other blues. 

Remark — Stock is mixed with Mrs. E. Wild. 

PRAECOX BLUE 

Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 

Description in brief — A blue-self, medium-sized, hooded variety. 
Description in detail — See William J. Stewart. 
Comparison — Similar to William J. Stewart. 

WILLIAM J. STEWART 

Originated by Zvolanek, igo;. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Blue self, hooded, medium size. Productive. 
Early. 

Description in detail — Color of the standard as it opens is a purple- 
violet 2 (192), changing to bluish violet 4 (199); wings are brighter 
than 4 (190), changing to light bluish violet i (202). Standard some- 
times notched on the sides, wings long, overlapping at tips, conceal- 
ing the keel. Plant very vigorous, tall grower, ten feet. 

Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Imperial Blue. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists as Secrctar}- William 
J. Stewart, March, 1906. 

t6lEMLY VIOLET 

Originated by ArkwTight. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Blue self, medium size. Early. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple-violet 3 (192), changing 

to bluish violet 4 (199); wings light l)luish violet 4 (202), changing 

to I (202). Standard hooded. 
Comparison — Similar to ^^'illiam J. Stewart. 



Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 655 

TELEMLY PURPLE 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Purple, hooded, open-fonn, medium size, mid- 
season. 

Description in detail — Color of standard purple 4 (185); wings bright 
violet-purple i (190), changing to bluish violet. Flower with a round 
standard and long, broad wings. Fragrant. Stems long. Profuse 
bloomer. Plant tall, vigorous grower, over eight feet. 

BLUE BIRD 
Blue 

Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — A blue self, hooded, large. Early. 

Description in detail — Color of the standard light bluish violet 3 (202). 
with lilac lower edges; wings light bluish violet, without trace of lilac. 
Flower often opens with considerable violet. Extremely hooded, large- 
sized, on fairly long stems. Plant a moderate grower, over six feet. 

Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 1908. 

LE MARQUIS 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — Slightly hooded, indigo-blue color, medium size, 

strong grower. Midseason. 
Description in detail — Color of standard violet purple 2 (192); wings 

light bluish violet 3 (202). Slightly hooded, without notch. Flower 

medium-sized, on long stems. Plant a tall, strong grower, eight feet. 
Comparison — Telemly Indigo Blue is similar. Is Christmas-flowering 

Navy Blue. 
Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1907. 

TELEMLY INDIGO BLUE 

Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 

Description in brief — Slightly hooded, medium size, dark blue flower. 
Description in detail — Color of standard violet-purple i (192) at the 

base, shading to 4 (192) at the edge; wings darker than light bluish 

violet 4 (202). 
Comparison — Similar to Le Marquis. 

ZVOLANEK'S BLUE 

Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief — A large, hooded, clear blue flower. 



656 Bulletin 319 

Description in detail — Color of standard light bluish violet 1-2 (202); 
wings lavender-blue i (204); both veined with darker color. Flower 
large and hooded. Stem of medium length and strength. Fragrance 
moderate. Keeping quality very good. Plant of medium height and 
slender growth, and inclined to be a shy bloomer. 

ZVOLANEK'S ORANGE 
Orange 

Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. 

Description in brief — A medium-sized salmon-pink flower. 

Description in detail- — Color of standard salmon-pink (i) 126; wings 
light lilac-purple i (160), flushed salmon-pink. The wings and standard 
veined with darker color. Flower medium-sized and hooded. Stem 
medium length and strength. Has little or no fragrance. A good 
keeper. Plant medium height, slender, and a moderate bloomer. 

Comparison — " This can be represented as winter-flowering Aliss Wil- 
mott." — Zvolanek's Catalog, 1910. 

LIST OF ADDITIONAL VARIETIES 

The following variety names are found in sweet pea lists or have been 

published : 

ANGELINO 

Originated by . 

Description in brief — "Self pink." — Vaughan's Book for Florists, 

July, 19 10. 

Comparison — This variety as seen at Mr. Sim's j^lacc is the variety 

Earliest of All. 

HELEN KELLER 

Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. 

Description in brief — "White and pink variegated." — Zvolanek's 
Catalog, 1909, p. 8. 

MARION STANIFORD 
Originated by Zvolanek. 

Description in brief- — "Standard maroon, wings blue. Seedling from 

Christmas Captain x No. 93. Registered with the Society of American 

Florists, April 21, 1906." 

SNOW QUEEN 

Originated by Zvolanek. Introduced by Zvolanek, 1909. 

Description in brief — "Pure white. Entirely new type of sweet 

peas. The shape is between Countess Spencer and Unwin types; 

flowers just as freely as Florence E. Denzer or Mrs. George Lewis. 

Black-seeded." — Zvolanek's Catalog, 1909, ]). 8. 



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